Makhalidwe ndi malo a toad
Ndi amphibian wopanda mchira yemwe amawoneka ngati mphamba kapena chule. Chisoti yaing'ono kukula kwake ndipo nthawi zambiri imafikira kutalika kwa masentimita osachepera 7. Mbali yosangalatsa ya anatomical ya cholengedwa ichi ndi kapangidwe ka lilime, lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi gawo lake lonse lakumunsi pakamwa pamlomo, lokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi disc.
Pachifukwa ichi mitundu yofananira ya amphibian ndi ya banja lazamalirime. Monga tawonera chithunzi cha toza, ana ake ndi owoneka ngati amtima, khungu limakhala lopindika, ndipo thupi, lomwe limakhala ndi utoto wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira wobiriwira kumbuyo ndi kumtunda kwa thupi, limakhala chinsinsi chobisalira chule m'chilengedwe chake.
Mimba ya amphibian, m'malo mwake, imasiyanitsidwa ndi lalanje lowala kwambiri kapena mtundu wowala wachikasu wokhala ndi malo opanda mawonekedwe, amenenso ndi chitetezo chabwino m'chilengedwe cha amphibian wopanda mchira.
Chisoti ngozi ikayandikira, yozindikiridwa ndi wopenyerera wosafunikira kapena chilombo, imagwera m'mimba m'mwamba, kuchenjeza mdani za kusakhalako kwake ndi zida zake zapoizoni, zomwe zilinso ndi kuwala kwamitundu.
Khungu la amphibian limaperekedwa mopitilira muyeso ndi ma gland apadera omwe amatulutsa katulutsidwe ka phrinolicin, chinthu chowopsa kuzinthu zambiri zamoyo. Oimira amtunduwu a amphibiya opanda mchira agawika mitundu, isanu ndi umodzi mwa iwo imapezeka m'malo abwino a ku Europe komanso kum'mawa ndi kumpoto kwa Asia.
Mwa iwo tozi yachikopa chachikasookhala m'madamu, m'nyanja, m'mitsinje ndi m'madambo a madera apakati ndi akumwera kwa Europe. Ili ndi kutalika kwa 4-5 cm ndi bulauni-imvi kumbuyo, ndipo m'mimba mumaonekera ndi imvi ndi mdima wabuluu mawanga pachizungu chakupha, chomwe cholembacho chimatchedwa.
Mu chithunzicho pali tochi yachitsulo chachikaso
Mtundu wotchedwa tovu wofiira wofiira ponseponse m'chigawo chakumadzulo kwa Russia, kukumana mpaka ku Urals m'mbali mwa nkhalango zokhala ndi masamba ambiri, m'mapiri ndi zigwa. Amakonda madamu okhala ndi madzi osunthika, madambo ndi maiwe osaya okhala ndi matope, magombe omwe ali ndi masamba ambiri.
Mu chithunzicho pali tchire lofiira
Kum'mwera kwa Far East, m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zamkungudza, mtundu wina wa amphibiya amakhala - toad kum'mawa... Kumbuyo kwa cholengedwa chobiriwira chobiriwira kapena bulauni yakuda. Mimba ndi ya lalanje kapena yofiira yokhala ndi mawanga akuda, pafupifupi 5 cm kutalika.
Mitundu yambiri ya zitsamba ili pansi pa chitetezo cha boma. Ndipo nyama yosangalatsayi nthawi zambiri imasungidwa ngati chiweto chachilendo. M'mbuyomu, panali chikhulupiriro kuti achule amakhala pafupi ndi "maenje apadziko lapansi", omwe zolengedwa zimatengera dzina lawo. Koma m'malo angapo amatchedwa unkas chifukwa cha mamvekedwe omwe amatha kupanga.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa toad
Moyo wa amphibiyazi umachitikira m'madzi osaya, omwe amatenthedwa bwino ndi kunyezimira kwa dzuwa nthawi yabwino. Miphika imagwira ntchito kwambiri m'miyezi yotentha, pomwe kutentha kwamlengalenga sikusinthasintha ndikusungidwa mkati mwa 18-20 ° C, komwe kumakhala koyenera kuti akhale moyo wabwino.
Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, amafunafuna malo okhala odalirika, omwe ndi malo osiyanasiyana pansi, maenje ndi mabowo osiyidwa a makoswe, pomwe amagwera mu tulo tofa nato, komwe kumapitilira mpaka kumapeto kwa masika (kumapeto kwa Marichi - koyambirira kwa Epulo).
Ngakhale njira zodzitetezera bwino zomwe chilengedwe chimapereka kwa zisoti ndi ma gland owopsa, amphibians nthawi zambiri amakhala nyama za nyama zosiyanasiyana: ferrets, hedgehogs, heron, achule am'madzi, njoka ndi njoka.
Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti adani a achule sanakonde kuwadya, posankha zakudya zina ndikudya chakudya chopanda thanzi komanso chopanda thanzi pokhapokha pakagwa mwadzidzidzi. The poizoni wa achule alibe chiopsezo kwa anthu.
M'malo mwake, mamina oyamwa omwe amatulutsidwa ndi amphibiyawa, okhala ndi ma peptide a bactericidal, ali ndi mankhwala ambiri ophera tizilombo omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu kwanthawi yayitali.
Makolo athu adazindikira kuti ngati tozi (kapena kuzizira, monga momwe amachitchulira) iponyedwa mumtsuko wa mkaka, ndiye kuti siyiyesayesa kwanthawi yayitali ndikusunga zinthu zake zopindulitsa. Komabe, kutulutsa kwazitsulo zomwe zakhudzana ndi maso kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto komanso kuyaka.
Mutha kugula zitsamba m'masitolo ogulitsa ziweto komanso m'misika yama aquarium pa intaneti pafupifupi ma ruble 400. Ayenera kusungidwa m'malo opangidwa mwaluso okhala ndi nyali, pomwe nthawi zambiri anthu 1-2 amaikidwa, koma kusungabe magulu ndizotheka.
Chakudya cha tozi
Toads amadya mphutsi zapansi, kafadala komanso zamoyo zopanda madzi. Amadyanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ngati chakudya: njenjete, njuchi, udzudzu ndi ntchentche. Mwa nyama izi, palinso milandu yodya mtundu wawo.
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo, kuswana tizilomboti tambiri kunyumba, nthawi zambiri amawapatsa mbatata zophika ndi zitsamba monga chakudya, ndikuwonjezera nyama. Kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chosakanikirana kumathandizira kukula kwa tadpoles. Kuti ma wadi akule bwino, chakudya chawo chiyenera kukhala chosiyanasiyana, chopindulitsa komanso chowonjezera mavitamini ofunika.
Kupanda kutero, kutha kwa kusintha kwa nthawi, anthu ochepa amakula kuchokera mwa iwo, ambiri mwa iwo amakhala ofooka ndikufa. Ndipo kuti mukwaniritse bwino kubereka kwawo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera a mahomoni, monga ma surfagon ndi ma pituitary mahomoni.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa toad
M'masana kuyambira Epulo mpaka Ogasiti, akulera achimuna amasangalatsa osankhidwa awo ndi mamvekedwe apadera omwe amapanga munyengo yokhwima. Kupadera kwawo ndi kusiyana kwawo ndi kulira kwa achule kwagona poti amabadwanso akamapuma mpweya, osati potulutsa mpweya, monga zilili ndi amphibiya ena.
Nyimbozi zimakhala ngati kubuula kuposa mapokoso. Mukakwatirana zoseweretsa amphibian mnzake amamugwira mnzake m'munsi mwa chiuno, potero amachita ntchito yake yobereka. Ndipo njira yoberekera yokha imachitika m'malo am'madzi, pomwe akazi amaikira mazira ambiri (mazira 80-900) pazomera zapansi pamadzi.
Kukula kwa dzira kumachitika masiku angapo. Kupitilira apo, mluza ndi mphutsi zimawoneka, kukula kwathunthu komwe kumachitika munthawi yofanana miyezi iwiri kapena kupitirirapo.
Tadpoles omwe amayamba chifukwa chake amapachika opanda kanthu pazomera atakweza mitu yawo, ndipo tsiku lachitatu amayamba kukhala moyo wokangalika. Akuluakulu amatha kubereka zaka 2-3. Kutalika kwa moyo wa zisoti zachilengedwe kumayerekezeredwa kukhala zaka 15, koma mu ukapolo ma amphibian nthawi zambiri amakhala zaka 29.
