Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala ndi nkhandwe
Kufotokozera kwa nkhandwe ya polar sizimasiyana kwambiri ndi mnzake wanthawi zonse waimvi, popeza wokhala mu tundra mu taxonomy wa nyama izi amawerengedwa kuti ndi gawo la nkhandwe wamba. Komabe, pitirizani chithunzi cha nkhandwe Ndizosavuta kuzindikira - malaya ake ndi opepuka kwambiri - pafupifupi oyera (kapena oyera).
Malo okhala nkhandwe ndi tundra, ngakhale koyambirira kufalitsa kwake kunali kokulirapo. Ngakhale nyengo inali yovuta, nthumwi za mitunduyi zidazolowera miyezi ingapo yopanda kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi kuwala.
Chakudya chochepa komanso kutentha kwa subzero - nthawi zina kuwerengera kwa ma thermometer kumatsika -30 ° C. Wamkulu amene amafota amafika mpaka 95 cm, pomwe kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyana masentimita 120 mpaka 150, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 80 kg.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa nkhandwe
Tundra nyama mimbulu yakummwera kukhala ndi "banja" moyo. Ndiye kuti, mimbulu imasunga maphukusi, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi anthu ofanana. Chifukwa chake, atsogoleriwo ndi amuna ndi akazi - opanga ana.
Kuphatikiza pa iwo, gulu limaphatikizapo ana kuchokera kumapeto komaliza komaliza. Nthawi zina mimbulu yosakwatiwa imakhomeredwa phukusi, koma satenga nawo mbali pamasewera olimbirana, pokhapokha atasiya paketiyo ndikupeza okwatirana kumoyo wakutali. Gulu lalikulu limaganiziridwa, momwe anthu 15-20 amatsikira, koma nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwa mamembala kumangokhala 4-6.
Mtsogoleri wa paketiyo ndiye wamwamuna wamkulu, ndiye yekhayo amene ali ndi ufulu wokwatirana naye; alinso ndi mchira wonyada, pomwe ena onse Mimbulu yoyandikira kumtunda (kupatula oyang'anira mapaketi ena) sanasiyidwe.
Mkazi wamkulu, nayenso, ali ndi mwayi komanso maudindo. Ndi yekhayo amene angakhale ndi ana pagulu limodzi (mmbulu wake ndiye "bwenzi la moyo" la mtsogoleri wa paketiyo), kuwonjezera apo, mkazi wamkulu amayang'anira machitidwe a amuna kapena akazi ena onse ochita bwino. Kawirikawiri akazi akuluakulu amakhala ankhanza komanso okhwima kwa akazi ena.
Mamembala onse a paketi amamvera ndikumvera mtsogoleri. Izi zikuwonetseredwa pantchito yake yotsogola pakugawa zopanga. Kuyankhulana kumachitika pakamveka phokoso: kubangula, kubangula, kukuwa, komanso kudzera mthupi. Chifukwa chake, mtsogoleri amakhala wonyada nthawi zonse, ali ndi mchira wapamwamba, mutu ndi kuyang'ana modekha, pomwe omvera ake akuwonetsa kumvera ndi ulemu ndi mawonekedwe awo onse.
Chifukwa cha kuuma kwa malamulo a paketi, Nkhandwe yoyera yoyera ndewu ndi ziwonetsero mgululi sizichotsedwa. Pokhapokha, tsoka likamachitika kwa mtsogoleri, mpamene chiwonetsero cha utsogoleri pakati pa amuna achichepere chitha kuchitika.
Komabe, nthawi zambiri kuposa imfa yachilengedwe kapena yomvetsa chisoni ya mtsogoleriyo, woloŵa m'malo mwake amadziwika kale. Ndiwo wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wanzeru kwambiri mwa ana ake, omwe sanasiye gululo kuti akapeze bwenzi lodzakhala naye moyo.
Kujambula ndi nkhandwe yoyera yakumtunda
Mimbulu ndi yolimba kwambiri ndipo imazolowera kukhala m'malo ovuta. Wandiweyani fupa la nkhandwe amateteza ku mphepo ndi chisanu. Pofunafuna nyama, gulu kapena munthu payekha atha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali liwiro la 10-15 km / h.
Ngati nyamayo idakopeka, oimira mitunduyo amayitsata mwachangu kwambiri - mpaka 60 km / h. Pofuna kusaka, gulu lililonse limakhala ndi gawo lake, lomwe limatetezera mwansanje ku mimbulu ina. Ndewu zachiwawa zankhanza zimachitika ngati gulu lalowa gawo la wina.
Chakudya
Kusaka nkhandwe ku Arctic imatha masiku kapena milungu ingakhale yopanda phindu. Izi ndichifukwa cha nyengo yovuta momwe pafupifupi sipangakhale zamoyo zomwe zingapulumuke, kupatula ng'ombe zamphongo, nswala, ndi hares.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndizovuta kupeza malo oti abisalire mumtunda, choncho olusa amayenera kusuntha posaka nyama, kenako nkuithamangitsa kwa nthawi yayitali, popeza wozunzidwayo amamuwonanso amene akumuthamangayo ali patali.
Ngati gulu la mimbulu likupunthwa pagulu la ng'ombe zamphongo, kuthamangitsidwa kwanthawi yayitali kumayamba. Kenako ozunzidwawo amakhala pamzere wozungulira, akulekanitsidwa ndi adaniwo okhala ndi nyanga zamphamvu.
Otsatirawo amangodikirira mpaka munthu wofooka m'mutu atsegule chitetezo ndikuyesera kuthawa. Ndipamene mimbuluyo imawukira, kuyesa kuyala pansi anthu angapo.
Monga lamulo, zimakhala zovuta kuti nkhandwe imodzi izithana ndi mdani wamkuluyo, koma posaka paketi, ili si vuto. Ngati mmbulu umodzi pamapeto pake umugwira ndikumugwira, anthu ena angapo amathamangira kuti amuthandize.
Posaka nyama zazing'ono monga hares, thandizo la gulu lonselo silofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhandwe imodzi yayikulu imatha kudya kalulu yense, komanso ubweya ndi mafupa.
Nyengo yoipa siyilola mimbulu ya polar kukhala gourmets - nyama zimadya aliyense amene angafune, kaya ndi mphaka wamkulu kapena kalulu, chifukwa sizikudziwika kuti nyama yotsatira idzapezeka liti kumtunda kwa tundra.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kuyamba kwa nyengo yokwanira ndi Januware. Mkati mwa gululo, mtsogoleri wa mnzake ndi amene ali ndi ufulu wokwatirana naye. Kunja kwa paketi, nkhondo zenizeni zamagazi zimachitika pakati pa mimbulu ya mmbulu waulere. Mwamuna wamphamvu kwambiri amakhala mnzake, palimodzi amapanga gulu latsopano.
Kujambulidwa ndi mwana wamphongo wakumtunda
Maanja omwe angopangidwa kumene amapita kukafunafuna malo awo osakira ndi pogona, pogona pobadwira pomwe pali ana ammbulu. Ana agalu amabadwa patatha miyezi 2.5 atakwatirana.
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala 2 kapena 3. Nthawi zina, pamatha kukhala 10 ndi 15 a iwo, koma gawo la mwana wamkulu chotere, amafa chifukwa chamavuto azakudya.
Ana athanzi sangadziteteze ku chimfine ndi ziweto zina. Pakangotha milungu ingapo maso awo atseguka, ana amaphunzira kuyenda ndikuyamba kufufuza phanga.
Mkazi amakhala pafupi nthawi zonse, kutentha ndi kuteteza ana. Pakadali pano, yamphongo imasaka zolimba kuti ipeze chakudya chokwanira mayi woyamwitsa. Mimbulu yonse ndi makolo odabwitsa ndipo ma polar nawonso amasiyana.
Pachithunzicho, nkhandwe yaku polar yokhala ndi mwana
Ana amakula moyang'aniridwa mosamalitsa ndi makolo awo kufikira atakhala okonzeka kusiya gulu kuti apange banja lawo. Nthawi yayitali yakutchire ndi zaka 5-10.
Pakadali pano pali mafashoni osungira nyama zakutchire mu ukapolo, pa intaneti mutha kupeza anthu omwe akufuna kugulitsa kapena Gula nkhandwe.
Komabe, machenjerero oterewa amachitika mosaloledwa ndipo amalangidwa. Nyama ngati mimbulu siziyenera ndipo sizingakhale mu ukapolo! Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chakuchepa kwa anthu, Polar Wolf Olembedwa mu Buku Lofiira.
