Mawonekedwe ndi malo a hyrax
Daman pachithunzichi mosafanana amafanana ndi mbalame yamphongo, koma kufanana kumeneku kumangopeka. Sayansi yatsimikizira kuti achibale apafupi kwambiri daman — njovu.
Ku Israeli, kuli Cape daman, dzina loyambirira lomwe linali "Shafan", lomwe m'Chirasha limatanthauza, amene amabisala. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika theka la mita ndikulemera kwa 4 kg. Amuna ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa akazi. Gawo lakumtunda la nyama ndi lofiirira, gawo lakumunsi ndilopepuka pang'ono. Chovala cha hyrax ndichokwera kwambiri, ndi chovala chamkati chokhuthala.
Amuna okhwima ogonana ali ndi England yomwe imafotokozedwa kumbuyo. Ikachita mantha kapena ikachita mantha, imatulutsa chinthu chonunkhira kwambiri. Dera lakumbuyo nthawi zambiri limakhala mtundu wina.
Chimodzi mwazinthuzo hyrax ya nyama mawonekedwe amiyendo yake. Pazitsogolere za nyama pali zala zinayi, zomwe zimathera ndi zikhadabo zathyathyathya.
Zikhadabo izi zimawoneka ngati misomali anthu kuposa misomali nyama. Miyendo yakumbuyo idavala zala zitatu zokha, ziwiri ndizofanana ndimiyendo yakutsogolo, ndipo chala chimodzi chadontho ndi chikhadabo chachikulu. Pansi pa zikopa za nyama zilibe tsitsi, koma ndizodziwika bwino pamapangidwe apadera a minofu yomwe imatha kukweza phazi.
Komanso imani alireza nthawi zonse amapanga chinthu chomata. Kapangidwe kakang'ono kamisempha, kuphatikiza ndi chinthuchi, chimapatsa nyamayo kuthekera kosunthika pamiyala yayitali ndikukwera mitengo yayitali kwambiri.
Daman Bruce wamanyazi kwambiri. Komabe, ngakhale izi, ali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa. Ndi chidwi chomwe nthawi ndi nthawi chimapangitsa nyamazi kuti zizilowa.Daman - nyamazomwe ndizosavuta kuzolowera komanso kumva bwino ukapolo.
Gulani damana mungathe m'masitolo apadera. Mwambiri, nyamazi zimakhala ku Africa ndi South Asia. Ein Gedi Nature Reserve imapatsa alendo ake mwayi wowonera momwe nyama izi zimakhalira.
Pachithunzichi daman bruce
Phiri laphiri imakonda semi-chipululu, savanna ndi mapiri moyo wonse. Mmodzi mwa mitundu - mitengo ya hyraxes imapezeka m'nkhalango ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali m'mitengo, kupewa kutsikira pansi.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Kutengera mtundu, chinyama chimakhala ndi zokonda zosiyanasiyana m'malo amoyo. Chifukwa chake, ma hyrax a Israeli amakonda kukhala pakati pamiyala yambiri. Nyama izi zimakhala ndi moyo wolumikizana, kuchuluka kwa anthu mgulu limodzi kumatha kufikira 50.
Ma Daman amakumba maenje kapena amatenga timing'alu taulele m'matanthwe. Amakonda kutuluka panja kukafunafuna chakudya m'mawa ndi madzulo, kuti apewe kutentha kwa dzuwa. Mbali yofooka ya nyama ndi kutentha thupi. Kutentha kwa thupi kwa munthu wamkulu kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuyambira 24 mpaka 40 madigiri Celsius.
Pachithunzicho ndi phiri daman
Nthawi yozizira usiku, kuti mwanjira inayake ifundire, nyamazi zimasonkhana pamodzi ndikutenthana, zimatuluka kulowa m'mawa m'mawa. Nyama iyi imatha kukwera mpaka mamita 5000 pamwamba pamadzi. Kutengera mtunduwo, chinyama chimakhala moyo wamasana kapena wamadzulo.
Anthu ena nthawi zambiri amakhala okha kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndipo amakhala maso usiku, pomwe ena amagona usiku. Komabe, ngakhale ali amtundu winawake, ma hyrax onse amakhala otakataka ndipo amatha kuyenda mwachangu, amalumpha pamwamba pamiyala ndi mitengo.
Ma hyrax onse ali ndi kumva kwabwino komanso masomphenya. Pakakhala ngozi, nyama imalira mwamphamvu kwambiri, ikumva zomwe anthu ena onse amabisala nthawi yomweyo. Gulu la ma hyrax litakhazikika mdera lina, limakhala komweko kwa nthawi yayitali.
Pambuyo posaka bwino tsiku lotentha, nyama zimatha kugona pamiyala ndikutentha padzuwa kwa nthawi yayitali, pokhapokha ngati anthu angapo ayimilira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo kuti athe kuwona chilombocho.
Kusaka kophatikiza - ndi ntchito yosavuta, koma ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mfuti kapena chida china chilichonse chomwe chimamveka mokweza pankhaniyi, ndi munthu m'modzi yekha amene angakhale wolanda. Ena onse amabisa nthawi yomweyo.
Nyama zakutchire, nthambiyi ili ndi adani ambiri, monga mimbulu, nkhandwe, akambuku ndi nyama zilizonse zolusa ndi mbalame.
Kukachitika kuti mdani akuyandikira, ndipo a hyrax sangathe kuthawa, zimatenga malo achitetezo ndikutulutsa fungo losasangalatsa mothandizidwa ndi gorsal gland. Angagwiritse ntchito mano ngati kuli kofunikira. M'malo momwe magulu a hyrax amakhala pafupi ndi anthu, nyama yawo nthawi zambiri imakhala yogulitsidwa.
Chakudya
Nthawi zambiri, ma hyrax amakonda kusankha kukhutitsa njala yawo ndi zakudya zazomera. Koma ngati popita pali kachilombo kapena mbozi, nawonso sangawanyoze. Nthawi zina, pakasaka chakudya, a hyrax amatha kuyenda makilomita 1-3 kuchokera kumudzi.
Monga lamulo, ma hyrax samasowa madzi. Ma incisors a nyama sanakule mokwanira, chifukwa chake amagwiritsa ntchito ma molars panthawi yodyetsa. Daman ali ndi mimba yamimba yambiri yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta.
Nthawi zambiri, chakudya chimatengedwa m'mawa ndi madzulo. Maziko azakudya sangakhale malo obiriwira okha a zomera, komanso mizu, zipatso, ndi mababu. Nyama zazing'onozi zimadya kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri izi sizimakhala vuto kwa iwo, chifukwa ma hyrax amakhala m'malo omwe mumakhala zomera zambiri.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Asayansi adazindikira kuti palibe nyengo mu kuswana kwa nyama izi, kapena, sizinadziwike. Ndiye kuti, makanda amatuluka chaka chonse, koma osati kangapo ndi makolo ena. Mkazi amabala ana pafupifupi miyezi 7-8, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 1 mpaka 3 cubs amabadwa.
Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwawo kumatha kukwera mpaka 6 - ndi mawere angati omwe mayi amakhala nawo. Kufunika koyamwitsa kumazimiririka pasanathe milungu iwiri mwana atabadwa, ngakhale mayiyo amadyetsa nthawi yayitali.
Ana amabadwa atakula kwambiri. Amatha kuwona nthawi yomweyo ndipo ali ndi tsitsi lakuda, amatha kuyenda mwachangu. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, amayamba kuyamwa zakudya zawo pazokha. Ana amatha kubereka ali ndi chaka chimodzi ndi theka, ndipamene amuna amachoka kumudzi, ndipo akazi amakhala ndi mabanja awo.
Kutalika kwa moyo kumasiyana kutengera mitundu. Mwachitsanzo, ma hyrax aku Africa amakhala zaka 6-7,Cape hyrax akhoza kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 10. Nthawi yomweyo, zimawululidwa kuti akazi amakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa amuna.
