Tizilombo timakhala padziko lapansi, lomwe limafanana ndi kusintha kwa mtundu wawo. Tizilombo timeneti ndi monga kachilomboka. Tizilomboto timagwirizana mogwirizana ndi Hymenoptera, gawo laling'ono la mimba. Ntchentche ndi tizilombo ta m'nkhalango ndi mbewu zaulimi. Muyenera kudziwa mdaniyo powona, choncho tiyeni tikambirane za kachilomboka mwatsatanetsatane.
Kuwonekera kwa chikumbu
Banja lalikululi la kafadala limaphatikizapo anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso makulidwe. Makulidwe a kachilomboka amatha kukhala a 2 mpaka 32 millimeter. Dzinalo "atakhala m'mimba" limabwera chifukwa choti mutu wawo sunasiyanitsidwe ndi chiuno chochepa "cha aspen" kuchokera mthupi, pomwe chimawoneka cholimba. Mutu ndi waukulu, woyenda, wokhala ndi maso akulu awiri ndi atatu osavuta kutsogolo. Ndebvu zamtundu kapena zamadzimadzi.
Nsagwada zakula bwino komanso zamphamvu mokwanira. Mapiko awiri amapiko amaonekera, osapinda. Mwa akazi, sawtooth ovipositor imabisika m'mimba, momwe amathandizira. Amuna alibe ovipositor, m'malo mwabowo amakhala ndi mbale. Pamene gulugufe ali mkati mwa mphutsi, thupi lake limawoneka ngati mbozi ya gulugufe, ndipo amatchedwa pano panthawiyi ya chitukuko - mbozi yabodza.
Koma gulugufe ali ndi miyendo 6-8 yamiyendo, pomwe mbozi zenizeni zili ndi 5 kapena zochepa zokha. Ndiponso, mbozi ya sawfly ili ndi maso awiri okha, pomwe mbozi ili ndi sikisi. Mphutsi ya ntchentche yotsekemera imakhala yobiriwira yakuda ndipo imakhala yolimba pang'ono, mkati ntchentche ya nthuza mtundu wa mphutsi ndizobiriwira ndi mzere kumbuyo.
Pachithunzicho, mphutsi za ntchentche ya nthuza
Khalani nawo maula sawfly mphutsi siziri "zazing'ono", zachikasu-bulauni, ndi miyendo yotchulidwa. Mwambiri, kunja, mitundu yambiri ya ntchentche zimawoneka ngati mavu kapena njuchi, mwachitsanzo birch sawfly... Zipatso zimakhalanso ndi mikwingwirima yachikaso, yofanana ndi tizilombo toluma.
Chikhalidwe
Oimira ntchentche ndi wamba m'maiko ambiri, pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Amakonda madera ozizira komanso ozizira. Mitundu pafupifupi 850 imakhala kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa Siberia, Europe, Algeria, ndi Caucasus. Ena mwa magulu a atambala amakhala kumpoto chakutali. Zinyama zaku Finland zili pafupifupi mitundu 700 ya ntchentche, ndipo ku Russia kafadala kameneka kamaimiridwa ndi mitundu yoposa 2,000. Mabanja osakwatira amakhala ku South America ndi Australia.
Pachithunzichi pali zipatso za sawfly
Mwambiri, malo okhala amatengera kupezeka kwa chakudya chofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, wofiira wa paini wofiira amakhala kulikonse komwe kuli ma conifers - makamaka ku Europe, Russia, Caucasus, Siberia. Amakhalanso ku Asia ndi Japan, ndipo zaka 50 zapitazo anawonekera ku North America.
Ambiri mwa mphutsi za ntchentche wamba zimakhala pamitengo yambiri yamitengo. Chifukwa chake, nkhalango zosakanikirana komanso zosakhazikika zimakhala malo awo, komwe kumamera alder, thundu, msondodzi, birch.
Pachithunzicho, kachilomboka kakang'ono ka sawfly
Pali mtundu wina duwa la sawfly, zomwe, monga dzinalo limatanthawuzira, imakhala ndendende m'malo omwe maluwa ndi maluwa amchiuno amakula. Ndi dzina la mitunduyo, ndikosavuta kumvetsetsa kuti ndi mitengo iti kapena zitsamba zomwe tizilombo timakhala.
Moyo
Mphutsi za sawfly zimabadwa ndikuyamba kudya. M'njira yawo yamoyo, amafanana ndi agulugufe, ndipo ambiri mzere wawo wamtengowu ndi wofanana, zigawo zokhazokha ndizosiyana - agulugufe amakhala ndi thermophilic.
Mphutsi zomwe zimakhala pamasamba a mitengo zimawononga chomeracho. Pakati pa nyengo yabwino, mibadwo inayi ya mbewa imatha kumera, yomwe imadya masamba kuyambira masika mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Mphutsi za sawfly zimatetezedwa kwa adani mwa mitundu iwiri ndi njira zina. Kuda nkhawa ndi china chake, amakweza kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo kwa torso, ndipo aliyense amadziteteza m'njira iliyonse yomwe angathe. Birch sawfly ili ndi mtundu wobiriwira komanso mzere wakuda kumbuyo kwake, kuwonjezera apo, ikaukiridwa, imapopera mitsinje yamagazi owopsa.
Pachithunzicho pali ntchentche yodera
Gulugufe wakumpoto amaopseza mdani yemwe angakhale mdani wake podziwona kuti anthu angapo nthawi imodzi amapinda ndikukhotetsa thupi. Chifukwa chake, womenyedwayo amakhala ndi lingaliro loti womugwirirayo si wocheperako komanso kuti ndi wolimba kwambiri kwa iye. Mphutsi zina zimatetezedwa ndi zokutira phula kapena ntchofu zonunkha.
Mukamadyetsa ndikukhala pachomera, mphutsi zimatha kupanga zibowo - migodi, ndikupukuta masambawo mumachubu. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga milungu ingapo kuti mbozi idye yokwanira ndikutsika mumtengo pansi, pomwe imamangapo cocoko momwe imaphunzirira kapena kudikirira nthawi yoyenera.
Chakudya
Pazakudya zopatsa thanzi, ntchentche zonse zimakhala ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana - zonse ndizodyetsa. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala pazomera zosiyanasiyana zolimidwa komanso zamtchire ndikuwononga ziwalo zawo. Gulugufe wonyezimira amakonda masamba a zipatso monga peyala, chitumbuwa, quince, maula, zipatso zokoma ndi zina.
Chimodzi mwa zipatso za sawflies ndi peyala woluka, zimakhudza kwambiri peyala, komanso zimapezeka pamtengo wa apulo. Njira zowongolera Sawfly Mitunduyi ndi yovuta kwambiri - muyenera kusonkhanitsa ndikuwotcha masamba onse omwe angakhale ndi zisa za tizilombo.
Gulugufe sawfly amakhazikika makamaka pachitsamba cha dzina lomweli, kapena zimakhudza ma currants ofiira. Ntchentche zimatha kudya masamba onse, ndikusiya mitsempha yolimba kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, palibe chifukwa chodikirira zokolola zilizonse, ndipo zitsamba zofooka sizingakhale m'nyengo yozizira.
Pachithunzicho, mphutsi ya sawfly
Mtundu wosiyana wa maula agulugufe umadyetsa zamkati mwa ovary. Mazira atayikidwa maluwa amakhala mphutsi ndipo amadya zipatso zamwala kuchokera mkati. Pachifukwa ichi, mabulosiwo amadzaza ndi madzi, chifukwa cha ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya mphutsi.
Chimodzi mwazovulaza kwambiri ulimi - buledi sawfly... Mkazi wamkulu amapatsira mapesi a tirigu, balere, oats ndi mazira. Tizilombo tina tating'ono tomwe timawononga spikelets 30-50. Ngakhale kuti mbozi ya sawfly imakhala yolimba kwambiri, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timadyetsa. Pokhapokha atakhala kuti amatenga timadzi tokoma m'maluwa. Tanthauzo la moyo wake ndikubala.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kumayambiriro kwa masika, ntchentche zimakwerana, ndipo chachikazi chidzaikira mazira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Mkazi amaikira mazira padera, chifukwa chilichonse chimadula pamasamba, phukira kapena tsinde la chomeracho.
Chithunzi ndi saw sawfly
Amatsekera mthumba ndi dzira lokhala ndi zimbudzi zoteteza dzira ndi mbewuzo kuti zisawole. Popita nthawi, chimbudzicho chimalimbitsidwa, ndipo dzira limayamba kale mkati mwa chomeracho. Mitundu ina ya ntchentche zazimayi (mwachitsanzo, waku Australia) zimayang'anira zowomba zawo koyamba, kuyimirira pamwamba pake. Nthawi zambiri, masiku 9-11 amapita asanafike.
Mphutsi zoswedwa zimayamba kudya minofu ya mbewu yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi iwo. Dzira likaikidwa pa tsamba, mbozi imayamba kudya. Atatha kudya, mphutsi zimatsikira pansi kukachita pupate, izi zimachitika koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Mphutsi zimamanga zikwa makamaka kuchokera kufumbi, ndowe zawo ndi malovu.
Pakati pa chilimwe, m'badwo wachiwiri wa mphutsi umatuluka kuchokera ku zikwa izi, zomwe zidzaukiranso chomeracho. Pakakhala nyengo yabwino, ntchentche imatha kutumpha mibadwo inayi. Kwa nyengo yozizira, mphutsi zimapanga cocoko chosazama pansi, ndikudikirira chisanu kumeneko. Pakakhala zovuta, mbozizi zimatha kukhalabe mpaka chaka chamawa, ndikupanga malo osungira mitundu yawo ndikusunga anthu. Gulugufe wamkulu amakhala masiku ochepa, pomwe mphutsi imatha kukhala zaka 1-2.
