Kwayesedwa kale kuti mpheta sizingakhale mlengalenga kwa mphindi zopitilira 15. Ngati mbalame siziloledwa kugwada, zidzafa. Umu ndi momwe zidalili pakati pa zaka zapitazi ku PRC. Poganizira mpheta ngati tizirombo, akuluakuluwo adalengeza kuti "akumenya nkhondo". Mbalamezi zinkapewa kubwezedwa.
Mbalame zosamuka zimachita mosiyana. Amatha kuthawa osati mkwiyo waumunthu, komanso chisanu. Mbalame zimauluka makilomita mazana ambiri osapuma. Cholinga chake ndikumwera ndi chakudya chochuluka komanso kutentha. Komabe, mbalame zosamuka zimatha kukhala pansi.
Ku England kasupeyu, mbalame zotchedwa Swillows zinawulukira chakumwera patatha mwezi umodzi ndi theka kuposa masiku onse, ndipo mitundu ina yambiri ya mbalame idakana kwathunthu kusamuka. Cholinga chake ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwapakati pachaka. Kwa zaka 10 zapitazi, zawonjezeka ndi digiri imodzi. Russia sinakhudzidwebe pakusintha kwanyengo. Mndandanda wa mbalame zosamuka m'malo opezeka pakhomo sizinasinthe.
Chidziwitso cha nkhalango
Imasokonezedwa ndi bomba la nkhalango, warbler, warbler. The Accentor ndi imodzi mwazimbalame zomwe akatswiri odziwa zamankhwala okha ndi omwe amadziwa, ngakhale ndizofala m'nkhalango. Alenje amakumana ndi nthenga limodzi ndi zokongoletsera zagolide.
Maonekedwe a mbalameyi ndiwosaoneka. Nthengawo ndi imvi. Kukula kwake ndikochepa. Kulemera kwa thupi kwa Accentor sikupitilira magalamu 25. Anthu ambiri amasokoneza mbalame ndi mpheta. Pali chowonadi chochuluka mmenemo. Accentor ndi ya dongosolo la odutsa.
Accentor amadya tizilombo. Izi zimalimbikitsa mbalameyi kuti iwuluke chakumwera. Komabe, mbalameyi imapirira mpaka kuzizira kwambiri ndipo imabwerera kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yachisanu. Zowona, imapita "chammbali" kwa Accentor. Atafika, mbalameyo nthawi yomweyo imaikira mazira. Kunalibe zomera panobe. Ndizosatheka kubisa zomangamanga. Mazira amadyedwa ndi zilombo zolusa. Anapiye amaswa kokha pa clutch yachiwiri.
Kulekerera kwa Accentor nyengo yozizira kumalimbikitsidwa ndikutha kusintha kuchokera ku zakudya zamapuloteni kupita ku zamasamba. M'malo mwa tizilombo, mbalameyo imatha kudya zipatso ndi mbewu. Chifukwa chake, m'malo omwe nyengo imakhala yotentha, ma accentors samauluka konse. Mbalame zochokera kumadera akumpoto a dzikolo zimathamangira kumwera.
Ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amadziwa Accentor, imafanana kwambiri ndi mpheta, ndipo nthawi zambiri imasokonezeka ndi mbalame yodziwika bwino
Kupanga bango
Kunja, imawonekeranso ngati mpheta komanso ndiyodutsa anthu odutsa. Mbalameyi imakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zam'mwera kwa Russia. Mwa iwo, oatmeal amafunafuna zitsamba zamatchire, mabango. Zimakhala ngati pobisalira mbalame.
Amasankha kukhala ku Russia nthawi yozizira pokonza chisa pafupi ndi famuyo. M'minda yamagulu, mutha kupindula ndi tirigu chaka chonse. Mbalame zodutsa zimakonda oats. Chifukwa chake dzina la mbalame.
MU mbalame zosamuka "zolembedwa »kuthamangitsidwa m'nkhalango kuchokera kumadera okhala ndi nyengo yovuta. Kuchokera pamenepo, mbalame zimakhamukira kumadzulo kwa Europe kapena ku Mediterranean.
Wren
Ndi kambalame kakang'ono kokhala ndi mawu omveka. Thupi la 10 sentimita ndi magalamu 12 limakhala ndi mphamvu ya woyimba wa opera. Wren trill ndi yachiwiri kokha kwa mausiku.
Mverani kuyimba kwa ma wren
Mbalame wren amatchulidwa chifukwa chosankha malo okhala. Amasandulika udzu. Izi zitha kukhala ferns, bango, kapena lunguzi.
The wren ali ndi subspecies zingapo. Ndiwo ndege zaku America. Mbalame zaku Russia zimachotsedwa mnyumba zawo m'nthawi yanjala komanso kuzizira kwambiri.
Mbalameyi imakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango, choncho amatchedwa wren
Kutsiriza
Ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 16, mbalameyi imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 25. Chifukwa chake, nthenga za finch ndizochepa, koma ndizofunika kuzifufuza. Makolo athu ankaganiza choncho. Anasankha nthenga za buluu ndi zobiriwira za zanyama monga zithumwa.
Mbalameyi imakhalanso ndi utoto wa beige-lalanje. Nthenga za pachifuwa chomalizira "adasefukira" nacho. Pali mabala akuda pamutu, mapiko ndi mchira.
Pali mikwingwirima yoyera pamapiko a mbalame. Izi ndizosiyana ndi mbalame zina. Pali zoposa 400 za iwo padziko lapansi. Ku Russia, mbalameyi imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazofala kwambiri. Mbalamezi zimaulukira ku Africa m'nyengo yozizira. Mbalamezi zimayenda ulendo waung'ono kwambiri.
Mbalame zosamuka zimauluka kwa mbozi, kafadala, mphutsi, ntchentche. Tizilombo tokha ndi tomwe timakhala pa ptah menyu. Zowona, mbalamezi zili pangozi. Nthawi zambiri mbalameyi imagwa nyama zikuluzikulu chifukwa chanzeru ikamaimba. Kutulutsa ma trill, mbalamezi zimaponya mitu yawo kumbuyo, kusiya kukumbukira zomwe zikuchitika mozungulira.
Mverani kwa chaffinch akuyimba
Chaffinch nthawi zambiri amakodwa ndi nyama zomwe zimawononga panthawi yoimba, chifukwa zimasokonezeka kwambiri ndikuponyanso mutu wake kumbuyo
Common oriole
Gawo lakutsogolo la thupi lake ndi lachikaso, pomwe mapiko, mchira ndi gawo lakumbuyo ndi lakuda. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi chigoba chakuda ndi mchira wowala. Awa amakhala ku Africa. Ma orioles aku Russia amathawira kumeneko kokha m'nyengo yozizira. M'nyengo yachisanu, mbalame zimasowa mbozi, agulugufe, agulugufe ndi tizilombo tina. Ndiwo chakudya chambiri cha ku Oriole.
Mayina osuntha a mbalame, monga mukuwonera, nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe akunja kapena azakudya, moyo. Njira yomaliza ndiyofunikira ma orioles. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'matanthwe a msondodzi m'mphepete mwa madzi.
Komabe, akatswiri azilankhulo komanso olemba mbiri yakale amagwirizanitsa dzina la mbalameyo ndi liwu loti "chinyezi". Asilavo akale ankaganiza kuti oriole ndi chizindikiro cha mvula.
Oriole amaonedwa kuti ndi amene amabweretsa mvula
Crane
Adawonekera koyambirira kuposa mbalame zambiri. Banja la cranes latha zaka 60 miliyoni. Oimira mitundu 15 adapulumuka mpaka zaka za m'ma 2000.
Cranes amakhala pafupi ndi madambo ndi minda yolimidwa ndi anthu. Kumapeto kwake, mbalame zimadya njere ndi mbewu, ndipo m'madamu amapeza achule, nsomba, kumwa.
Kumwera gulu la mbalame zosamuka kuthamanga, kufola mzere. Imayang'aniridwa ndi cranes olimba kwambiri. Ziphuphu zamapiko awo amphamvu zimapanga maukadaulo omwe amathandiza kuti zitsanzo zazing'ono ziziuluka.
Lark wam'munda
Zojambula zofiirira, zofiirira, imvi, chikasu malankhulidwe. Mitunduyi imathandizira kuti lark isochere pakati paminda yomwe imakhalamo. Apa, kumayambiriro kwa masika, lark amakonzekeretsa zisa kuchokera ku udzu ndi nthambi zowonda.
Lark, osadziwika chifukwa cha utoto wawo wobisika, sawonekeranso kukula kwake. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalame sikumapitilira masentimita 25. Kumbali inayi, khunguyo lili ndi mawu omveka bwino, okweza komanso osangalatsa. Amapereka kuti pali mbalame yosamuka kwinakwake pafupi.
Kuyimba lark
Lark amapita kumadera ofunda koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira, ndikubwerera kumapeto kwa masika. Izi zikuwonetsa kusalolera kwa mbalame ngakhale kuzizira, ngakhale kuzizira.
Kumeza
Mitundu yam'mizinda, yam'minda ndi yam'mbali ku Russia Zonse kusamukasamuka. Mbalame m'dzinja kuwuluka makilomita 9,000-12,000 kuchokera kwawo. Pakati pa anthu odutsa, omwe amaphatikizapo akumeza, awa ndi maulendo ataliatali kwambiri.
Pa ntchentche, akalulu amakwanitsa kudya ntchentche, kugona ngakhale kumwa. Kotsirizira, wina amayenera kutsikira pamadzi, kutulutsa chinyezi ndikuthamanga kwa mphezi ndi milomo.
M'mbiri yawo yonse, akameza akhala zizindikilo za chiyembekezo, zopepuka komanso zizindikilo za mayiko, mwachitsanzo, Estonia. Dzikoli lapereka ndalama ya platinamu yokhala ndi ma kroon 100. Pomeza zitatu zimawonetsedwa polemba. Amagwira nthambi ndi miyendo yawo. Mbalame ziwiri zimakhala mwakachetechete, ndipo yachitatu imatambasula mapiko ake.
Cuckoo
Funso "cuckoo, ndiyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yayitali bwanji" m'nyengo yozizira silothandiza. Mbalameyi imawulukira kumwera kwa Africa. Mwa njira, amuna okha omwe amaphika. Zazikazi zamtunduwu zimatulutsa mawu ochepa omwe samveka khutu la munthu.
Pankhani yokhudza maukwati, cuckoos ndi amodzi. Mbalame zimasintha anzawo. Yaamuna, mwachitsanzo, imatha kuthira manyowa 5-6 patsiku. Iwo akukonzekera kukwatira mwanjira yapadera, posankha gawo lokhala ndi zisa zambiri za mbalame zina. Mwa iwo, ma cuckoos amaponyera mazira awo ndikupitanso kukasaka bwenzi.
Mverani mawu amphaka wamba
Khalintukh
Ndi za dongosolo la nkhunda ndipo kunja kwake ndizosiyana pang'ono ndi nkhunda zaku mzinda. Komabe, Klintuh amakhala m'nkhalango zochepa, osati m'nkhalango za mafakitale. Nthenga ikukhazikika m'mapanga a mitengo ikuluikulu. Chifukwa chake, kukula kwaling'ono kwamitengo ya thundu sikugwirizana ndi nkhunda. Mbalameyi ikuyang'ana nkhalango ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yamphamvu.
Chisa cha Clintuchs m'maenje. Mazira amaikidwa pobwera kuchokera m'mbali zotentha. Tsankho lozizira ndi kusiyana kwina ndi nkhunda wamba.
Klintukha imatha kusokonezedwa ndi nkhunda chifukwa chofanana nayo kwambiri
Woodcock
Uwu ndi mtundu wa oponya mchenga. Imasiyana ndi kubadwa kwake ndi maso ake akulu, "atatembenuzidwira" kumbuyo kwa mutu. Mlomo wautali umawonekeranso. Ndi yopanda mkati, chifukwa chake ndikosavuta kuposa momwe ikuwonekera.
Nkhuntho imafuna mulomo wautali kuti igwire mphutsi, tizilombo, achule ndi molluscs. Mbalame imazichotsa pansi, silt. Pofunafuna chakudya, mbalameyi imakhala nthawi yayitali pansi.
Sandpiper imakhala ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana, koma mumitundu yachilengedwe. Brown amatsogolera. Chifukwa cha nthenga, khungwa limasokonezedwa mosavuta ndikamayambira nkhalango ndi minda. Mwa omwe akufuna kupindula ndi sandpiper pali munthu. Nkhukhu imakhala ndi nyama, chakudya chokoma.
Pokambirana za mbalame zosamuka Woodcock amatchulidwa moyenera. Mu Seputembala, mbalame zonse zaanthu zimachoka m'malo otseguka aku Russia. Sandpipers amabwerera mkatikati mwa Epulo.
Chifukwa cha utoto wosiyanasiyana, nkhalangoyi imabisala bwino m'malo athaphwi
Lumikizani
Mbalame yaying'ono yomwe ili ndi bere loyera ndi kubwerera kumbuyo kwake imayenda m'mphepete mwa mchenga pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Mlomo wa mbalameyi ndi wa lalanje wokhala ndi nsonga yakuda. Amagwira tayi m'mphepete mwa nyanja chifukwa cha nyongolotsi, mollusks, mbozi.
Ndi kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi masentimita 20, tayeyo amalemera magalamu 40-80. Mutha kukumana ndi mbalame mu tundra ndi nkhalango-tundra zaku Russia. Kugwa, ma tayi amatumizidwa kumwera kwa Asia, ku America kapena Africa.
Msuzi wachitsamba
Mbalameyi ndi yayikulu, mpaka kutalika kwa 95 sentimita. Unyolo wa nyama ndi 1.5-2 kilogalamu. Mbalameyi imatetezedwa pamene anthu akuchepa. Ku Russia, herons ofiira a Red Book samamwalira kwambiri ndi alenje, koma chifukwa cha kuzizira.
Anthu ambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo chokhala mdzikolo nthawi yozizira. Zaka zambiri za chipale chofewa, mbewa zakuda zimapulumuka mosavuta. Ponena za nyengo yachisanu yomwe imakhala ndi matalala akulu, nthawi zambiri mbalame sizingathe "kupambana".
Zomwe mbalame zimasamukira kuchokera kwa amchere, ndi omwe sali, ndizovuta kumvetsetsa. Munthu m'modzi yemweyo atha kukhala ku Russia chaka chimodzi ndikusiya chaka china. Mbalamezi zimapita ku Africa, ku Chipululu cha Sahara.
Atsitsi achikungu ndi amanyazi. Poona ngoziyo, mbalamezo zikunyamuka. Nthawi yomweyo, ntchentche nthawi zambiri zimasiya anapiye awo ndi zida zawo. Mwachitsanzo, a wren amayerekezera kuti avulala ndipo, pachiwopsezo chake, amakhala ndi nyama zolusa, kuteteza anawo.
Zamgululi
Ichi ndi thrush. Mbalameyi imagwira ntchito, ikuwoneka ngati yovuta, imangobwereza "chak, chak, chak". Phokoso la mamvekedwe limaperekedwa ndikumunda. Nthawi zambiri, phokoso limapangidwa kuchokera kumawu ambiri. Mbalame za mbalame zimakhala pafupi ndi zinzake. Nthawi zambiri mumakhala mabanja 30-40 akumunda m'munda.
Mverani nyimbo za m'munda
Mbalame zimakhala m'mapolisi ndi m'mapaki. Pafupifupi theka la anthuwa amapulumuka nthawi yozizira ku Russia, akuyendayenda kuti akapeze chakudya m'malo ndi malo. Hafu ina ya ma thrush imasamukira ku Asia Minor komanso kumpoto kwa Africa.
Omenyera nkhondoyo apanga njira yapadera yodzitetezera kwa adani. Mbalamezi zimawapopera ndowe zawo. Ziphuphu zimachita izi, mwachitsanzo, ndi akhwangwala. Phwando lotsiriza pamunda ndi mazira awo.
Redstart
Ndi mbalame yodutsa ndi mchira wofiira. Kuwala kwake kumatikumbutsa za malawi. M'mafilimu atsopano, komabe, mtunduwo ndi nondescript. Umakhala wowala pofika zaka chimodzi ndi theka.
Mwa mitundu 14 ya gorihvostok Nigella amakhala ku Russia. Kupatula mchira, ili ndi nthenga zakuda. Kuchokera kumwera, amuna ndiwo oyamba kubwerera ku Russia kuti akamange zisa. Mbalame amazikhazika m'tchire, m'maenje, pamitengo ya mitengo. Nyumba zikakonzeka, zazikazi ndi mbalame zazing'ono zimafika. Monga lamulo, uku ndikumayambiriro kwa Meyi.
Redstarts amadyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Mlomo ukakhala waulere, mbalame zimayimba. Mbalamezi zikuwoneka kuti zimachita izi mosalekeza. Redstarts adakwanitsa kukopa chidwi ndi kuyimba kwawo ndi utoto. Mu 2015, mtunduwo udadziwika kuti ndi mbalame yapachaka.
Mverani mawu a redstart
Pachithunzicho, mbalame yoyambiranso
Wankhondo
Mbalame yowirira mpaka masentimita 11 kutalika. Pali mitundu itatu yomwe ikukhala ku Russia. Amakhala kulikonse kupatula ku Far East ndi Yakutia. M'madera ena, chiffchaffs amapanga zisa zazinyumba.
Ziwombankhanga zimakhala ndi mawu osangalatsa. Amuna amakonda kwambiri kuimba nthawi yogona. Ma trill amalowetsedwa ndi mluzu. Mutha kuwamvera kunyumba. Mapensulo ndiosavuta kuweta. Ali mu ukapolo, mbalame zimakhala zaka 12. Mwachilengedwe, zaka za ptah ndi zaka 2-3.
Mverani mawu awombankhanga
Posakhala woweta, mbalameyi imawulukira kumwera chapakatikati pa Seputembala. Mbalame zimabwerera kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April.
Deryaba
Limatanthauza thrush. Mitunduyi imatchedwanso kuti imvi yayikulu. Sikuti anthu onse amapita kumwera. Omwe adayika pachiwopsezo chokhala m'nyengo yozizira amasintha kuchokera ku zakudya zamapuloteni monga mphutsi ndi tizilombo kupita ku zipatso zozizira.
Deryaba ndi wamanyazi. Chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kuwona mbalame m'chilengedwe, ngakhale itakhala ndi nthenga komanso kukula kwa nkhunda. Ndiye wamkulu kwambiri m'banja lake.
Kupweteka kwa miser
Nightingale
Nyimbo za nightingale zimadutsa m'nkhalango zikakutidwa ndi masamba. Asanawonekere zobiriwira, mbalame sizimapereka ma trill, ngakhale amafika ku Russia koyambirira. Monga lamulo, mbalame zimabwerera masiku 6-7 tsiku lachilengedwe lisanafike.
Mverani ma trill a nightingale
Chikondi cha nightingale chimawonetsedwa munkhani zowerengeka, zipilala ndi malo owonetsera zakale operekedwa kwa mbalameyi. Ku Kursk, mwachitsanzo, pali chiwonetsero "Kursk Nightingale". Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakaleyi ili ndi zojambulajambula zokhala ndi chithunzi cha nthenga, mabuku okhudza iye. M'mabuku mutha kuwerenga kuti chisa cha nightingles pafupi ndi madzi m'nkhalango zamatchire kapena adani.
Nightingales amadyera kokha tizirombo ta m'minda ndi nkhalango. Mbozi ndi mbozi zimalowa m'mimba mwa mbalame. Mbalame zoyimba sizikonzeka kusinthana kuti zibzale chakudya, motero zimathamangira kumadera otentha nthawi yogwa.
Zonse pamodzi, pafupifupi mitundu 60 ya mbalame zosamukira ku Russia zimamanga chisa. Ambiri a iwo ndi subspecies za mbalame imodzi, monga momwe ziliri ndi warbler. Pokonzekera kunyamuka, mbalamezi zimadzikongoletsa kudzala. Muyenera kusungitsa mphamvu, chifukwa sizotheka nthawi zonse kutsitsimutsa panjira.
Ndi zovuta panjira ndikukonzekera pang'ono, ziweto zosamuka zimatha kufa. Chifukwa chake, mbalame zikwizikwi sizibwerera kwawo chaka chilichonse. Atasowa panjira, amakhalabe chizindikiro cha kulimba mtima, chidwi chofuna kuphunzira mawonekedwe atsopano zivute zitani.
