Wakuda nsomba zam'madzi - wokhala modabwitsa wakuya kwa nyanja, wosangalatsa malingaliro a anthu kwazaka zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, chithunzi chodziwika bwino cha mdierekezi wam'nyanja kapena wamonke wam'madzi, omwe amalinyero adalemba nthano zowopsa komanso omwe adawopseza achinyamata omwe adawalembera, ndi nyumba khumi zokha nsomba yakuda yakuda.
Chosangalatsa komanso chatsatanetsatane chokhudza udindo wake ndi malo ake m'mapiko am'madzi amafotokozedwa pakuphunzira kwa A. Lehmann "Encyclopedia of Superstitions and Magic".
Komabe, ziribe kanthu malingaliro ndi malingaliro achikhalidwe omwe malingaliro amunthu adapereka kwa mfumukazi iyi yapadziko lapansi m'madzi, cuttlefish ndi nyama wamba yam'madzi yomwe anthu saiwala kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya ndipo, mwachidziwikire, amaphunzira ndikufufuza.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo akuda a cuttlefish
Pakati pa akatswiri ojambula nyanja komanso ojambula m'madzi okhaokha komanso okhalamo, zimawoneka kuti ndizabwino kwambiri chithunzi cha cuttlefish panthawi yomwe imameza nyama.
Amakhulupirira kuti kwa nthawi yoyamba nyama yam'nyanjayi inafotokozedwa mu 1550, ndi wofufuza Konrad Gesner m'buku lake "History of Animals", ndipo nyama yodzaza ndi cuttlefish yomweyo imasungidwa ku Copenhagen Museum of Natural History.
Cuttlefish ndi ma cephalopods omwe amapezeka m'madzi a Atlantic ndi Mediterranean. Komabe, pali zochitika zina pomwe adakumana ndi maukonde a ma trailer oyenda m'madzi a Pacific Ocean.
Palinso umboni wakupezeka kwa zamoyo zam'madzi zoterezi munyanja zina, kuphatikiza madzi otentha kwambiri. Ndizotheka kuti sayansi yovomerezeka isintha ndikukweza madera awo posachedwa.
Black cuttlefish imatulutsa inki
Kukula kwa cuttlefish, malinga ndi momwe sayansi ingathere, sikudalira mtundu wawo, ndipo imasiyanasiyana kuyambira 2-2.5 cm mpaka 50-70 cm.Lero, mitundu 30 ya zolengedwa zokongola izi zimadziwika, koma magawano awa makamaka mtundu womwe umakhalapo munyama nthawi zambiri.
Mbalame zam'madzi zimasintha mtundu wawo mosangalatsa kuposa ma chameleon. Kugona panyanja, chinyama chimalumikizana nacho, osasintha mtundu wake wokha, komanso kupeza mabala owonjezera, mawanga ndi mikwingwirima yomwe imatsanzira bwino malo ozungulira.
Mahema, omwe ambiri amalakwitsa miyendo, kwenikweni amazungulira pakamwa, mofanana ndi mlomo wa kadzidzi wamkulu kapena parrot, kuchokera kumafinya omwe cuttlefish kumasula inki pangozi pang'ono.
Chifukwa chake, zakuti "amatulutsa mpweya" ndi inki ndizabodza. Pakatikati pa malingaliro olakwikawa ndi malingaliro olakwika amunthu. Kuchokera pamalingaliro aubongo wathu, ndizachilengedwe kuyenda mutu woyamba, monganso nyama zonse ndi mbalame. Koma apa nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi chimayenda chammbuyo, chofanana ndi khansa.
Kubwerera ku chiyani sepia (inki) nsomba zam'madzi Kumasulidwa pakadali pano pangozi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kutuluka kwa mtambowu kumangomupatsa chidwi chokha, komanso nthawi yomweyo kumathandizira, ngati kuti akukankhira kunja nyama.
Maonekedwe a ma mollusc awa ndi monga "fupa la cuttlefishยป, Yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama pamakampani azodzikongoletsera, zakudya zapamwamba, zamankhwala ndi zaluso ndi zaluso.
Fupa silimangokhala mafupa amkati, kapena nsombazi, yopangidwa ndi aragonite, mu mawonekedwe a mbale zopyapyala zolumikizidwa ndi milatho yambiri yosinthika. Chigawo china cha chipolopolocho chimadzazidwa ndi mpweya, womwe umalola kuti mollusk izitha kudziyimira yokha komanso kuwongola kwake.
Mwachidziwitso, asayansi atsimikiza kuti chipolopolocho chimaphulika ndikamizidwa m'madzi akuya 700 mpaka 800, ndipo chimayamba kupunduka kale pakuya mamita 200.
Kuphatikiza pa mafupa, tiyenera kudziwa kuti nyama yam'nyanjayi ili ndi mitima itatu yogwira ntchito, ndipo magazi ake amakhala amtundu wabuluu kapena wabuluu wabuluu ndi hemocyanin, chimodzimodzi momwe munthu amafiira ofiira ndi hemoglobin.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa nsombazi wakuda
Ponena za zizolowezi, chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa cuttlefish, akuwunikiridwa mwakhama. Tsoka ilo, sayansi yatsalira kwambiri ndi nyumba zoyendetsera nsomba, zomwe sizinatenge nthawi yayitali kugwira nsomba zam'madzi izi.
Chifukwa cha izi, mitundu yoposa 17 mwa mitundu 30 yomwe idadziwika inali pafupi kutha, makamaka nyama zakugombe la Australia zili pachiwopsezo cha kutha, kuphatikiza chakuda chakuda.
Pachithunzicho ndi nsomba yakuda yakuda
Amadziwika kuchokera kuzowona zam'madzi kuti mollusc iyi ndiwanzeru kwambiri ndipo imatha kukumbukira bwino. Ngati wina "wakhumudwitsa" cuttlefish, ngakhale zaka pambuyo pake, ngati pali mwayi wabwino, amabwezera mopanda chisoni, ndipo mosakayikira ndi wolakwayo, osapweteketsa nthumwi zake.
Kuchuluka kwa ubongo wa thupi ndi thupi la nkhonozi ndi wokulirapo kuposa nsomba ndi nyamayi, ndipo asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mphamvu ya cuttlefish ndiyofanana ndi nyama zam'madzi.
Malinga ndi zomwe awunikira aku Oceanarium ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa ku Georgia Institute lofalitsidwa mu 2010, mayendedwe azikhalidwe nsomba zam'madzi ndipo sikwidi chosiyana kwambiri ndi wina ndi mnzake, ngakhale m'mbuyomu zimawerengedwa kuti ndizosiyana.
Ngakhale mollusks amakhala moyo wokhawokha, ali ndi "mabanja" komanso magulu omwe amasonkhana pamodzi "nthawi yokhwima", yomwe imafotokozedwa ndikufunika kwachitetezo, popeza mgwirizano wamasewera achikondi mu mollusks awa umatsimikizika kamodzi ...
Zakudya zakuda za cuttlefish
Tsopano zakhala zotsogola kwambiri kubzala mitundu yaying'ono ya nkhonozi m'madzi am'madzi. Komabe, kale gulani nsomba za cuttlefish, ngakhale wokongola kwambiri, muyenera kudziwa zomwe amadya. Nyama zimenezi ndi zolusa. Amasaka chilichonse chomwe angagwire ndikumeza - nsomba, nkhanu ndi nyama zina.
Chifukwa chake, kupita kusitolo, Kuti angathe gulani nsomba za cuttlefish m'nyanja yamchere. Muyenera kukhala okonzeka m'maganizo kuti mphindi idzafika pomwe sipadzakhala nsomba mu aquarium iyi, monga nkhono.
Mbalame yakuda yakuda
Amakonda kudya ma mollusk awa, ndipo malinga ndi zomwe awona, mu aquarium, nsomba za cuttlefish zimakula ndikulemera m'miyoyo yawo yonse. Kulemera kwa "wokhala" wakale kwambiri ku Georgia Institute Oceanarium, malinga ndi kafukufuku mu 2010, adadutsa makilogalamu 20. Komabe, pomwe izi zikuwerengedwa, zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zabodza.
Kubalana ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa cuttlefish yakuda
Pokhala okha, pafupifupi kamodzi pachaka ndi theka, cuttlefish imasonkhana m'magulu akulu ndikukhala pamalo ozama kwambiri, ndipo imatha kuyenda mozungulira mpaka wamkulu atasankha yoyenera kwambiri.
Kuswana nsomba yakuda
Patsiku loyamba pali china chake monga kukhazikika m'malo atsopano, kuyang'ana malo ozungulira, ndipo, oddly mokwanira, kusintha mitundu. Ma molluscs amawoneka ngati atavala. Mwachitsanzo, cuttlefish yakuda imatenga utoto wofiira ndi mikwingwirima yakutali.
Komabe, imatha "kuvala" m'malo oyera. Kuchokera pamwamba, mzinda wa ziphuphu panthawiyi ukuwoneka ngati kuyeretsa. Wodzazidwa ndi maluwa achilendo osatheka kwambiri, mithunzi ya surreal.
Pa tsiku lachiwiri, maanja okhazikika amapezana, ndipo achinyamata amayamba kudziwana ndikusamalirana. Kwa nthawi yayitali amakhulupirira kuti nsomba za cuttlefish zimaswana kamodzi m'moyo wawo, koma tsopano zatsimikiziridwa kale kuti sizili choncho.
Koma mabanja awo amakhaladi ndi moyo. Kuphatikiza apo, chachimuna chimakonda kwambiri chachikazi, chimangokhalira kumugwira, kumukumbatira, pomwe zonse zimanyezimira kuchokera mkati ndi kuwala kwapinki. Chithunzi chokongola modabwitsa komanso chokongola.
Kubereka kumachitika mwachindunji poyikira mazira. Mkazi amawayika atapachikidwa, ngati magulu a mphesa; mtundu wakuda wakuda wa clutch umaperekanso kufanana ndi zipatso, pomwe umuna umapezeka.
Mazira akuda akuda
Amabadwa, kapena m'malo mwake amaswa, ana amakhala odziyimira pawokha, okhala ndi zipinda za inki zokwanira komanso amakhala ndi chibadwa chonse chofunikira kuti apulumuke.
Mpaka posachedwa, amakhulupirira kuti akuluakulu amamwalira pambuyo pa masewera okwatirana, kapena, monga momwe asayansi nthawi zina amanenera, kubereka. Kukayikira koyamba pankhaniyi yasayansi kunabweretsedwa ndi ogwira ntchito odyera angapo am'nyanja, m'badwo wazinyama zazing'ono zikawonekera m'madzi awo, ndipo makolo awo sadzafa konse. Ma Aquariums anali okongoletsa, motero nyama zophika phala ndi inki ya cuttlefish kwa iwo sanagwidwe.
Pambuyo pake, zomwezo zinalembedwa ku Georgia Aquarium. Chifukwa chake, pakadali pano kutalika kwa mollusks ndi zina mwazinthu zomwe zimachitika pakubereka ndi funso lotseguka, lotsutsana ndi asayansi, lomwe lilibe mayankho osamveka komanso olondola.
Posachedwa, okonda Russia am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi adatha kubzala mwalamulo nkhonozi, zomwe sizinali zotheka mpaka 2012. Monga lamulo, nzika za m'nyanjayi zimakhala zazitali masentimita 5 mpaka 10 ndipo sizosangalatsa pakuwona koyamba, zikufanana ndi octopus wophika wowoneka bwino.
Makanda akuda a Nsomba
Komabe, simuyenera kulabadira izi, muyenera kukumbukira kuti mollusk amasintha utoto. Ndipo kukhala mu khola la zokongola zam'nyanja iyi ndi mayeso enieni komanso kupsinjika kwakukulu. Mitengo ya cuttlefish ndiyosiyana, pafupifupi ndi 2600 mpaka 7000 zikwi za ruble. Kugula awiri sikofunika, kupatula apo, ngati kumvera chisoni kukuwonekera pakati pa nkhono ziwiri zogulitsa.
Mwambiri, ngakhale zomwe zili pakutsanzira nyengo yam'madzi ndizovuta, zimadzilungamitsa, ndikupangitsa kuti tsiku lililonse zizisilira nyama zam'madzi zachilendozi, zosiyana kwambiri ndi zonse zomwe anthu amazidziwa.
