Bakha amagwedezeka imodzi mwa mbalame zofala kwambiri kumpoto. Mutha kuziwona m'dera lamapiri a tundra ndi nkhalango. Anthuwa ndi ochezeka, chifukwa chake amasokera m'magulu angapo. Abakha ndi ma thermophilic, chifukwa chake zimawulukira kumadera otentha nthawi yachisanu. Asananyamuke kapena akakwera ndege, amadzipeza okha awiri, omwe amakhala okhulupirika masiku awo onse.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Bakha wa Sviyaz
Bakha la sviyaz ndi woimira dongosolo la Anseriformes, banja la bakha ndi mtundu wa abakha amtsinje. Wachibale wapafupi kwambiri ndi mfiti yaku America. Sviyaz ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi bakha wamtchire. Ili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha kulira (mluzu) komwe limapanga. M'mabukuwa mutha kupezanso mayina amtunduwu monga whistler ndi svityaga. Mfiti ndi mbalame yosamuka; nyengo yozizira kum'mawa kwa Africa, Indochina ndi kumwera kwa Asia.
Kanema: Bakha wa Sviyaz
Makhalidwe apadera a mitundu iyi ya mbalame ndi awa:
- moyo wamagulu akulu, omwe kuchuluka kwawo kumatha kukhala mpaka masauzande angapo;
- amafanana ndi atsekwe mwamakhalidwe ndi zizolowezi;
- ubwenzi;
- malo okondedwa ndi madambo, madambo ndi minda;
- mawu omwe munthu aliyense amatulutsa ndi ofanana ndi likhweru;
- amakonda kutentha, samalekerera chisanu chachikulu, chifukwa chake, nyengo yozizira isanayambike, amathawira nthawi yozizira kumadera ofunda;
- kuuluka kwanu kuchokera ku chisanu pamene matalala asungunuka;
- ndere amakonda chakudya.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Bakha wogwedezeka, kuti atenge ndere, samangotsitsira mutu wake m'madzi, komanso, ngati kuli koyenera, amatembenuzira miyendo yake mmwamba.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi bakha amawoneka bwanji
Bakha wokhotakhota amafika pakatikati kukula kwake. Nthawi zambiri, kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumakhala masentimita 51 ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala 1 kg. Mbalameyi ili ndi mtundu wokongola kwambiri. Mtundu wa maula ndi ofiira-imvi ndi mizere. Pathupi pa bakha pamakhala chikwangwani chachikulu choyera, golide kapena chikasu.Ili pakati pa mlomo ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu. Kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe, mbalameyo imayamba kusungunuka ndikusintha mtundu wa nthenga. Bakha la wigeon ndilokwanira mokwanira, thupi limapinda molimba.
Mbalameyi imasiyana ndi abakha ena motere:
- mkulu pamphumi;
- khosi lalifupi;
- mchira wautali;
- mlomo waufupi.
Bakha wosunthira amakhala ndi nthenga za emarodi, zomwe zimawoneka kwa ena pokhapokha mapiko atatsegulidwa. Chosiyanitsa cha kutha msinkhu mwa amuna ndi mawonekedwe a mawanga oyera pamapiko. Okalamba alibe madera oterowo.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa bakha wosakhazikika mu ukapolo kumakhala zaka 15. M'malo awo achilengedwe, mbalame zimakhala zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu kutalika. Pakatalika molting, bakha sataya mphamvu zake zowuluka, chifukwa nthenga zowuluka zimagwa pang'onopang'ono, osati nthawi yomweyo.
Kodi bakha wosuntha amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Bakha wa Sviyaz ku Russia
Mtundu uwu wa abakha uli ponseponse ku Russia, Finland, kumpoto kwa Caucasus ndi Scandinavia. Pa nthaka ya Russia, ambiri amakhala mu taiga (makamaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pofunafuna chakudya akuuluka ku Arctic), m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi Kamchatka, ku Western Siberia, kumunsi kwa Ob, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Volga ndi Ural. Gawo laku Europe la Russia silikhala ndi bakha.
Kunyumba, mbalame ya sviyaz imakonda madamu ang'onoang'ono otseguka m'mitsinje yopanda zomera zambiri. Pansi pazitsime zotere pakhale ma silt ndi algae ambiri. Chifukwa chake, malo omwe amakonda kwambiri mbalame zamtunduwu ndi madambo, nyanja zamatchire ndi mitsinje.
Popeza bakha wa sviyaz ndi thermophilic, imawulukira kumadera ofunda ndi nyengo yabwino yozizira. Malo okhalamo amadalira chakudya, chifukwa amakonda makopi am'madzi ngati chakudya. Chifukwa chake, gulu lankhosa limathamangira komwe kuli kuchuluka. South Asia, Indochina, Africa, Nyanja ya Mediterranean - mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala nthawi yozizira kuno kunyanja ndi kunyanja. Pothawira m'nyengo yozizira, amasokera m'magulu akulu. Monga lamulo, amathawira kumadera otentha kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ngakhale, kutenthedwa, amatha kuchedwa kuthawa mpaka kuzizira pang'ono.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe bakha la wigeon amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe amadya.
Kodi bakha amene amapapira amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Bakha wa Wig m'chilengedwe
Bakha amadya nyama, ngakhale kuti mosazindikira amatha kudya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timaloĊµa m'mimba pamodzi ndi zomera. Mtundu uwu wa abakha umakonda kwambiri ndere, mizu ndi magawo am'mlengalenga azomera zomwe zimera m'mbali mwa madamu.
Mwa izi ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi bakha woweta. Nthawi yomweyo, njira yodyetsera mfiti imafanana ndi tsekwe zomwe zimadya udzu, chifukwa amasankha malo odyetserako udzu ndi minda ndipo amadya mbewu ndi mbewu za mmenemo.
Mtundu uwu wa bakha sukusiyana ndi maluso ena apadera pamadzi (ngakhale amatha kulowa m'madzi ngakhale kugubuduzika m'madzi), chifukwa chake ndizovuta kuti utenge chakudya m'madzi. Pozolowera, amakhala pafupi ndi gulu la abakha kapena ma swans osambira ndikunyamula chakudya chomwe apeza.
Gawo lalikulu la chakudya cha bakha wa sviyaz ndi:
- zomera zam'madzi ndi masamba omizidwa m'madzi, okhala ndi mizu yayitali;
- Zomera zam'madzi ngati maluwa amadzi;
- duckweed yaying'ono;
- kabichi wamadzi;
- dzinthu;
- ndere zobiriwira;
- zomera ndi mizu yokoma yomwe imamera m'mbali mwa magombe;
- udzu wanyanja.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ku UK, zamoyo zam'madzi zam'madzi amatchedwa "zitsamba zouluka" chifukwa ndi zomwe zimakonda kudya mbalameyo nthawi yachisanu.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Bakha wa Wig akuthawa
Abakha a Sviyaz amayesetsa kupewa malo otseguka; amakonda amadzi ang'onoang'ono ndi mitsinje. Amakhala otanganidwa masana, koma nthawi zina amatha kuwoneka akugona pamadzi masana. Pogona, amapendeketsa mitu yawo mbali imodzi. Mawigi amasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu ina ya abakha ndi mawu awo, omwe ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi kubedwa kwa abakha. Phokoso limakhala lofanana kwambiri ndi likhweru, ndichifukwa chake bakha adadziwika kuti mfiti.
Abakha amtundu wachikondiwu, amakhala pagulu. Sikuti amangokhala ochezeka, kukhulupirika ndizodziwikiratu pamakhalidwe awo. Abakha amakhala awiriawiri, pomwe wamwamuna amene wapeza wokwatirana naye samazunza mnzake.
Komabe, amuna samatsutsidwa kuti ali ndi udindo - ndi abambo oyipa. Zimauluka pachisa pasanathe masiku angapo mkazi atayika mazira. Kuphatikiza apo, amuna samachita zisa, iyi ndi bizinesi ya akazi. Mkazi samakhala ndi nkhawa makamaka za chisa chake, chifukwa chake malo abwino m'nkhalango zitha kukhala ngati malo ake okhala.
Kuti ayenge bwino, amatha kungowonjezera pansi kuchokera ku nthenga zake. Zosiyanitsa za mtundu uwu wa abakha ndizopatsanso chidwi, bata komanso ulesi, zomwe ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kwa abakha.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Anapiye a bakha la Sviyaz
Bakha wa sviyaz wokoma amakonda kukhala pagulu lalikulu, makamaka nthawi yachisanu. Kunyumba, mbalamezi zimakhamukira m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Njira yakutha msinkhu imathera mumtundu wa abakha omwe ali mchaka choyamba cha moyo, koma, monga lamulo, amayamba kukwatirana mchaka chachiwiri.
Kupanga kwa awiriawiri achimuna ndi chachikazi kumachitika kugwa asananyamuke m'nyengo yozizira kapena panthawi yomwe ikuuluka. Pakukonza mazira, anthu onse amagawika pawiri. Masewera okwatirana amakhala chete komanso modekha. Wamphongo nthawi zonse amayenda pafupi ndi wosankhidwa wake, kutambasula mapiko ake, kudziwitsa aliyense kuti ali "wotanganidwa" kale. Kuphatikizako kumatsagana ndi phokoso lalikulu lofanana ndi mluzu.
Ntchito yomanga chisa imaphatikizidwapo ntchito za akazi, wamwamuna satenga nawo mbali pantchitoyi. Chisa chili pafupi ndi mosungira m'nkhalango. Monga chisa, chachikazi chimakumba dzenje pafupifupi masentimita 7 ndikuphimba ndi nthenga zake. Nthambi ndi zomera zina, monga mbalame zina, sizigwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga chisa.
Mkazi amaikira mazira kuyambira kumapeto kwa kasupe mpaka mkatikati mwa Juni, atakhala mpaka mazira 10. Mkaziyo amaikira mazira paokha kwa masiku 25. Anapiye amakula pasanathe masiku 45, pambuyo pake amadziyimira pawokha ndipo amatha kuwuluka.
Anapiye akhanda amakhala mchisa pafupifupi tsiku limodzi (panthawiyi amafunika kuuma), kenako amapita m'madzi ndi amayi awo. Anapiye amathamanga kwambiri, amasambira ndikusambira bwino kwambiri. Kale pa tsiku la 45, amayamba kuwuluka. Pakutha nyengo yachilimwe, achinyamata amakhala ogwirizana ndikuwuluka kupita kumalo ozizira.
Adani achilengedwe a bakha wosuntha
Chithunzi: Kodi bakha amawoneka bwanji
Mitundu yambiri ya abakha akungoyenda imakopa chidwi cha anthu ambiri okhala ndi nyama zoweta zouluka. Pansi, nkhandwe, nkhandwe, amphaka a m'nkhalango, ma martens, otter, agalu amphaka, nguruwe zakutchire, njoka zimawopseza adani a abakha ndi zikopa zawo.
Mukuuluka, abakha a sviyaz amakhala nyama zambalame zazikulu: ziwombankhanga, nkhandwe, akadzidzi a mphungu, ndi zina zambiri. Mazira abakha amasakidwa ndi akhwangwala, magpies ndi gulls. Pamadzi, abakha nawonso amatsekeredwa pangozi nthawi zonse, amakhala nyama yosavuta ya ng'ona ndi nsomba zazikulu: njovu ndi mphalapala. Abakha amtunduwu samanyozanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kotero amatha kunyamula chimfine cha mbalame, helminths ndi nkhupakupa.
Chilengedwe sichinapatse abakha ntchito zapadera zodzitchinjiriza motsutsana ndi adani. Pamadzi, ndikumva phokoso lakunja, nthawi yomweyo imamira ndikusambira kutali ndi ngozi. Akuluakulu amateteza ana a kadzidzi, ndipo akagwidwa ndi nyama yowononga, amayamba kumenyana ndi mdaniyo ndikupiza mapiko awo.
Mdani wina wowopsa wa abakha a sviyaz ndi munthu yemwe wakhala akusaka nkhuku zokoma kwazaka zambiri. Munthu amasaka abakha pogwiritsa ntchito agalu osaka, omwe amatha kupeza ndikubweretsa nyama yakufa ya mbalame, kudutsa pamabedi. Spaniel amachita ntchito yabwino kwambiri yosaka pamadzi.
Koma amakonda abakha osati kokha chifukwa cha nyama yawo yokoma. Kale mu Middle Ages, anthu amayamikira kwambiri kutsika kwa ma eider, gogols, ndi ma sheath. Chifukwa cha ma gogol, akalonga a Kievan Rus adachita nkhondo zapakati pawo. Kusonkhanitsa eider pansi, yopanda magazi palokha, kunkachitika mayiko akumpoto pamlingo waukulu kwambiri kotero kuti chinthu chimodzi chokha chodetsa nkhawa chidapangitsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa abakha awa ndikukakamiza anthu kuti aziteteza.
Ndipo m'nthawi yathu ino, mtengo wa zinthu zopangidwazo ndiwokwera kwambiri, chifukwa chake ma jekete okhala ndi eider pansi atha kukhala otetezeka chifukwa cha zinthu zapamwamba. Mbiri imadziwanso njira zosowa zogwiritsa ntchito zopangira bakha, mwachitsanzo, malaya aubweya adadulidwa ndi zikopa zophatikizika, zosenda nthenga, nthawi imodzi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Bakha wamwamuna ndi wamkazi sviyaz
Kuchuluka kwa bakha la sviyaz kuli ponseponse ku Russia, Scandinavia, North Caucasus ndi Finland. Nthawi zina timagulu ting'onoting'ono ta mbalamezi timapezeka pagombe la zilumba za Arctic. Komanso, anthu ambiri amanjenje amakhala kumadera a taiga. Mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Baikal ndi mbali yakumwera ya Mapiri a Altai, Kamchatka, magombe a Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi malo omwe mbalamezi zimafalitsa.
Kuchuluka kwa abakha a sviyaz kumadziwika kuti kukufalikira. Malo okhalamo abakhawa amapitilira mamiliyoni 10 miliyoni mita. m. okhala ndi anthu 2.8 - 3.3 miliyoni. Ngakhale kuti anthu amasaka mbalame pamafakitale, akatswiri azakuthambo amakhulupirira kuti palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa kuchuluka kwa anthu kuthengo. Chifukwa chake, palibe choletsa kuwombera mtundu uwu wa bakha. Nyama ya nkhuku imadziwika kuti ndi yokoma, kotero anthu amayisaka mwachangu.
Ambiri mwa abakha a sviyaz amapezeka lero mu:
- Russia;
- Finland;
- Scandinavia.
Bakha amagwedezeka munthu wochezeka, wokhulupirika, koma waulesi momwe angafunire. Ndi nyama zambirimbiri, pansi komanso pothawa. Munthu yemweyo yemweyo ndi zamasamba, amakonda zakudya amapereka zomera za m'madzi. Kuchuluka kwa mbalame ndikofunikira, ngakhale kuti amawombera mwachangu pantchito yamafuta.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/19/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.08.2019 pa 22:55
