Moyo wa Anaconda
Njoka yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi - anaconda, lomwe limatanthawuza ma boas. Sindinakumanepo panobe njoka yayikulu kuposa anaconda... Masentimita ambiri amasintha mozungulira makilogalamu 100, pomwe kutalika kumafika 6 mita kapena kupitilira apo. Akatswiri ena akuti mamitala 11 siwo malire a kukongola kwamadzi koteroko.
Zowona, zotero kutalika kwa njoka ya anaconda sichinalembedwebe mwasayansi. Pakadali pano, zatheka kukumana ndikuwonetsetsa kokha anaconda, omwe kutalika kwake anali 9 mita, iyi, sichachidziwikire, si 11 mita, koma kukula kwa njokaku kumakupangitsani mantha. Mwa njira, njoka zazimayi ndizazikulu kwambiri komanso zamphamvu kuposa zamphongo.
Chifukwa chiyani "kukongola kwamadzi"? Chifukwa anaconda ali ndi dzina lina - madzi boa. Ili m'madzi, m'madzi osaya, kuti imatha kugwira nyama mosavuta komanso osadziwika. Ndipo chilengedwe chimasamalira chiwembu cha anaconda. Mtundu wa khungu la njokayi ndi wobiriwira-wobiriwira, mawanga abulauni amapezeka kumbuyo, omwe amapita poyang'ana.
Mawanga alibe mawonekedwe okhwima - chilengedwe sichimakonda geometry, ndipo njokayo ili ndi mwayi woti ikhale yosadziwika ndi mtundu "wolakwika" wotere. Kuti muphatikize kwambiri ndi madzi, okutidwa ndi masamba akugwa, pali timadontho tating'ono tachikasu tokhala ndi mdima m'mbali mwa thupi.
Mtundu wa khungu ndi wapadera kwa munthu aliyense, chifukwa chake sizigwira ntchito kupeza anacondas awiri ofanana. Popeza anaconda ndi boa constrictor, amapatsidwa mphamvu zazikulu. Alibe poyizoni, pankhaniyi alibe vuto lililonse, koma tsoka kwa iye amene samupeputsa - ngakhale gwape wamng'ono atha kumugwira.
Chokwawa ichi mphamvu osati mphamvu, komanso nzeru komanso chinyengo. Nyama ndi anthu ena amalakwitsa kutuluka kwake, lilime loloweka ngati chiwalo chowopsa, ndikukhulupirira kuti ndi kulumikizidwa kwake komwe kudzagwidwa. Koma umu ndi momwe njokayo imangoyendetsera mlengalenga. Chilankhulochi chimazindikira zomwe zimapezeka m'chilengedwe ndipo chimapereka lamulo kuubongo.
Anaconda amakonda kukhala moyo wam'madzi. Alibe adani m'madzi, ndipo pamtunda palibe amene angayerekeze kulumikizana ndi chilombo choopsa ichi. Kumeneko nayenso molt. Njoka ndi cholengedwa chamagazi ozizira, chifukwa chake, ngati kutentha sikokwanira, imakonda kutuluka pagombe ndikusangalala ndi dzuwa, ngakhale sikukwawa kutali ndi madzi.
Ngati dziwe laphwa, anaconda amayenera kupeza ina, koma chilalacho chikapitirira malo onse osungiramo madzi, njokayi imadzibisa m'matope ndikugwa modetsa nkhawa, mwanjira imeneyi imatha kupulumuka mpaka nyengo yamvula yatsopano.
Malo okhala Anaconda
Anaconda amakhala ku South America konse kotentha. Amakhala omasuka m'mitsinje, mitsinje, nyanja, njoka zomwe zimakhala ku Amazon ndi Orinoco, zimakhala pachilumba cha Trinidad.
Savannah Llanos (Central Venezuela) adasandulika paradiso wa njoka konse - nyengo ya miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yamvula imapanga malo abwino okhala ndi kuswana kwa ankhondas, ndichifukwa chake m'malo amenewa muli anacondas ambiri kuposa kwina kulikonse. Madzi ndi madambo am'deralo amatenthedwa bwino ndi dzuwa, zomwe zimawonjezera mkhalidwe wabwino kwa izi dziko la anaconda njoka.
Chakudya cha Anaconda
Zakudya za boa constrictor ndizosiyanasiyana. Anaconda amadya nyama zonse zazing'ono zomwe zitha kugwidwa. Nsomba, makoswe ang'onoang'ono, mbalame zam'madzi, abuluzi ndi akamba amadya.
Mimba ya njoka imakwaniritsa zonsezi mothandizidwa ndi zidulo zamphamvu kwambiri, ngakhale chipolopolo ndi mafupa akamba sizinthu zosadyedwa. Zachidziwikire, nyama yaying'ono si chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mphete zamphamvu zamphamvu, koma kugwiritsa ntchito nyama yayikulu (ndipo anaconda samanyoza nkhosa zamphongo, agalu, agwape ang'ono) siosangalatsa.
Choyamba, njokayo imabisalira nyama yayitali kwa nthawi yayitali, ikubisala pakati pa nkhalango zam'mphepete mwa nyanja, kenako ndikutsata kwakuthwa kenako ndikumenyera mphete kuzungulira mnzake wosaukayo, yemwe amafinya thupi la wozunzidwayo mwamphamvu.
Anaconda samathyoka, samaphwanya mafupa, monga momwe maboti ena amachitira, imafinya nyama kuti mpweya usalowe m'mapapu ndipo nyamayo ifa chifukwa chobanika. Njokayi ilibe mano, choncho siyang'amba kapena kutafuna chakudya.
Kuyambira pamutu, anaconda amayamba kumeza wovulalayo. Kamwa yake yooneka ngati yapakatikati yatambasulidwa kufikira kukula kofunikira pakudutsa nyama. Pachifukwa ichi, pharynx imatambasulidwanso. Pali chithunzi cha anaconda, zomwe zikusonyeza m'mene njoka imameza Gwape wamng'ono.
Ngakhale, malinga ndi akatswiri, pali vuto limodzi lokha la chiwombankhanga pa munthu, njoka iyi yadzikhazikitsa yokha m'chigawo cha nyama zowopsa. Mwa njira, anaconda saopa kulumidwa ndi anthu amtundu mnzake. Chifukwa chake, kumalo osungira nyama, nsato ya 2.5 mita inalowa mu menyu yake.
Pakudya kwa wovulalayo, anaconda amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Izi ndizomveka - mphamvu zake zonse zimakankhira chakudyacho mkati, mutu wake watanganidwa, ndipo sizingatheke kutuluka ndi chidutswa chachikulu pakamwa pake ndi liwiro la mphezi. Koma atadya njokayo ndi "wabwino". Izi ndizosavuta kufotokoza - amafunikira nthawi kuti adye chakudya modekha.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kutalika kwa moyo kuthengo sikunakhazikitsidwe ndendende ndi asayansi, koma ali mu ukapolo anaconda samakhala motalika, zaka 5-6 zokha. Komabe, chiwerengerochi nchabodza, chifukwa panali njoka yomwe idakhala ndende zaka 28. Anaconda si wamkulu ngati njoka yomwe imafunikira kuti izikhala m'gulu lankhosa. Monga zilombo zina zazikulu, amakhala ndi kusaka yekha.
Komabe, mchaka (Epulo - Meyi), nyengo yamvula ikayamba ku Amazon, njoka izi zimasonkhana m'magulu - nthawi yokwatirana imayambira ku anacondas. Kuti "mkwati" asayendeyende motalika posaka, "mkwatibwi" amasiya pansi, zomwe panthawiyi zimakomedwa ndi fungo labwino - pheromone.
Panjira iyi, mkazi samapeza imodzi, koma amuna angapo nthawi imodzi. Komabe, sizolowera kukonza ndewu zokongola ndi amuna a anaconda. Apa nayenso, wamphamvu kwambiri adzakhala bambo wa mbewuyo, koma njoka zanzeru zimasankha yoyenera kwambiri munjira ina.
Amuna onse omwe apeza chachikazi ndi fungo, mapasa mozungulira thupi lake ndi masewera achikondi amayamba, omwe amakhala mpaka mwezi umodzi ndi theka. Nthawi yonseyi, amuna samatha kudya, kusaka, kupumula - chibwenzi chimatenga nthawi yawo yonse, komanso mphamvu. Koma atakwatirana, tangle imadzigwetsa yokha, ndipo "okonda "wo akukwawa mosiyanasiyana.
Amuna amapuma pantchito, ndipo wamkazi amayamba nthawi yovuta yobereka. Mimba imakhala miyezi 6-7. Nthawi yonseyi, mkazi samasaka kapena kudyetsa, chifukwa amakhala pachiwopsezo makamaka pakudya. Chifukwa chake, anaconda akutaya thupi kwambiri, chifukwa cha iye vutoli limamupanikiza.
Koma anawo, amabadwa bwinobwino. Ana a njoka amabadwa kuyambira 30 mpaka 42, onsewo amabadwa amoyo. Ngakhale, anaconda amatha kuikira mazira. Ana amabadwa pang'ono pang'ono kuposa theka la mita, koma amayenera kuda nkhawa za chakudya chawo.
Atabereka, mayi, yemwe anali ndi njala kwa theka la chaka, amapita kukasaka. Zachidziwikire, amayi ochokera ku anacondas sachita manyazi kwambiri, sawadyetsa, sawateteza kwa adani, sawapatsa chisa. Njoka zazing'ono zimapatsidwa luso lamoyo kuyambira kubadwa. Amasambira bwino kwambiri, amatha kudzibisa mwaluso, ndikusunthira mosavutikira atawopseza pang'ono.
Ndipo ali ndi zoopsa zambiri. Mdziko la nyama, chilichonse chimakonzedwa mwachilengedwe, ngati anaconda wamkulu alibe adani ndipo amadya nyama, mbalame ndi amphaka ang'onoang'ono osalangidwa, ndiye kuti amphaka omwewo ndi ma caimans tsopano amasaka ana a anaconda.
Chifukwa chake, mwa ana onse, njoka zokhwima kwambiri, zothamanga kwambiri komanso zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimatsalira, zomwe zimasanduka njoka zamphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi, zomwe mdani wawo weniweni ndi munthu yekhayo.
