Zinyama zaku Europe, kusiyanasiyana kwake komanso mawonekedwe ake
Europe si kontinenti yayikulu kwambiri, komabe ikukhala kudera lalikulu la Eurasia komwe kuli pafupifupi makilomita 10 miliyoni2... Gawo la gawo lino lapansi limayambira kumadzulo kuchokera kunyanja ya Atlantic mpaka kumapiri a Ural kum'mawa.
Ndi malire ake akumpoto, kontrakitala imapuma kuzizira, makamaka yokutidwa ndi ayezi wakufa, nyanja. Ndipo kumwera, dera la Mediterranean limadutsa ku Africa kotentha.
Kwenikweni, malo achilengedwe amaimiridwa ndi zigwa, ndipo gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu ndi limodzi lokhalamo anthu amakhala m'mapiri. Nyengo yam'madera osiyanasiyana imapangitsa kugawidwa kwa kontrakitala kukhala madera achilengedwe: kuchokera kuzipululu za arctic ndi tundra yopanda malire mpaka kumadera achipululu komanso otentha. Malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili, oimira nyama omwe amakhala aliyense wa iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe awo.
M'zaka masauzande apitawa, kontinenti yaku Europe inali imodzi mwamaofesi achitukuko, pomwe mafakitale anali kukula mwachangu, madera ochulukirapo adagonjetsedwa ngati malo olimapo.
Poona izi, nyama zamtchire, zomera komanso nyama dziko la europe, omwe kale anali olemera kwambiri, anachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono ndi anthu ochokera kumayiko akale.
Zachidziwikire, izi zidasokoneza chilengedwe cha zomera ndi zinyama, komanso anthu omwe akuyimira. Mitundu yambiri yazamoyo yatsika kwambiri, kapena yasowa kwathunthu padziko lapansi. Chiwerengero chokwanira cha iwo tsopano chatsala pang'ono kutha.
Komabe, ufumu wachilengedwe ukupitilizabe moyo wake mpaka lero, ndipo nyama za ku ulaya osasiya kudabwa ndi mitundu yawo yosangalatsa. Mitundu ina yazolowera, ikukhazikika pafupi ndi anthu.
Oimira zinyama zina, zotetezedwa m'malo osungidwa ndi malo osungira nyama, amapezeka ndikuberekana m'malo awo achilengedwe. Mmodzi mwa ngodya zoterezi ndi Belovezhskaya Pushcha - chinthu chosungira zachilengedwe chofunikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe zithunzi za namwali zimatha kukhudza mtima wa aliyense ndi kukongola kwawo koyera.
Ambiri mwa oimira nyama zaku Europe amakhala mdera lamapiri osakanikirana komanso osakanikirana, komanso madera a taiga. Komanso mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo imakhala m'mapiri, tundra ndi theka-chipululu.
Zithunzi za nyama za ku Europe zokhala ndi mayina, komanso zambiri zokhudzana ndi moyo ndi tsatanetsatane wa mawonekedwe akunja a mamembala aufumuwu, zomwe zimadziwika, makamaka, mosiyanasiyana, zidzafotokozedwa pansipa.
Nkhumba zabwino
Pali mitundu yambiri ya agwape. Amasiyana mtundu, kukula ndi kapangidwe ka thupi, komanso mawonekedwe a nyanga. Ena oimira banja la nswala, okhala ndi kutalika kwa mita ziwiri, amafika pafupifupi 200 kg. Mitundu ina ndi yocheperako kawiri, ndi misa yochepera kanayi.
Mphalapala wofiira pakati pa anzawo ndiwotchuka moyenerera chifukwa cha thupi lowonda, losangalatsa ndi khosi lake lalitali, mamangidwe olingana ndi utoto wachikaso wonyezimira.
Ali ndi mutu wolumikizidwa komanso mphumi pang'ono. Amuna amaonekera ndi nyanga zama nthambi - chida chachikulu pakulimbana ndi omenyera akazi. Mtundu wa zolengedwa zokongolazi, womwe ulibe mawanga nthawi yotentha, umadziwika ndi chikasu chofiirira. Nyama zotere zimakhala m'malo opyapyala komanso m'nkhalango, zokhala ndi maudzu obiriwira, omwe amakhala makamaka kotentha.
Pachithunzicho muli nswala yofiira
Mphalapala
Nthawi ina, mphalapala zinathandiza munthu kudziwa kumpoto, ndipo tsopano zikugwirabe ntchito kumayiko ang'onoang'ono okhala m'madera ovuta achisanu. Izi ndi zokongola, zazikulu zazikulu, okhala m'nkhalango ndi tundra.
Miyendo yawo yayifupi samawalepheretsa kuthamanga mwachisangalalo komanso mwachangu. Ubweya wawo wofunda, wotuwa, pafupifupi yoyera, ubweya uli ndi mawonekedwe apadera omwe amawathandiza kupulumuka m'malo ovuta.
Tsitsi lawo, lopanda mkati, limadzaza ndi mpweya, womwe umangopulumutsa ku chisanu choopsa, koma umapangitsa kuti zolengedwa zotere zisambe bwino. Izi nyama zakumpoto kwa europe Amakonda kusangalala ndi mphalapala wa mphalapala, womwe umakuta nthaka yamitundumalu yopanda malire, chifukwa chake ambiri amatcha mbewa za mphalapala.
Amuna ochokera ku mtundu wa mphalapala, pamodzi ndi amuna, ali ndi nyanga zapamwamba, zomwe ndizosiyana ndi abale ena, momwe amuna okha ndi omwe amatha kudzitamandira ndi zokongoletsera zoterezi. Zida zotere mobwerezabwereza zinawapulumutsa pomenya nkhondo ndi otsutsa oopsa, omwe ambiri mwa iwo ndi mimbulu ndi nkhandwe.
Mphalapala
Kalulu
Kanyama kakang'ono kodziwika kamakhala ndi thupi lochepa, lomwe nthawi zambiri silipitilira 7 kg. Mutu wa zolengedwa izi umakongoletsedwa ndi makutu ooneka ngati mphero, chifukwa chake ndimakutu akumva bwino, amakula kwambiri kuposa kukhudza ndi kununkhiza.
Chinthu china chosiyana ndi nyama zotere ndi miyendo yayitali, chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zomwe mahatchi amakhala ndi mwayi wobisalira adani awo.
Mtundu wa khungu lawo umadalira nyengo: nthawi yotentha ubweya uli ndi bulauni, bulauni kapena utoto wotuwa, nthawi yachisanu imakhala yoyera kapena yoyera, yomwe idapanga maziko a miyambi ndi zonena.
Ndi nsonga zokhazokha za makutu a zolengedwa zosachedwa kukhalabe zomwe zimakhala zakuda chaka chonse. Mtundu wa hares umaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri. Kalulu woyera amakhala kumpoto kwa Europe ndi ku Russia. Kalulu waku Europe amapezeka ku nkhalango zaku Europe. Mitundu ina ya hares yathawira ku kontrakitala, koma yonse sikudziwika kwenikweni.
Chimbalangondo chofiirira
Kunena zowona, chinyama ichi sichimakhala chofiirira nthawi zonse, koma chimatha kukhala chakuda, chosiyana ndi ubweya wofiirira kapena wachikaso, ngakhale kutuluka ndi utoto wofiyira.
Mwa nyama zolusa padziko lapansi, chimbalangondo chofiirira chiwonedwa kuti ndichoyimira zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pokhala ndi malo okhala ambiri m'malo ambiri padziko lapansi, imakhalanso pakati nyama za ku Ulaya. Kwambiri cholengedwa chachikulu cha zimbalangondo zofiirira ku kontinenti yaku Europe zitha kupezeka ku Scandinavia.
Kulemera kwa zitsanzo za mamembala amtundu wa chimbalangondo kumatha kufika ku 400 kg. Chimbalangondo chofiirira chimakhala ndi thupi lamphamvu lopangidwa ndi mbiya lokhala ndi mawonekedwe okwera kwambiri. Pansi pake pamakhala mapazi osalala.
Mwa izi komanso momwe amayendera, kulowa mkati, mamembala am'banjali adalandira dzina loti: phazi lamiyendo. Mphumi zawo ndizokwera, mkamwa wawo walitali, mutu wawo ndi wozungulira.
Zimbalangondo ndi nyama zowopsa, makamaka ndizoyipa, koma kuchokera m'nthano zimadziwika momwe zolengedwa izi zimakondera uchi, komanso zipatso zamitengo, mtedza, zipatso ndi zina zambiri. Oimira zinyama izi atapezeka konsekonse ku Europe.
Tsopano, chifukwa chakuchepa kwakukulu kwa manambala, amakhala makamaka mu Kumadzulo kwa Europe, nyama amapezeka kumapiri a Apennines, Alps, Pyrenees, komanso kumapiri a Cantabrian.
Pachithunzicho ndi chimbalangondo chofiirira
Lynx
Ndi nyama yolusa komanso yolusa yomwe imapezeka m'maiko ambiri ku Europe, makamaka kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwake. Nthaka imakhala ndi thupi lalifupi komanso lolimba, lalitali mita. Mtundu wa nyama ukhoza kukhala wofiirira kapena wotuwa. Mphuno ndi yaing'ono komanso yozungulira, pali ngayaye m'makutu, ndi "zotupa zam'mbali" pa ndevu.
Manjawa ndi okutidwa ndi ubweya wambiri, womwe umakupatsani mwayi wosuntha momasuka, osazizira, mukugwa matalala. Kwa moyo wonse, zolengedwa izi zimasankha nkhalango zakuya, komwe zimasaka bwino nzika zawo, ndikuukira omwe amazunzidwa mwachangu.
Nyama yaku Europe ya lynx
Wolverine
Pali mitundu iwiri ya nyama izi, imodzi mwa iyo imakhala ku Europe. Wolverine ndi nthumwi yayikulu ya banja la weasel, nyama yachilendo kwambiri, yolusa komanso yoopsa, imakwera mitengo mwangwiro, imasaka usiku, nthawi zambiri imamenya nyama zofooka komanso zovulala, osanyoza zakufa.
Mawonekedwe a thupi la wolverine amatalikitsidwa, thupi limakhala lolimba, lothyola chifukwa chamiyendo yayifupi. Ili ndi ubweya wosalala, wakuda komanso wautali. Amapezeka ku Scandinavia ndi madera akumpoto chakum'mawa kwa kontrakitala.
Pachithunzicho ndi wolverine
Chimbalangondo chakumtunda
M'zipululu zozizira za Arctic, posankha malo achisanu ndi madzi otseguka, chilombo chachikulu ichi chimakhala, chosintha moyenera kukhala m'malo ovuta.
Eni ake osaka ayezi okha, amadyera makamaka zisindikizo. Kuphimba mphuno yakuda ndi khasu - malo okhawo omwe amawonekera motsutsana ndi ubweya woyera pakati pa chipale chofewa, mochenjera komanso mosamala, ngati azondi, amazembera nyama, kupumula mosasamala pa ayezi, ndikupha akagwidwa ndi nkhonya imodzi.
Zimbalangondo za Polar ndizovomerezeka kulowa nawo mndandandandawo nyama zazikulu zaku Europe... Kulemera kwa chirombo ichi, mosiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa amuna ndi akazi, kumafikira mazana ma kilogalamu.
Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako, nthawi zambiri osapitirira 150 kg. Koma zitsanzo za amuna ndizosangalatsa. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa iwo kumatengedwa ngati pafupifupi tani.
Nkhandwe
Kunja, nyama izi, zomwe zimakhala mdera lalikulu la kontrakitala, zimawoneka ngati agalu akulu okhala ndi thupi lolimba mwamphamvu ndi miyendo yayitali yayitali. Amakhala ndi mutu waukulu, makutu osongoka, mchira wakuda theka la mita, nthawi zambiri amagwera pansi.
Pakamwa pa nyamakazi yotchuka inali ndi mano 42. Ankhandwe achichepere amabwera kudziko lino ndi maso abuluu, koma posakhalitsa amakhala ndi utoto wagolide wachikaso kapena lalanje, wowala moopsa mumdima, wowopsa ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, amachenjeza omwe akhudzidwa ndi mdani woopsa uyu.
Fox
Wotetedwa ndi canine akulemera makilogalamu 10. Ili ndi thupi laling'ono lotalika lokhala ndi miyendo ing'onoing'ono yomwe imathera m'manja mwabwino, momwe nkhandweyo imayendera modekha komanso mwakachetechete poyenda.
Zilombozi zimakhala ndi mchira wautali, womwe umawathandiza kuti azikhala olimba pamene akuthamanga kwambiri. Pofunafuna nyama yawo, amatha kupikisana mwamphamvu ndi galimoto. Nkhandwe zimatulutsa phokoso lofuula, nthawi zambiri zimafotokoza zomwe zikuzungulira pakasewera masewera.
Ng'ombe ya musk
Kuyimira banja la bovids, ndi wachibale wapafupi wa mbuzi ndi nkhosa zamphongo. Zamoyo zotere zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo kwambiri (monga mukuwonera chithunzi). Nyama mkati Europe wopezeka ku Sweden ndi Norway.
Ng'ombe ya musk imakutidwa ndi coarse wandiweyani, m'malo ena tsitsi lalitali kwambiri, lomwe limadziwika ndi chovala chofewa chamkati. Tsitsi lawo kumbuyo kwake ndi lofiirira, anthu oyera amadziwika. Amawomba chaka chilichonse kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.
Nyanga zokhala ndimalo osalala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira zimapangitsa mawonekedwe a nyama izi kukhala osangalatsa kwambiri. Zodzikongoletsera zoterezi zimapezeka pamutu pafupi wina ndi mnzake, zolekanitsidwa kokha ndi kamphindi kakang'ono kamadzi kapena ubweya. Ng'ombe za Musk zimakhala ndi ziweto. Izi ndi nyama zazikulu, zokhoza kufikira mamitala awiri kukula kwake.
Musk ng'ombe yamphongo
Njati
Komabe nyama yayikulu kwambiri ku Europe njati - woyimira womaliza wa ng'ombe zamtchire kudera lino lapansi, wachibale wapamtima wa njati zaku America.
Pomwe zolengedwa zoterezi zinali zochulukirapo, zosakhudzidwa ndi aliyense, zimangoyendayenda m'nkhalango zowirira kum'mwera chakum'mawa, kumadzulo komanso pakati pa kontinenti ya Europe.
Nyama zimakhala m'malo otentha. Kunja, amafanana kwambiri ndi ng'ombe zamphongo, ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu, koma chopapatiza. Mutu wawo waukulu, wokhala ndi nyanga zazitali zopindika, amadziwika ndi mphumi lalikulu.
Thupi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazi, njati zinali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuti ziwonongedwa. Ndipo kokha kuyesayesa kopanda dyera kwa asayansi, ogwira ntchito za zinyama ndi anthu wamba adathandizira kusunga nyama zabwinozi kuti zidzakhale m'tsogolo.
Njati pachithunzichi
Hedgehog
Izi zokongola, zopanda vuto, zokutidwa ndi singano, chinyama chimapezeka ku Europe. Amakhala m'nkhalango ndi m'mapiri, amatha kukhazikika ndikubweretsa ana ake m'minda pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu.
Nthawi zambiri nyamayo imapezeka ikubisala m'malo okhala ndiudzu wobiriwira. Chizolowezi chake chodzipendekera mu mpira wonyezimira panthawi yamavuto amadziwika ndi ambiri. Ma Hedgehogs ali ndi mphuno yayitali, yowoneka bwino komanso yosangalatsa. Zimathandiza kwambiri kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Elk
M'banja la agwape, nyamayi imawerengedwa kuti ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo potengera kutalika kwa mita itatu pakati pa omasulidwa, ndiyachiwiri kwa nyamalikiti. Koma thupi lake ndi lalifupi, koma miyendo yake ndi yayitali kwambiri.
Mutu wolemera umakongoletsedwa ndi nyerere zamtundu wa elk, ndizochepa ndipo zimafikira kumbali. Kusaka kosadziletsa ndiko makamaka kunapangitsa kuti awa awonongeke nyama... Za Mayiko aku Europe tsopano akupezeka makamaka ku Scandinavia komanso kudera la mayiko ena mbali ino ya dziko lapansi.
Zithunzi moose
Nguluwe
Nkhumba yayikulu yakutchire yomwe imakhala, monga lamulo, kumadera akumadzulo kwa kontrakitala, yomwe kulemera kwake nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa kotala la tani. Ndi nyama yolimba yomwe ili ndi mutu waukulu komanso mphuno yosunthika.
Miyendo ya nguluwe ndi yochepa. Komabe, imathamanga ndikudumpha mwangwiro. Thupi lake, lotsalira ndi mchira wawung'ono wokhala ndi ngayaye, wokutidwa ndi ubweya wofiirira, wamvi.
Awa ndianthu okhala m'nkhalango za thundu komanso nkhalango zotambalala, omwe amakonda kudya zipatso, kumadzikundika ngati nkhumba zonse m'matope ndikutenthetsa mimba yawo padzuwa. Amapezekanso m'nkhalango, makamaka m'mitsinje, yomwe m'mbali mwake mwadzaza udzu.
Banja lanyama
Weasel
Ngakhale dzinalo, ndi loopsa komanso lodetsa nkhawa, koma labwino komanso losangalatsa nyama yaying'ono, yomwe kutalika kwake kumakhala kopitilira masentimita 25. Ubweya wa nyama ya banja la weasel uli ndi utoto wofiirira, khosi ndi mimba zokha ndizoyera.
Zikopa za zolengedwa zazing'onozi sizofunika kwenikweni, ndipo sizovuta konse kusaka nyama yoyipa, chifukwa chake, munthu si mdani wamkulu wa weasel, koma atha kukhala nyama yolusa.
Ma Weasel ndi othandiza kwambiri, amapha makoswe ambiri. Nyamazi zimapezeka m'malo odzazidwa ndi tchire, ndikubisala m'miyala.
Wanyama weasel
Ferret
Nyama yolemera pafupifupi 2 kg imakhalanso m'banja la weasel. Thupi la nyamayi lotalika limakhala lalitali komanso limasinthasintha, limakhala lamiyendo chifukwa cha miyendo yochepa.
Pa zala za nyama pali zikhadabo zamphamvu kwambiri zazitali, zomwe zimathandiza kuti nyamayo ikumbe maenje akuya ndikukwera mitengo. Kuphatikiza apo, ma ferrets amasambira bwino, ndikudumpha pansi.
Mtundu wa ubweya wokongola komanso wofewa wa nyama ukhoza kukhala wakuda, wamchenga komanso woyera. Zikopa za Ferret zimawonedwa ngati zamtengo wapatali, zomwe zidapangitsa kuwonongedwa kwakukulu kwa anthu.
Ferret pachithunzichi
Otter
Osati nyama yayikulu kwambiri yodya, yolemera pafupifupi 10 kg. Nyama izi zimathera nthawi yochuluka m'madzi, zimadyetsa nsomba ndi zinyama, komanso zimadya mazira a makoswe ndi mbalame.
Amasambira mwaluso, ndipo akamadumphira pansi, amatha kupuma nthawi yayitali. Monga oimira onse a banja la weasel, ali ndi thupi losinthasintha modabwitsa komanso tinthu tating'onoting'ono, komanso okhala ndi nembanemba.
Mano ndi zikhadabo zawo ndi zakuthwa ndithu. Mchira ndi waminyezi komanso yayitali. Ubweya wapadera wa otter ndiwofunika kwambiri, chifukwa umavala modabwitsa. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 17 ya nyama zoterezi.
Otters
Marten
Thupi laling'ono komanso lalitali la chilombochi lili pafupifupi theka la mita. Mphuno ya marten ndiyakuthwa; ili ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono amakona atatu, ozungulira achikaso. Mchira umafanana ndi theka la kutalika kwa thupi.
Khungu lakhungu la nyama limakhala ndi ubweya wofiirira wofunika. Kuphatikiza apo, tsitsi la dzinja limakhala lolemera komanso lolimba. Zilombozi zimakhala nthawi yayitali mumitengo, zikuyenda momasuka m'mbali mwa nthambi, ndikupanga kulumpha kwa mita zinayi.Amathamangiranso pansi. Moyo wokangalika umayambira nyama nyama zikayamba kulowa.
Zithunzi za martens
Sungani
Nyama ina yamtengo wapatali yobala ubweya, yomwe ubweya wawo m'nyengo yozizira imasiyanitsidwa ndi mthunzi woyera ngati chipale chofewa, womwe umatengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha kuyera kopanda mphamvu. Zikopa za cholengedwa ichi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa zovala za anthu ovala nduwira, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira mikanjo ya oweruza.
Kukula kwake, ermine ndi yaying'ono pang'ono kuposa marten. Ili ndi mutu wamakona atatu, makutu ang'onoang'ono, khosi lalitali ndi miyendo yayifupi. M'chilimwe, malaya ake amakhala amtundu wawiri: ofiira ofiira pamwambapa, owala kwambiri pansipa. Ku Ulaya, nyama imapezeka, monga lamulo, m'malo otentha, nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi.
Kutulutsa nyama
Sable
Ubweya wa nyamayi wochokera kubanja la mustelidae, kukula kwa mchira wa mphanga kumatha kukhala pafupifupi theka la kutalika kwa thupi lake, itha kukhala fawn, mchenga wachikasu, bulauni kapena wowala kwambiri. Ndi nyamayi yamphamvu komanso yodetsa nkhawa, yapakatikati, wokhala m'nkhalango. Kutalika kwake kumatha kukhala 70 cm.
Kujambulidwa ndi nyama yodyedwa
Gologolo
Nyama iyi, yomwe amadziwika kuti ndi mbewa, imakonda kwambiri nyama, kukhala ku Europe... Agologolo amakhala pamitengo, akuyenda modumpha modabwitsa kuchokera kunthambi ina kupita ku ina, sikungokhala nkhalango zakuya zokha, koma minda ndi mapaki a mizinda ikuluikulu mdziko muno.
Nyama izi zimakhala ndi makutu atali ndi thupi, mchira woyenda magawo awiri mwa atatu amakulidwe wawo ndi zikhadabo zokhala ndi zikhadabo zolimba. Ubweya wawo ndi wofiira, wakuda komanso wakuda mwamtundu. Agologolo sawopa konse anthu, ambiri a iwo amakhala pafupifupi oweta, amalandira mtedza ndi zinthu zochokera m'manja mwa anthu.
Chipmunk
Ndi za banja la agologolo ndipo amafanana ndi achibale ake m'maonekedwe. Mbewuyo imangolemera magalamu 150. Ili ndi chovala chofiirira cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mchira wautali. Chipmunk ndimakhala pamtengo, ndikukhazikika m'nkhalango zam'misondodzi, birch, chitumbuwa cha mbalame. Ku Europe, imapezeka makamaka kumadera akumpoto.
Kujambula ndi chipmunk
Gopher
Ndodo ina yochokera kubanja la agologolo. Ndi wokhala m'nkhalango-tundra, mumakhalanso madambo ndi zidutswa zazitali. Ali ndi makutu amfupi komanso miyendo yakumbuyo yayitali kwambiri.
Chovala chake chimatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: kuyambira kufiyira mpaka kubiriwira. Nyamazi zimakhala m'mabowo, zomwe zimadzikumba zokha. Okhalamo amakhala m'madera, amadyetsa zomera ndi tizilombo.
Pachithunzichi pali ma gopher
Ngamila
Anthu olimba mtima, amodzi kapena awiri achisangalalo okhala mdera louma, amatha kukhala nthawi yayitali opanda madzi, ali ndi ma thermophilic kwambiri ndipo sanakhazikike pa kontrakitala, ngakhale atayesetsa bwanji.
Komabe, zolengedwa zoterezi zimapezeka m'malo ena akum'mawa ndi Kumwera kwa Europe. Nyama khalani ndi khosi lalitali, lopindika; kuzungulira, makutu ang'onoang'ono; ubweya wopotana.
Chilengedwe chidawateteza kumchenga womwe nthawi zonse umalowa m'maso ndi m'mphuno mukamayenda m'chipululu, ndikuwapatsa mphotho zokongola komanso zopapatiza, ngati mphete. Ngamila ndi ziweto zokha.
Koma amatumikira munthuyo kwazaka zambiri. Izi "zombo zaku chipululu" zitha kuwonedwa m'minda ya alimi, mwachitsanzo, ku Kalmykia. Osati kale kwambiri, famu ya ngamila idawonekera pafupi ndi Amsterdam.
Lemming
Chimawoneka ngati hamster ndipo ndi cha banja limodzi. Nyamazo ndizochepa kwambiri, pomwe kulemera kwake kumangokhala ma g 70. Ubweyawo ndi wabulauni kapena wosiyanasiyana.
Lemming amakhala kumadera ozizira: nkhalango-tundra ndi tundra, amakonda kwambiri malo owoneka bwino okhala ndi moss - zomera zomwe zimakhala chakudya cha nyama. Kapangidwe kachilendo ka zikhadabo kamathandiza zamoyozi kukhalabe pamwamba pachipale chofewa.
Kulima nyama
Mphemvu
Tikafunsidwa za nyama yakale kwambiri ku Europe, mutha kupeza yankho losayembekezeka. Inde, wotereyu ndi tizilombo tambala, timadedwa ndi ambiri, tikuchulukirachulukira ndikukhazikika muzikhalidwe zilizonse. Zotsalira za zolengedwa izi zimapezeka mumiyala ya Paleozoic.
Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti akhala padziko lapansi zaka 320 miliyoni. Ngakhale kulakalaka kosatha kwa munthu kuzichotsa mwa njira iliyonse, tizilomboti timakhala m'malo onse omwe anthu amakhala, mizu m'mizinda ikuluikulu komanso kumidzi.
Nyerere
Kutha kusintha, ndikulimbikira kumenyera kupulumuka kwazaka 130 miliyoni, zidathandizira kupulumuka ndikupulumuka mpaka zaka zana lino pafupifupi mawonekedwe akale a nyerere zamakono.
Awa ndi tizilombo tolimbikira kwambiri, monga mukudziwa, omwe amatha kukweza zolemera kuposa kulemera kwawo. Ku Europe, amakhala kulikonse, kupatula zigawo za Far North.
Mphungu
Mbalame yodya zazikulu zazikulu, yogawidwa kudera lalikulu la kontrakitala ndikukonda malo opanda mapiri. Ndiwokhudzana ndi mphamba ndi mphamba.
Mbalame zimasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi lolimba, khosi lotukuka, miyendo yolimba, mchira wofupikitsa komanso wopapatiza. Ziwombankhanga zimakhala ndi maso akuthwa kwambiri, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti aziwona nyama zing'onozing'ono pamtunda wa makilomita angapo, ngakhale kuyenda kwa maso awo kumachepa.
Mlomo wochititsa chidwi ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa zimapanga nyama zosaka nyama. Mapiko a mbalame nthawi zambiri amakhala opitilira mamitala awiri, omwe amawalola kuti aziuluka kwakanthawi, akuyenda mozungulira kuchokera kutalika kwa mita pafupifupi mazana asanu ndi awiri, posankha nyama yawo.
Kuuluka kwa chiwombankhanga kumadziwika chifukwa cha mapiko ake akuya, amphamvu ndipo ndiwokongola chifukwa chothamanga kwambiri. Kukula kwa mbalameyi, komwe anthu ambiri akale amawona kuti ndi amithenga a milungu, adakhala chifukwa chokhazikitsira nthano ndi nthano.
Mphungu ya mbalame
Falcon
Nyama yodya mapiko, chida chachikulu chomwe ndi mulomo wokhala ndi dzino lakuthwa kumapeto. Pouluka, mbalameyi imathamanga modabwitsa kwambiri ndipo imathamanga kwambiri.
Pothamanga komanso kuyendetsa mlengalenga, pomwe zolengedwa izi zimamva bwino kwambiri kuposa pansi, zidakhala akatswiri pakati pa mbalame zomwe zimakhala padziko lapansi.
Mapiko a zamoyozi amakhala ndi chikhatho chachikulu, ndipo kabawi amauluka ndi mapiko ake otseguka. Ku Ulaya, mbalame zimawoneka m'malo ambiri, kupatula ku Arctic.
Kujambula ndi mbalame ya mphamba
Mphamba
Chiwombankhanga, monga chiwombankhanga, chimatchulidwa kawirikawiri m'nthano zambiri zakale. Munthawi ya mafarao, maso ake akuda kapena ofiira amawonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha mwezi ndi dzuwa. Chinyamachi chili ndi kachikale kakang'ono kwambiri, kozungulira, kakang'ono, koma mapiko otambalala ndi mchira wautali.
Ili ndi zala zazitali pamapazi ake, yokhala ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu. Masiku ano, mbalame yotere imatha kuwonedwa makamaka m'nkhalango zakale.
Kujambulidwa ndi mphamba
Kadzidzi
M'banja la kadzidzi, mbalame iyi yodyedwa imadziwika kuti ndi yayikulu kwambiri, yolemera pafupifupi 4 kg. Moyo wake wokangalika umayamba ndikulowa kwa madzulo ndipo umachitika usiku.
Thupi la mbalame ndilolimba komanso lolimba, miyendo ndi yaifupi, koma yamphamvu kwambiri. Mapikowo ndi amphamvu, okhala ndi kutalika kwa mamita awiri, mutu ndi waukulu kwambiri, ndipo mlomo wolumikizidwa.
Chodabwitsa kwambiri mwa zolengedwa izi ndi maso akulu osunthika a lalanje lowala, lachikaso kapena lofiira, lomwe limatha kuwona bwino ndikuwala mumdima.
Mtundu wa nthenga zonunkhira komanso wandiweyani ukhoza kukhala wosuta kapena wotuwa. Kulira kosawoneka bwino kwa kadzidzi m'nkhalango yosadutsika ya nkhalango kumamveka patali makilomita angapo.
Nightingale
Kwa Russia, kuimba kwa nightingale kwakhala pafupifupi kwachilendo. Kunja, izi ndi zolengedwa zowoneka wamba kukula kwake kwa mpheta, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kamangidwe kosalimba komanso kocheperako. Maso ali ngati mikanda yakuda yomwe imaonekera pamutu wawung'ono. Mtundu wa nthengayo umatha kukhala wofiira, wabulauni kapena azitona, pamimba pamakhala zamawangamawanga.
Mbalame nightingale
Kuthamanga
Kwa ambiri, kuimba kwa thrush kumamveka ngati nyimbo zosangalatsa komanso zachikondi, zomwe zidakhala chifukwa cholemba nyimbo yomwe inali yotchuka kwambiri. Nthenga zimasiyanitsidwa m'mitundu ingapo, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Mbalame yanyimbo imatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi anzawo ndi mthunzi waimvi kapena chokoleti pamwamba pamutu, kumbuyo ndi mchira, mbali zachikaso ndi mimba yoyera, komanso chifuwa, chodziwika ndi zikwapu zofiirira.
Pachithunzichi pali mbalame
Kale
Zamoyo ngati zanjoka, zopanda vuto lililonse komanso zopanda poizoni, zimapezeka m'maiko ambiri ku Europe. Mawanga owala pang'ono pang'ono, omwe amatha kuwona m'mbali mwa nyama izi, amathandizira kusiyanitsa pakati pawo ndi njoka.
Gawo lakumtunda la njoka ndi imvi, loyimirira mosiyanasiyana, mimba ya zolengedwa ndiyoyera. Mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe a mchira ndi osiyana: ozungulira komanso ofupika, amphamvu komanso owonda, owopsa kapena akuthwa.
M'chithunzicho kale
Chule
Chilengedwe amphibious angapezeke ku Ulaya pafupi madambo, nyanja ndi mitsinje chete. Pali mitundu yambiri ya achule, yonse imasiyanitsidwa ndi: mutu wosakanikirana ndi thupi lalifupi osakhalako khosi; pamutu waukulu wopingasa maso akutuluka bwino.
Mchirawo sapezeka, umangopezeka m'miyendo yokha, koma umasowa pakapita nthawi. Mtundu wa achule ukhoza kukhala wosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Kwenikweni, khungu lawo lopanda madzi limadziwika ndi mitundu yoteteza: yobiriwira, imvi-yobiriwira, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi bulauni kapena chikasu.
Kukula kwa achule kumatengera mitundu, ndipo alipo ambiri. Ambiri ku Europe ndi udzu ndi achule am'madzi. Amathandiza kwambiri chifukwa amapha udzudzu ndi tizilombo todwalitsa.
