Nkhonozi zimadziwika kuyambira kale. Pliny Wamkulu wachiroma wakale wachiroma adalemba m'malemba ake za kuswana nkhono mphesa amzathu kuti azidyetsa anthu osauka kwambiri. Mpaka pano, minda yapadera imapangidwa mwanjira zamakono, koma kukoma kwa nkhono za nkhono tsopano kwadziwika kwambiri ndi ma gourmets.
Dzinalo la cholengedwa chapadziko lapansi chotchedwa gastropod chidayamba chifukwa chakuwopsa kwa mipesa, koma pali mayina ena osiyanasiyana: apulo, denga, Roma, Burgundy, kapena nkhono yodyedwa.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Molluscs samakhala molingana ndi dzina m'minda yamphesa, komanso m'minda, nkhalango zowirira komanso zigwa zokhala ndi tchire. Nthaka ya miyala yamchere komanso zamchere ndimakonda kwambiri nkhono zokonda kutentha.
Gawo la ku Europe, North Africa ndi Western Asia, South America kumakhala anthu ambirimbiri a nkhono zomwe sizimangokhala zachilengedwe zokha, komanso mumzinda, pafupi ndi misewu yayikulu komanso nyumba zogona.
Kuti azolowere mphukira zazing'ono zazomera, nkhono zimawerengedwa ngati tizirombo ndipo ndi zoletsedwa mwalamulo kulowetsa kumayiko ena. Koma nthawi yomweyo Ubwino wa nkhono za mphesa zoonekeratu kwa mafakitale azakudya ndi zamankhwala.
Malinga ndi kukula kwake, nkhonozi ndi pafupifupi malo akulu kwambiri ku Europe. Thupi limakhala ndi torso ndi chipolopolo, chopindika mozungulira ndi kutembenuka kwa 4.5. Kutalika kwa nyumba ya nkhonoyi kumakhala mpaka masentimita 5, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi masentimita 4.7. Izi ndizokwanira kuti thupi likhale lokwanira kwathunthu.
Pamwamba pa chipolopolocho chimalola kuti chinyontho chikhalebe chokwanira komanso chimalimbitsa nyumbayo, yomwe imatha kupirira kuthamanga kwa 13 kg. Nkhonoyo imalemera 50 g.
Thupi loyenda komanso lotanuka nthawi zambiri limakhala lofiirira ngati mtundu, wokutidwa ndi makwinya kuti asunge madzimadzi ndikupereka mayendedwe. Nkhono iliyonse imakhala ndi matupi ake okhathamira, nthawi zina samadziwika kwenikweni. Kupuma ndi pulmonary. Magazi alibe mtundu.
Kuyenda kwa nkhono kumaperekedwa ndi mwendo waukulu. Imayenda pamwamba ndikulumikizana ndi minofu yomwe ili pamtunda ndikutambasula thupi. Kutalika kwa mwendo kumafikira masentimita 5-8. Mukuyenda, nkhono, chifukwa cha ma gland apadera omwe ali kutsogolo, amatulutsa ntchofu, zomwe zimachepetsa kukangana.
Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa nkhono kumakhala pafupifupi 1.5 mm pamphindikati paliponse: yopingasa, yowongoka, yopendekera. Amakhulupirira kuti zotupa za mucous zimangouma, koma zomwe apeza zikuwonetsa momwe mollusk imayambira madzi kudzera pabowo lokhalo.
Pamakhala ntchofu nthawi zonse, izi zimasunga madzi mkati mwa thupi. Ngati nyengo imagwa, nkhonoyo siyidandaula ndipo imasiya njira, chifukwa sizovuta kubwezeretsanso. Mtundu wa chipolopolo nthawi zambiri umakhala wachikaso wachikaso ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yopingasa. Pali monochromatic, mchenga wachikasu anthu opanda mikwingwirima.
Mithunzi imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa chakudya cha mollusk ndi malo omwe muyenera kudzibisa nokha kwa adani ambiri: achule, zikopa, timadontho, abuluzi, mbalame, mahedgehogs, mbewa ndi tizilombo todya nyama. Nkhono zimakhala ndi tizilomboto timene timayenda m'kati mwawo.
Pamutu pake pali nkhono zokhala ndi ziwalo zofunika kwambiri. Amayenda kwambiri ndipo amadzuka ndikugwa pamalo owongoka; monga lamulo, amapangika mbali wina ndi mnzake.
Zamkatimu, mpaka 4-5 mm kutalika, zimathandizira kugwira ntchito. Kumbuyo, mpaka kukula kwa 2 cm, ndizoyang'ana m'maso. Nkhono sizimasiyanitsa mitundu, koma zimawona zinthu pafupi, mpaka 1 cm, zimachita mphamvu yakuunikira. Mahema onse amakhala ndi chidwi chachikulu: ndikakhudza pang'ono, amabisala mkati.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ntchito ya nkhono imawonetsedwa nyengo yotentha: kuyambira koyambirira kwa masika mpaka kugwa chisanu. M'nyengo yozizira, amagwera m'mizere yoimitsidwa, kapena yozizira. Nthawi yotsala imatha miyezi itatu. Mollusks amakonza zipinda m'nthawi yachisanu. Pokhala akumba bwino, amalimbitsa ndi mwendo wawo wolimba.
Kuzama kwa masentimita 6 mpaka 30 kumadalira kachulukidwe ka nthaka ndi zina. Ngati nkhonoyi singabowole panthaka yolimba, imabisala pansi pa masamba. Pakamwa pa nkhonoyo imamangiriridwa ndi filimu yapadera ya ntchofu, yomwe, itatha kuumitsa, imasandulika chivindikiro cholimba. Mpweya pang'ono umasungidwa kuti ulowetse mpweya.
Mutha kuwona izi nkhono ikamizidwa m'madzi - thovu liziwoneka ngati umboni wosinthana ndi gasi. Kukula kwa pulagi yotere kumadalira nyengo yozizira. Chipolopolo cha laimu chimateteza molimbika thupi la mollusk kuchokera kunja. Pakati pa kugona, kuchepa thupi kumafikira 10%, ndipo kuchira kumatenga mwezi umodzi mutadzuka.
Ntchentche ya nkhono nthawi zonse imagona ili pakamwa. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi mpweya wocheperako, sungani mabakiteriya kunja ndikuthandizira kudzuka kwamasika. Kuti asadzaze madzi, ayenera kufika pamtunda mwachangu momwe angathere m'maola ochepa.
Masana, nkhono zamphongo sizimangokhala, zimabisala m'malo osawoneka bwino pansi pa masamba kapena miyala, panthaka yonyowa kapena moss wonyowa. Chinyezi cha mpweya chimakhudza nkhono.
M'nyengo youma, ndiwotopetsa komanso osagwira ntchito, atakhala m'matumba okutidwa ndi chophimba chowonekera kuchokera pakusintha kwamadzi ndi madzi m'thupi. Pamasiku amvula, nkhono imatuluka m'chipale chofewa, imadya filimu yoteteza pakamwa pa chipolopolo, kuthamanga kwake kumawonjezeka, komanso nthawi yakusaka chakudya mwachangu imakula.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti kusinthika, kapena kubwezeretsa kwa ziwalo za thupi zosowa ndi nkhono. Ngati nyamayo ikaluma nsanamira kapena gawo lina la mutu wake kuchokera ku nkhono, nkhono sidzafa, koma imatha kukulitsa chosowacho pasanathe milungu 2-4.
Kuswana Nkhono zamphesa kunyumba lero si zachilendo. Izi zikufotokozera kuti m'maiko angapo, ngakhale kuli koletsa kugula kwa nkhono, chidwi chawo chimatsalira, ndipo mtengo ukukwera.
Chakudya
Chakudya chachikulu cha nkhono zowononga ndi mphukira zazing'ono za zomera, zomwe zimaonedwa ngati tizirombo. Momwe mungadyetse nkhono zamphesa kunyumba? Amakonda masamba ndi zipatso: nthochi, maungu, zukini, maapulo, nkhaka, kaloti, beets, kabichi ndi zina zambiri. Mwambiri, mndandanda wazomera zazomera ndizoposa 30, kuphatikizapo plantain, burdock, dandelions, sorelo, nettle.
Mu ukapolo, mkate wothiridwa amakhala chakudya kwa iwo. Amatha kudya masamba ena okugwa, zotsalira za chakudya pokhapokha ngati alibe chakudya. Ndiye zomera zowola, masamba ogwa adzakopa nkhono.
Nkhono za mphesa sizingatayike pa sitiroberi
Lilime lake ndi ngati wodzigudubuza wokhala ndi mano ambiri. Monga grater, imafotola mbali zina za zomera. Amadyera kukhala gruel ndi odzipereka ndi nkhono. Ngakhale kuluma kwa nettle sikuvulaza tsitsi lobaya. Kulimbitsa chigoba cha nkhono, mchere wa calcium umafunika.
Chakudya cha nyama nthawi zina chimakopa nkhono. Nkhono zimapatsidwa fungo labwino. Amamva kununkhira kwa vwende kapena kabichi watsopano pafupifupi theka la mita, kutengera kamphepo kayaziyazi. Fungo lina limamveka patali pafupifupi masentimita 5-6.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nkhono za mphesa zimaonedwa ngati hermaphrodites. Chifukwa chake, anthu awiri okhwima ogonana ndi okwanira kubereka. Nthawi yokwatirana imachitika mchaka kapena kugwa koyambirira. Mazira amaikidwa mu fossa yokonzeka kapena m'malo ena achilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, pamizu yoluka yazomera.
Pachithunzichi, nkhono zosanja
Clutch imakhala ndi mazira oyera wonyezimira 30-40 mpaka 7 mm kukula kwake. Nthawi yosakaniza ndi masabata 3-4. Nkhono zomwe zimangobadwa kumene, zomwe zimatuluka m'mazira, zimakhala ndi chipolopolo chowonekera bwino chopindika kamodzi ndi theka. Nkhono zimatsogolera kukhalapo pawokha kuyambira kubadwa.
Achinyamata amadya zotsalira za nkhono, amadya nthaka ndi zinthu zomwe zili mmenemo, mpaka zitachoka pogona. Mapangidwe masiku 7-10 amapezeka pachisa, ndiyeno pamwamba pake pofunafuna chakudya chomera. Kwa mwezi umodzi, nkhono zimawonjezeka pafupifupi nthawi 3-4.
Pachithunzicho nkhono imaikira mazira
Nkhono zokha zimakhala ndi zaka 1.5 zokha zomwe zimakhwima, koma 5% yokha ya omwe amabadwa amafika nthawi imeneyi. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nkhono zaikazi zimafa pambuyo pa nyengo ya kuswana. Pafupifupi zaka zokhala ndi moyo wachilengedwe ndi zaka 7-8, ngati sizigwera m'manja mwa chilombo. Pazifukwa zabwino za kuswana kopangira Nkhono yamphesa yokometsera amakhala zaka 20, mlandu wazaka 30 amadziwika.
Ngakhale gawo lalikulu la nkhono zikugawana, akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu chifukwa cha zakudya zopatsa thanzi monga chakudya komanso kufunikira kwachipatala pochiza matenda amaso, minofu ndi mafupa, mavuto am'mimba komanso zodzikongoletsera.
Nkhono ya amayi mphesa ndi mwana wawo
Mamina a gastropods amathandizira kusintha kwa khungu pakutha. Nkhono zimathandizira kupanga collagen, kumawonjezera magazi kutsegulira magazi, komwe kumathandizira kukonza khungu, kukonzanso kwake.
Kuphika nkhono za mphesa pachikhalidwe m'maiko a Mediterranean ndi mayiko ambiri aku Europe. Olemera mu mapuloteni ndi mchere, mbale za nkhono zam'madzi ndizofunika kwambiri ndi ma gourmets. Maphikidwe abwino kwambiri amadziwika ndi anthu okhala ku France, Spain, Italy, Greece.
Nkhonozi ndizosavuta komanso zodabwitsa nthawi yomweyo. Popeza idachokera kalekale, yasintha pang'ono ndipo imakopabe chidwi cha anthu m'moyo wawo wachilengedwe.
