Chimodzi mwazinyama zodabwitsa kwambiri padziko lathuli wakuda tapir tapir... Ma tapir ndi zitsamba zazikulu zazikulu kuchokera ku artiodactyl. Amawoneka ngati nkhumba m'maonekedwe awo, komabe, ali ndi thunthu ngati njovu. Pali nthano yonena za matepi akuti Mlengi adapanga nyamazi kuchokera mbali zotsalira za matupi a nyama zina, ndipo nthano iyi ili ndi chifukwa chomveka.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Tapir yothandizidwa ndi wakuda
Tapirus indicus (tapir-back-tapir) ndi ya nyama, mtundu wa chordate, nyama zam'makalasi, dongosolo lokhazikika, banja la tapir, mtundu wa tapir, mitundu ya tapir yakuda. Ma tapir ndi nyama zakale modabwitsa. Makolo akale a tapir ankakhala pa dziko lathu zaka makumi atatu zapitazo, komabe, matepi amakono masiku ano samasiyana ndi makolo awo. Amadziwika kuti Ice Age isanachitike, tapir amakhala ku Europe, North America ndi China.
Lero pali mitundu itatu yokha yama tapir yotsalira:
- Mexico tapir (mtundu uwu umakhala m'malo ochokera kumwera kwa Mexico kupita ku Ecuador);
- Brazil (amakhala kumadera ochokera ku Paraguay kupita ku Colombia);
- Mountain Tapir amakhala ku Colombia ndi ku Ecuador. Ma tapir am'mapiri adakutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda.
Ma tapir ali ngati nkhumba kapena kavalo. Miyendo ya tapir ndi yofanana ndi ya kavalo. Pamiyendo, ziboda zimakhala ndi zala zitatu kumbuyo kwa miyendo yakumbuyo, ndipo zala zinayi kutsogolo. Komanso pamiyendo pamakhala maimbidwe ngati kavalo. Ma tapir ali ndi thupi lokulirapo, mutu wawung'ono pomwe pali thunthu losunthika. Nyama izi zimabadwa mu mtundu wofanana ndi womwe makolo awo ankakhalamo: mikwingwirima yopepuka imadutsa kumbuyo kwakuda ndikutambasula kuyambira mutu mpaka mchira.
Tapir yakumbuyo yakuda imasiyanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa malo akulu owala pa malaya kumbuyo ndi mbali. Mu 1919, a Georges Cuvier, katswiri wodziwika bwino wa akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale, adanena kuti nyama zonse zazikulu zidapezeka ndi sayansi, komabe, patatha zaka zingapo adaonjezeranso nyama ina yodabwitsa pantchito yake "Mbiri Yachilengedwe" - tapir.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Tapir yakuda yakuda mwachilengedwe
Tapir yam'manja yakuda ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri pakati pa banja la tapir. Kutalika kwa thupi kuchokera pa 1,9 mpaka 2.5 mita. Kutalika kwa nyama ikamafota kumachokera pa 0.8 mpaka mita imodzi. Wamkulu amalemera makilogalamu 245 mpaka 330. Komabe, panali anthu ena olemera theka la tani. Komanso, akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna. Tapir wamaso akuda amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu ina ndi malo ake oyera oyera kumbuyo, komwe kumatsikiranso mbali. Mtundu wa tapir ndi bulauni yakuda kapena wakuda.
Pali malire oyera kumapeto kwa makutu. Pakubadwa, anawo amakhala ndi utoto wamizeremizere, ndipo pakadutsa miyezi 7 yokha mtunduwo umasintha ndipo chishalo chachikulu choyera chimapangidwa pa malayawo. Tsitsi la mtundu uwu ndi lalifupi. Khungu lakuthwa ndi lakuda. Pa nape ndi mutu, khungu limakhala lolimba kwambiri, izi zimateteza tapir kuti asavulazidwe.
Kanema: Tapir yothandizidwa ndi wakuda
Tapir ndi nyama yayikulu yokhala ndi ziboda zazikulu ngati mahatchi. Cholowacho ndi chovuta, koma matepi amayenda mwachangu kwambiri. Mutu ndi wocheperako pamutu pali makutu ang'ono ndi thunthu lalikulu losinthasintha. Thunthu limapangidwa ndi milomo ndi mphuno yakumtunda.
Maso a nyamawo ndi ang'onoang'ono, ovunda. Anthu ambiri amtunduwu ali ndi matenda monga kuwonongeka kwa diso, kotero ma tapir ambiri samatha kuwona bwino. Komabe, izi zimakhumudwitsidwa ndi kununkhira kwabwino komanso kukhudza. Tapir ili ndi mchira wawung'ono. Miyendo ya nyamayo ndi yofanana ndi ya kavalo, komabe, ndi yayifupi kwambiri.
Kodi matepi amtundu wakuda amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Tapir yothandizidwa ndi wakuda ku Thailand
Kumtchire, ma tapir amakhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, ndipo nyama zodabwitsa izi zimapezekanso m'chigawo chapakati ndi chakumwera kwa Thailand, ku Malaysia, Miami, komanso pachilumba cha Sumatra. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, nyamazi zimapezeka m'nkhalango zotentha kumwera kwa Cambodia ndi Vietnam. Ma tapir amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri.
Amasankha malo omwe pali zomera zobiriwira zambiri komanso komwe amatha kubisala pamaso pa adani. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika posankha malo okhala ndi kupezeka kwa dziwe. Ma Tapir ndi osambira abwino kwambiri ndipo amakhala moyo wawo wonse m'madzi; salola kutentha ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali mosungira madzi. Akasambira, nyamazi zimalumikizananso ndi nsomba zazing'ono, zimatsuka tsitsi la nyama ku tiziromboti tosiyanasiyana.
Chosangalatsa: Pakati pa matepi amtundu wakuda, nthawi zambiri pamakhala anthu akuda kwathunthu, omwe amatchedwa melanists. Kuphatikiza pa utoto, sizimasiyana ndi mitundu ina yamtunduwu. Kutalika kwa moyo wa tapir pafupifupi zaka 30.
Nyama zimayesetsa kuti zisapite kuzigwa ndi malo otseguka popeza zili ndi adani ambiri ngakhale zili zazikulu. Akambuku ndi mikango, anacondas ndi nyama zina zambiri zolusa zimalota kudya nyama ya tapir. Chifukwa chake, ma tapir amakhala ndi moyo wachinsinsi, amayenda m'nkhalango makamaka usiku, usiku mtundu wawo umakhala ngati wodzibisa, popeza mumdima nyama yolusa silingathe kusiyanitsa mizere ya nyama yomwe imangowona malo oyera okha, chinyengo chowoneka chotere chimapulumutsa ma tapir kuchokera kuzilombo.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe tapir wakuda wakuda amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi tapir wakuda wakuda amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Tapir yothandizidwa ndi wakuda kuchokera ku Red Book
Ma tapir ndi malo odyetserako ziweto.
Zakudya za tapir zimakhala ndi:
- masamba a zomera zosiyanasiyana;
- zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba;
- zipatso;
- nthambi ndi mphukira zitsamba;
- Moss, bowa ndi ndere;
- zitsamba ndi algae.
Koposa zonse, ma tapir amakonda mchere, nthawi zambiri amatengedwa mthupi lawo, ma tapir amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali kukafunafuna zokomazi. Ayeneranso kudya choko ndi dongo, zinthu izi ndi gwero labwino kwambiri lofufuzira zinthu. Pomwe ma tapir ali m'madzi, amatenga ndere ndi thunthu lawo, amadya plankton, amatola nthambi ku tchire lodzaza madzi. Tapir ili ndi chida chabwino kwambiri chopeza chakudya - thunthu. Ndi thunthu lake, tapir amatola masamba ndi zipatso m'mitengo ndikuziyika mkamwa.
Ngakhale amakhala ovuta panja, ma tapir ndi nyama zolimba ndipo nthawi ya chilala amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali kukafunafuna chakudya. M'madera ena, nyama zokongolazi komanso bata zimatha kuwononga kwambiri. Ma tapir amatha kuponda ndikudya masamba ndi nthambi m'minda momwe mumamera mitengo ya chokoleti, ndipo nyama izi zimakondanso nzimbe, mango ndi mavwende, ndipo zitha kuvulaza minda yazomera. Ali mu ukapolo, ma tapir amapatsidwa chakudya chofanana ndi nkhumba. Ma Tapir amakonda kudya buledi komanso maswiti osiyanasiyana. Mutha kudya oats, tirigu, ndi zipatso zina za mbewu ndi ndiwo zamasamba zosiyanasiyana.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Tapir yothandizidwa ndi wakuda
Kutchire, ma tapir ndi nyama zobisa kwambiri, amakhala usiku. Masana, nyamazi zimakhala pafupifupi tsiku lonse m'madzi. Kumeneko amabisala adani ndi dzuwa lotentha. Komanso nyamazi nthawi zonse sizimadana ndi kusamba matope, izi zimawachotsera tiziromboti tomwe timakhala paubweya wawo, ndipo zimasangalatsa nyamazo. Ma Tapir amasambira bwino, kuphatikiza pansi pamadzi, amatha kupeza chakudya chawo kumeneko. Pozindikira kuwopsa, tapir imatha kulowa m'madzi osawoneka pamwamba kwakanthawi.
Usiku, ma tapir amayenda m'nkhalango kufunafuna chakudya. Nyamazi zimawona bwino, koma kusawona bwino kumalipidwa ndikumva kununkhira ndi kukhudza, mumdima amatsogoleredwa ndi phokoso ndi kununkhira. Ma Tapir ndi amanyazi kwambiri, akumamva phokoso kapena akumva kuti nyama ikhoza kuyisaka, imathawa mwachangu mokwanira. Masana, amayesetsa kuti asatuluke m'nkhalango kapena madzi, kuti asagwidwe ndi chilombo.
Ma Tapir amakhala moyo wokhawokha, chosiyana ndi nthawi yokhwima, pomwe yamphongo imakumana ndi yaikazi kuti ibereke ndikubereka ana. Nthawi zina, nyama zimachita nkhanza kwa abale awo, saloledwa kulowa mdera lawo, ngakhale atasamuka, ma tapir amasunthira m'modzi kapena awiriawiri kuchokera kwa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Kuti alankhulane, ma tapir amapanga kulira kofanana ndi mluzu. Powona wachibale wake pafupi naye, tapir ayesetsa m'njira iliyonse kuti amuchotse m'gawo lake.
Chosangalatsa: ma tapir amakula pamalingaliro ofanana ndi nkhumba zoweta. Ngakhale kuthengo, nyama izi zimachita zinthu mwankhanza, zimazolowera moyo wakundende, zimayamba kumvera anthu ndikuwamvetsetsa.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Tapir Cub yakuda
Nthawi yokwanira ya ma tapir imagwera kumapeto kwa kasupe, makamaka kumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi. Koma nthawi zina amakhalanso mu Juni. Mu ukapolo, ma tapir ali okonzeka kuswana chaka chonse. Asanakwatirane, ma tapir amakhala ndimasewera olimbirana: nyama zimamveketsa mluzu kwambiri, ndi mamvekedwe amenewa, akazi amatha kupeza yamphongo m'nkhalango zowirira, ndi yamphongo yazimayi. Pakukwerana, nyama zimangokhalira kuluma, kulumphana, ndikupanga phokoso lalikulu.
Kuyanjana kumayambitsidwa ndi mkazi. Mimba mwa mkazi ndi yayitali kwambiri ndipo imatha masiku 410. Kwenikweni, ma tapir amabereka mwana m'modzi yekha, makamaka mapasa amabadwa. Mkazi amasamalira mwana, amamudyetsa komanso kumuteteza ku ngozi.
Kamwana kakabadwa, kamwanaka kakhala mumsasa kwakanthawi, koma akafika sabata limodzi, kamphako kamayamba kuyenda ndi amayi ake. Ma tapir ang'ono amakhala ndi utoto wamizere yoteteza yomwe isintha pakapita nthawi. Kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira, mkazi amadyetsa mwanawo mkaka; Popita nthawi, mwana amasintha kubzala chakudya, kuyambira ndi masamba ofewa, zipatso ndi udzu wofewa. Ana a tapir amakula mwachangu kwambiri ndipo pofika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi tapir wachinyamatayo amakhala wamkulu ngati wamkulu. Ma tapir ali okonzeka kuswana ali ndi zaka 3-4.
Adani achilengedwe a matepi amtundu wakuda
Chithunzi: Tapir yakuda yakuda mwachilengedwe
Nyama zokongolazi zili ndi adani ambiri kuthengo. Adani akuluakulu a tapir ndi awa:
- zofunda;
- nyamazi ndi akambuku;
- ng'ona;
- njoka Anaconda;
- zoyipa.
Kuchokera kuzilombo zazikulu zamphaka, ma tapir amabisala m'madzi, popeza nyama izi sizimakonda madzi. Koma m'madzi a tapir, vuto lina limadikirira - awa ndi ng'ona ndi anacondas. Ng'ona ndizachangu komanso zabwino kwambiri posaka m'madzi, ndipo ndizovuta kuti tapir ipulumuke kwa adani awa.
Koma mdani wamkulu wa tapirs anali ndipo amakhalabe munthu. Ndi anthu omwe amadula nkhalango momwe ma tapir amakhala. Nyama zosauka izi zilibe pokhala, chifukwa m'malo otseguka nthawi yomweyo amakhala nyama yolanda, kuwonjezera apo, podula nkhalango, munthu amachotsa nyama izi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri - chakudya. Komanso m'malo ambiri ma tapir amawonongedwa ndi anthu kuti asunge zokolola.
Zimadziwika kuti nyamazi zimawononga mbewu ndi minda yazipatso ndi mitengo yamafuta, chifukwa chake anthu amathamangitsa matepi ngati awona kuti nyamazi zimakhala pafupi ndi mbewu. Ngakhale panthawiyi kusaka ma tapir ndikoletsedwa, nyamazi zikupitilirabe kuwonongeka chifukwa nyama ya tapir imawerengedwa kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri, ndipo impso ndi zikwapu zimapangidwa kuchokera pakhungu lolimba la nyama. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha anthu, kuchuluka kwa tapir kwatsika kwambiri, ndipo mtundu uwu watsala pang'ono kutha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Matepi awiri amtundu wakuda
Chifukwa choti pafupifupi 50% ya nkhalango zidadulidwa m'malo okhala ma tapir mzaka zaposachedwa, ndipo nkhalango zomwe zidatsalapo sizingafikiridwe ndi tapir, kuchuluka kwa nyama kwatsika kwambiri. M'malo momwe nyama izi zimakhalamo, ndi nkhalango 10% zokha zomwe zatsala, zomwe ndizoyenera ma tapir. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama nthawi zambiri zimazunzidwa ndi anthu chifukwa chakuwononga ndikuwononga mbewu. Nyama zimaphedwa kapena kuvulala mosazindikira zikafuna kuthamangitsidwa kuchokera kuminda.
Chosangalatsa: Ngati tapir ikwera m'minda ndi madera ena otetezedwa ndi agalu, agalu akaukira, ma tapir sathawa, koma akuwonetsa ukali. Ngati tapir atsekedwa ndi agalu, imatha kuyamba kuluma ndikuwukira. Kuphatikiza apo, tapir, pozindikira ngozi, ikhoza kuwukira munthu.
Masiku ano mitundu ya Tapirus indicus Black-backed tapir yalembedwa mu Red Book ndipo ili ndi mtundu wazilombo zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Kusaka nyama zamtunduwu ndikoletsedwa ndi lamulo, komabe, ma tapir ambiri akuwonongedwa ndi osaka nyama. Ma tapir amakhala pachiwopsezo makamaka pakusamuka, pomwe amakakamizidwa kupita kumalo otseguka.
Ngati anthu sasiya kudula nkhalango ndikusaka ma tapir, nyamazi sizidzakhalaponso. Ma tapir ambiri tsopano amakhala m'malo otetezedwa, koma nyama izi sizimabala kwenikweni. Ndizovuta kwambiri kutsata kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa ma tapir kuthengo chifukwa choti nyama zimayenda usiku komanso zimakhala zobisa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ma tapir amatha kusamuka m'malo omwe amakhala kuti akapeze chakudya, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kudziwa komwe akupita.
Chitetezo cha matepi amtundu wakuda
Chithunzi: Tapir yothandizidwa ndi wakuda kuchokera ku Red Book
Kudula mitengo m'nkhalango zam'malo otentha, komwe kumakhala ma tapir, kwakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa anthu amtunduwu. Kusunga kuchuluka kwa ma tapir ku Nicaragua, Thailand ndi mayiko ena ambiri, kusaka njoka za tapir ndikoletsedwa ndi lamulo. Zowonjezera zimakhudzidwa ndikulimbana ndi osaka nyama. Zosungidwa zimapangidwa momwe nyamazi zimakhala ndikukhala bwino. Awa ndi Nicaragua National Park, pomwe ma tapirs amapangidwira. Komanso ku Nicaragua kuli malo osungira zachilengedwe m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Caribbean, omwe amakhala pafupifupi mahekitala 700.
Ma Tapir amakhala m'malo osungira nyama zakutchire a Surima omwe amakhala pafupifupi nkhalango pafupifupi 16,000 za nkhalango pafupi ndi Caribbean, Brownsburg National Park. Ndi m'malo ena ambiri. Kumeneko, nyama zimamva bwino ndikubweretsa ana. Kuphatikiza apo, ma tapir amabadwira kumalo osungira nyama padziko lonse lapansi; ngakhale mdziko lathu, ma tapir angapo amakhala ku Moscow Zoo.
Ali mu ukapolo, amakhala omasuka, azolowera anthu mwachangu ndikulolera kuti aziwasamalira. Koma, kuwonjezera pa izi, ndikofunikira kuti tileke kudula mitengo m'malo okhala nyama izi. Kupanda kutero, ma tapir amtundu wakuda amangofa. Tiyeni tisamalire zachilengedwe limodzi, tidzasamala kwambiri nyama ndi malo awo. Tiyenera kupanga malo ena osungira, mapaki m'malo okhala nyama izi ndikupanga zikhalidwe za nyama.
Tapir wakuda nyama yodekha kwambiri komanso yobisa. Kumtchire, zolengedwa zosauka izi zimayenera kubisala nthawi zonse kwa adani ndi osaka. Zizolowezi zazikulu za nyama ndizovuta kwambiri kuzitsata chifukwa chakuti nyama ndizosatheka kuzitsatira kuthengo. Zochepa ndizodziwika pazinyama zakalezi mpaka sayansi yamakono, ndipo titha kuphunzira zizolowezi za ma tapir awa kuchokera kwa ogwidwa ukapolo. Zimadziwika kuti ngakhale ma tapir amtchire, akumva otetezeka, amasiya kukhala achiwawa komanso amawongoleredwa ndi anthu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 21.07.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/29/2019 pa 18:29
