Mausiku akutalika, mpweya umadzaza ndi kuzizira komanso chisanu, mbewu zimakutidwa ndi chisanu choyamba, ndipo mbalame zikukonzekera maulendo ataliatali. Inde, nthawi yophukira yafika, ndipo ndi nthawi yoti mupite kumtunda wofunda.
Osati kwa ife, koma kwa abale athu nthenga. Amadya kwambiri komanso amakhala ndi mafuta ambiri, omwe adzawapulumutse ku mpweya wozizira ndikudzaza thupi ndi mphamvu. M'kamphindi kamodzi, mtsogoleri wa gululo akuuluka m'mwamba ndikupita chakummwera, ndipo pambuyo pake mbalame zina zonse zikubwerera kumwera.
Mbalame zina zimayenda zokha, chifukwa chibadwa chawo chachilengedwe chimadziwa komwe zimauluka. Inde, si mbalame zonse zomwe zimawulukira kumwera. Chifukwa chake, mbalame zokhazikika monga mpheta, magpies, titi ndi akhwangwala zimamva bwino nthawi yozizira nthawi yozizira.
Amatha kuwuluka kupita kumizinda ndikudya chakudya choperekedwa ndi anthu, ndipo mitundu iyi ya mbalame sidzauluka kupita kumayiko otentha. Komabe, mbalame zambiri zimakonda kuuluka.
Zimayambitsa mbalame kusamuka
Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo bwanji mbalame zimauluka kummwera ndikubwerera kubwerera? Kupatula apo, amatha kukhala pamalo amodzi osapanga maulendo ataliatali komanso otopetsa. Pali malingaliro angapo okhudza izi. Chimodzi mwazifukwa zake ndi chifukwa chakuti nthawi yozizira yafika - mukuti ndipo mudzakhala olondola pang'ono.
Kumazizira m'nyengo yozizira ndipo amayenera kusintha nyengo. Koma kuzizira sikomwe kumapangitsa kuti mbalame zisiye kwawo. Nthenga zimateteza mbalame ku chisanu. Mwina mungadabwe, koma canary imatha kukhala ndi moyo wa kutentha -40, ngati, zowonadi, palibe vuto ndi chakudya.
Chifukwa china chowuluka cha mbalame ndi kusowa kwa chakudya m'nyengo yozizira. Mphamvu zomwe zimalandiridwa kuchokera pachakudya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu kwambiri, chifukwa izi zimatsata kuti mbalame zimafunika kudya pafupipafupi komanso zambiri. Ndipo popeza m'nyengo yozizira sizomera zokha zomwe zimaundana, komanso dziko lapansi, tizilombo timazimiririka, chifukwa chake zimakhala zovuta kuti mbalame zizipeza chakudya.
Umboni woti mbalame zambiri zimauluka kummwera chifukwa chosowa chakudya ndikuti pakakhala chakudya chokwanira kupitirira nyengo, mbalame zina zosamuka zimatsala kwawo nthawi yozizira.
Komabe, inde yankho ili silingakhale lomaliza. Lingaliro lotsatira ndilotsutsana. Mbalamezi zimatchedwa kuti chibadwa chachilengedwe kuti zisinthe malo okhala. Asayansi ena amati ndi iye amene amawapangitsa kuti aziyenda maulendo ataliatali komanso owopsa, kenako nkubwerera miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake.
Inde, zomwe mbalame zimachita sizimamveka bwino ndipo zimabisala zinsinsi zambiri, mayankho omwe asayansi sanapezebe. Pali lingaliro lina losangalatsa chifukwa chiyani mbalame zimauluka kummwera nthawi yophukira ndi kubwerera. Chikhumbo chobwerera kunyumba chimalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa thupi munyengo yokhwima.
Zotupitsa zimayamba kutulutsa mahomoni mwachangu chifukwa cha kukula kwa ma gonad komwe kumachitika, komwe kumalimbikitsa mbalame kuti ziyende ulendo wautali wobwerera kwawo. Lingaliro lomaliza loti mbalame zimakonda kubwerera kwawo zimachokera pati chifukwa chakuti mbalame zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kulera ana pakati pamtunda kuposa kumwera kotentha. Popeza mbalame zosamuka mwachibadwa zimagwira ntchito masana, tsiku lalitali limapatsa mpata wambiri wodyetsa ana awo.
Zinsinsi zosamukira mbalame
Zifukwa zomwe mbalame zimauluka kumwera sanaphunzirepo mokwanira, ndipo sizokayikitsa kuti padzakhala wasayansi yemwe angatsimikizire kusamveka kwa izi kapena nthanthi iyi yakusamuka kwachisanu. Dziyesereni nokha kupusa kwa maulendo ena apaulendo amitundu ina ya mbalame.
Mwachitsanzo, namzeze amakonda nyengo yozizira ku kontrakitala ya Africa, komwe dzuwa limatentha nthawi yozizira. Chifukwa chiyani namzeze amatha kuwuluka ku Europe ndi Africa pomwe kuli malo ofunda kwambiri? Mukatenga mbalame ngati petrel, ndiye kuti imawuluka kuchokera ku Antarctica kupita ku North Pole, komwe sikungakhale kukambirana za kutentha.
Mbalame zam'madera otentha m'nyengo yozizira sizimawopsezedwa ndi kuzizira kapena kusowa kwa chakudya, koma polera ana awo, amapita kumayiko akutali. Chifukwa chake, wankhanza wakuda (atha kusokonezedwa ndi kuchepa kwathu) amathawira ku Amazon chaka chilichonse, ndipo ikafika nthawi yokwatirana, amabwerera ku East India.
Zimadziwika kuti pakubwera kwa nthawi yophukira, mikhalidwe siyabwino kwenikweni kwa mbalame zakumwera. Mwachitsanzo, kudera lotentha, komanso ku equator, nthawi zambiri kumakhala mvula yamabingu, ndi zomwe sizingapezeke m'maiko omwe kuli nyengo yabwino.
Mbalame zouluka kumadera otentha zimachoka m'malo opanda chilimwe. Chifukwa chake, kwa kadzidzi wachipale chofewa, malo abwino kwambiri okhalira mazira ali pamtunda. M'nyengo yotentha komanso chakudya chokwanira monga mandimu zimapangitsa tundra kukhala malo abwino.
M'nyengo yozizira, matumba azinyalala otentha amasintha kupita ku nkhalango za pakati. Monga mwina mwalingalira kale, kadzidzi sadzatha kupezeka m'mapiri otentha mchilimwe, chifukwa chake nthawi yachilimwe imabwereranso kumtunda.
