Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Garshnep ndi mbalame yaying'ono yakunyumba, yofanana ndi mpheta. Kutalika kwa thupi la mbalameyo kumatha kufikira masentimita 20, kulemera kwake ndi 20-30 g, choyimira "chachikulu" sichiposa magalamu 43. Kukula pang'ono kwa mbalame kumapangitsa kuti chikhale chosiririka pamipikisano yamasewera osaka.
Nyanga ya nyanga imakhala m'chigwa, momwe imadutsamo ndi miyendo yake yaifupi. Mlomo wolumikizidwa, womwe umakhala wautali masentimita 3-4, umaphwanya magawo onse amakulidwe amthupi, uwu ndi 30% kutalika kwa thupi lonse.
Nthengazo zimakhala ndi mtundu wosasangalatsa, womwe sukusintha chaka chonse. Chojambulacho chimawoneka chogwirizana ndipo ndikusintha kwa mikwingwirima yoyera yachikasu ndi yakuda. Pakati pa lokwera, kuyambira pamutu palokha, pali mzere wachikasu wobiriwira womwe umagawaniza thupi m'magawo awiri.
Nthenga za mituyo ndizakuda ndizotuwa zazing'ono zachikasu. Zikuwoneka kuti chipewa chili pamutu panu. Mzere wakuda umadutsa pakati pamakwerero owala. Nthenga za mutu zimatha ndi malire amdima. Garshnep amakonda kuyamwa m'khosi mwake. Zikuwoneka kuti mutu ulibe khosi ndipo umamangiriridwa ku thupi.
Pansi pa bere ndi mimba ndi zoyera. Kupatukira mbali zonse mbali, utoto umakhala ndi utoto. Pafupi ndi mchira, utoto umakhala wakuda, pansi pake pamakhala wakuda kale ndi utoto wofiirira. Mchira uli ndi nthenga zooneka ngati mphonje khumi ndi ziwiri zomwe zimayendetsa. Awiri apakati ndi otalikirapo ndipo ndi akuda. Nthenga zotsatira ndi zofiirira ndi mawonekedwe ofiira.
Mbalameyi ndi yaulesi, imangouluka pokhapokha pakafunika kutero. Kuyenda kwamapiko kumafanana ndi kuwuluka kwa mileme. Garshnep wopanda manyazi. Phokoso lililonse lachilendo silikuchititsa mantha nthenga.
Ndi ngozi yomwe ikuyandikira, amaphunzira momwe zinthu zilili kwanthawi yayitali ndikuchoka pansi pa mapazi a mlenjeyo. Pali zokwanira mlengalenga zosinthira malowa. Zonsezi zimachitika mwakachetechete. Garshnep ndi mbalame yakachetechete, ndipo mawu ake amangomveka munthawi yoswana.
Mitundu
Garshnep ndi mbalame yamtundu umodzi ndipo ilibe subspecies. Kunja, zikufanana ndi abale ena ochokera kubanja lalikulu lalikulu. Koposa zonse, kufanana kumawoneka mu utoto wa nthenga ndi mtundu wa nkhwangwa zamatabwa. Garshnepa pachithunzichi ena akumusokoneza naye.
Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe awo, mbalamezi zimafanana pamachitidwe. Onse oimira amakonda kujambula m'khosi, ngati kuti abisala mu nthenga za m'mawere. Zikuwoneka kuti mbalame zilibe konse, ndipo mutu umatuluka nthawi yomweyo kuchokera mthupi.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Garshnep amakhala m'malo achinyontho, obzalidwa udzu ndi tchire. Malo abwino oti mupezeko zisa za ma hornet ali mthaphwi. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame yoloza nthawi yayitali imapezeka m'mphepete mwa nkhalango kapena m'malo omwe mitengo yadulidwa pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja. Poterepa, zomera ziyenera kuti zikuwonongeka, kuponderezedwa. Malo okondedwa kwambiri ndi nkhalango ya birch, pomwe mitengo ikuluikulu ya madzi imadzaza madzi.
Woimira uyu ndi wamtundu wosamuka. Madera omwe mungakumaneko ndi nkhalangozo ndi kumpoto chakumtunda kwa dziko lapansi. Pofika chilimwe, amakhala ku Scandinavia Peninsula, taiga, tundra ndi nkhalango-tundra. Malo omwe amakhala amakhala ku Tver, Kirov, Yaroslavl. Iwo kawirikawiri anazindikira m'madera Leningrad ndi Smolensk. Madera omwe mumawakonda - magombe amitsinje ndi nyanja.
Pofika nyengo yozizira, wachibale wa ntchentcheyo amapita kumalo otentha a Western Europe, Spain, France, Central ndi South Africa, Mesopotamia Garshnep sakonda mbalame zambiri, chifukwa chake amakhala ndi moyo wakutali. Pokhapokha pakadali pano mpamene zimatha kugawikana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Amakhala ndi moyo wakusiku, ndikumayamba madzulo, amayamba kuchitapo kanthu posaka chakudya. Menyu yake imakhala ndi mphutsi, mbozi za tizilombo, mollusks. Ndi mlomo wake wautali, a hardnep amawakoka pansi. Oyang'anira mbalame sanafufuze mokwanira za mtundu wa nyanga chifukwa chobisalira.
Malo omwe mumawakonda kwambiri ndi nkhalango zam'madzi, ma hummock. Garshnep sachita kwenikweni kwa adani kapena anthu. Pokhapokha pakakhala ngozi yayikulu kwambiri ndi pomwe imanyamuka pamalo kuti igwe pansi ndikufika patali. Nthawi yomweyo, zimauluka pang'onopang'ono, ngati kuti zikungoyenda.
Zakudya zabwino
Mbalame zazing'ono zimapeza nyama zochepa. Izi ndi mphutsi, midges, nsikidzi, tizilombo, akangaude, nkhanu zazing'ono, molluscs. Akuyenda m'mphepete mwa zomera zam'madzi, akumalowetsa miyendo yawo pakati pamadzi, iwonso, monga mbewa zazing'ono, amadzifunira chakudya. Pofunafuna chakudya, a rignep amakumba ndi mlomo wawo mumchenga, mumchenga. Ndipo nthawi zina imatha kulowa pansi pamadzi.
Kuchokera ku chakudya chomera, amasankha mbewu za chithaphwi, masamba awo. Horsetail, sedge, bango - zomera sizimangotenga chakudya chokha, komanso zida zomangira nyumba.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nthawi yoswana, ma harlequin amapita m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Zimakopa zazikazi zikauluka, ndikupanga mawu ofanana ndi kuponda kwa ziboda. Nthawi yokwatirana imayamba mu February ndipo imatha mpaka Epulo. Chakumadzulo ndi usiku, yamphongo imanyamuka mpaka kutalika kwa mita mazana awiri, kutsagana ndi kuwuluka kwawo ndikumveka kwamphamvu, ndikupanga mawonekedwe.
Kutsika kumapita mwachangu, koma osati mwachangu. Mukuuluka, imatulutsa mawu omveka ngati phokoso. Phokoso lonse limalumikizana motsatana. Pakutsika, nyanga ya nyanga imabwereza "trill" mpaka katatu.
Imatsikira kumtunda kwa mamita 30 pansi, kenako nkunyamukanso mozungulira bwalo lotsatira, kapena kumakhala panthambi za mitengo. Mawu amphongo m'nyengo yokwatira amakhala olimba kwambiri, mumatha kumva patali mpaka 500 m.
Mkazi amasankha mnzake. Zikadzapanga awiri, mbalame zimayamba kumanga chisa. Amakonzedwa padambo, lodzaza ndi mahatchi komanso madera oyandikira pafupi ndi mitsinje. Malo obisalira okha amapangidwira pachimake kuti chinyezi chisalowe. Kumtunda kwa zotumphukira, dzenje limatulutsidwa, moss ndi udzu wouma zimayikidwa pamenepo.
Mkazi amaikira mazira kuyambira koyambirira kwa Juni mpaka pakati pa Julayi. Mbalame imodzi imatulutsa mazira atatu kapena asanu, lililonse mpaka masentimita atatu kukula, koma nthawi zina mitundu ina imatha kukula mpaka masentimita 4. Mawonekedwe a dzira amafanana ndi peyala wokhala ndi bulauni wonyezimira komanso pansi pake pamdima wokhala ndi mawanga ofiira.
Mzimayi yekha ndi amene amachita kuswana. Amakhala pachisa masiku 23-27. Nyengo yoipa, nthawi imatha kukulira mpaka masiku 30. Ataswa, anapiyewo atatha sabata lachitatu amayesa kuchoka pachisa kukafunafuna okha chakudya. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, anapiyewo amakwanira ndi makolo awo kukula kwake.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu chili ku Peninsula ya Scandinavia komanso pakamwa pa Mtsinje wa Kolyma. Chaka chilichonse kuchuluka kwa nkhanza kumakula pano. Ku Japan, m'malo mwake, njira zotsutsana zimawonedwa. Chiwerengero cha mbalame m'zaka zapitazi chinali chachikulu kwambiri kuposa nthawiyo.
Ku Russia, madera ena, a rignep adalembedwa mu Red Book. Ku Ulaya, komabe, kuli koletsedwa kuwombera mbalame kulikonse. Mbalame yoyenda siilola kugwidwa. Ngati aikidwa mu khola, amasiya kaye kuchulukana kenako kufota palimodzi.
Koma anthu ena, m'malo mwake, kusiya malo awo achilengedwe, kumawonjezera zaka zakukhala kwawo mu ukapolo wazaka 10. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi chitetezo, chakudya chamagulu, komanso mkhalidwe wabwino.
Kupanga kwachilengedwe kwamtundu uwu wamabanja osapatsa phindu sikupindulitsa. Mbalame sizikhala m'khola, ndipo sizingatheke kupanga malo okhala ndi mpanda. Amadya chakudya chachilengedwe chokha, chakudya choyenera sichiyenera iwo. Mtengo wopangira mafakitale sukudzilungamitsa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa nyama mu nyama imodzi.
Kusaka kwa Harshnep
Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, mitundu yambiri yazinyalala imachoka m'madambo. Kakhalidwe kakang'ono kokha ndi kamene kamakupatseni chisangalalo chenicheni choyenda ndi galu wokondedwayo mumadambo ndikukwaniritsa chidwi cha masewera a mlenje.
Kutchire, nkhanza zimamva kukhala zotetezeka. Osati mlenje aliyense amene angayerekeze kuyenda m'malo am'madambo kufunafuna nyama. Ndipo nyamazi sizimayang'ana madambo nthawi zambiri. Mbalame m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri imadzipangira usiku ndi pogona pamalo amodzi, ndipo apa imapeza chakudya.
Garshnep samauluka nthawi yayitali. Zambiri zili pansi, chifukwa chake amakhala pachiwopsezo chomenya mlenjeyo. Ikanyamuka ndikufika nthawi yomweyo, imatha kugwidwa mwachangu. Chosangalatsa ndich nyama zokoma za nkhuku, zomwe zimawoneka kuti ndizabwino.
Mbalameyi sikamalira kawirikawiri ndipo imavuta kuipeza. Mutha kukhala nthawi yayitali mukufufuza, koma osapeza zotsatira. Kuti mupeze kusaka bwino, ndibwino kufunsa nzika zakomweko zakupezeka kwa mbalame mdera lina. Kapenanso khalani tsiku limodzi kapena awiri kuti mupeze oimira nyama m'derali.
Kuphatikiza pa mfuti ya kusaka nyanga muyenera kusungira ma binoculars. Mbalameyi ndi yaying'ono, samanyamuka kawirikawiri, popumula imaphatikizana ndi mawonekedwe. Ma binoculars akuthandizani kuti muziwerenga malowa bwino ndikuzindikira zinthu zomwe mungapeze m'tsogolo.
Mbalameyi imakhala ndi anthu ochepa. Ngakhale m'malo ena zalembedwa mu Red Book. Kusaka ma hornets masika, munthawi yamtunduwu, ndikoletsedwa. Nyengo yosaka imayamba kumapeto kwa chirimwe ndipo imatha mpaka mbalamezo zitachoka. Ndibwino kusaka m'malo abata, odekha.
Pakadali pano, nyanga ya nyanga imakhala yosavuta kuwona ikanyamuka. Mphepo yamphamvu, ntchitoyi imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Paulendo, ndege yotchedwa hornbeam imayenda ngati gulugufe, ndipo mphepo yamkuntho imawuponyeranso uku ndi uku, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi isokonekere. Alenje amadziwa kugwira mbalame ndi ntchentche panthawi yomwe amauluka mlengalenga asanagwe mphepo.
Zosangalatsa
- Mbalame ya Hornbeam ochepera pakati pa madambo, koma nthawi yomweyo olimba mtima kwambiri. Kwa iye, palibe kusiyana pakati pa nyama zamtchire ndi galu wosaka. Amachita modekha kwa iwo ndi ena, amapewa ngozi mosavuta.
- Liwu loti "garshnep" potanthauzira limatanthauza "woponya mchenga waubweya".
- Pansi, nyanga ya nyanga imayenda uku ndi uku. Kuchokera kumbali zikuwoneka kuti amangokhalira kukokoloka.
- Kutalika kwa nyumba yovutayi kuli pamtunda wa 1400-2000 mita pamwamba pa nyanja.
- Kukongola kwa marsh kumatuluka kawiri pachaka: nyengo isanakwane asanayambe komanso atatha kupanga zomangamanga.
- Amuna amtundu wankhanza amayamba kulira akangofika pamalo atsopano. Munthu aliyense alibe gawo lake, motero mbalameyi imawuluka pamtunda wama kilomita angapo. Pokhapokha pakufunafuna mkazi pomwe nyanga ya nyanga imakwera pamwamba kwambiri kwakuti kumakhala kovuta kuiwona ngakhale kudzera muma binoculars. Imatsikira pansi mozungulirazungulira, osafikira pansi, imakwereranso m'mwamba, ndikumatulutsa phokoso laphokoso.
- Mbalameyi ili ndi zida zolimba zamawu. Ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono chonchi mawu a garshnip zomveka pakadali pano mpaka pamtunda wa mamita mazana asanu.
- Achibale a snipe amathera masewera awo okwatirana masiku amtambo kapena odekha komanso odekha.
