Nyani kapena kahau, monga amatchulidwanso, ndi a banja la anyani. Anyani apaderawa ndi amtundu wa anyani. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake enieni, amagawanika kukhala mtundu wina ndipo amakhala ndi mtundu umodzi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Chodziwika kwambiri cha anyaniwa ndi mphuno yake yayikulu, yomwe imafikira pafupifupi masentimita 10 m'litali, koma mwayiwu umagwira amuna okhaokha. Mwa akazi, mphuno sizochepa kwenikweni, komanso zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana. Zikuwoneka kuti zasinthidwa pang'ono.
Ana amphuno, mosatengera kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi, amakhala ndi mphuno pang'ono, ngati amayi awo. Mwa anyamata achichepere, mphuno zimakula pang'onopang'ono ndikufikira kukula kwakukulu pakatha msinkhu.
Cholinga cha chinthu chosangalatsa mu kahau sichidziwika kwenikweni. Zikuwoneka kuti pakakhala mphuno yayikulu yamphongo, nyani wamphongo wokongola kwambiri amayang'ana akazi ndipo amasangalala ndi ziweto zawo.
Mphuno zamphongo zimalemera kawiri kuposa akazi
Tsitsi lakuda ndi lalifupi la anyani amphuno kumbuyo kwake limakhala ndi bulauni-bulauni wonyezimira wokhala ndi zotuwa zachikasu, lalanje ndi zofiirira, pamimba pake ndi imvi yopepuka kapena yoyera. Nkhope ya anyani kulibe ubweya konse, khungu limakhala lofiirira-lachikaso, ndipo makandawo ali ndi utoto wabuluu.
Mphuno ya mphuno zokhala ndi zala zakuthwa ndizolimba kwambiri komanso zowonda, zimawoneka ngati zosafanana kwenikweni ndi thupi. Amaphimbidwa ndi ubweya woyera. Mchira ndi wolimba komanso wolimba, bola ngati thupi, koma anyani samagwiritsa ntchito, ndichifukwa chake kusinthasintha kwa mchira sikukuyenda bwino, makamaka poyerekeza ndi michira ya mitundu ina ya anyani.
Kuphatikiza pa mphuno, chosiyanitsa amuna ndi mphako wachikopa womwe umakulunga m'khosi mwawo, wokutidwa ndi ubweya wolimba, wolimba. Chimawoneka ngati chinthu ngati kolala. Manja akuda odabwitsa omwe amakula m'mbali mwa chitunda amanenanso kuti tili nawo wopusa wamwamuna.
Abaleus amasiyanitsidwa ndi mimba zawo zazikulu, zomwe, pofanizira ndi anthu, amatchedwa "mowa" mwanthabwala. Izi ndizosavuta kufotokoza. Banja la anyani oonda thupi, omwe akuphatikizapo mphuno wamba amadziwika chifukwa cha mimba yake yayikulu yokhala ndi mabakiteriya ambiri opindulitsa.
Mabakiteriyawa amathandizira kuti fiber izitha kuwonongeka mwachangu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti nyamayo ipeze mphamvu kuchokera kuzakudya zitsamba. Kuphatikiza apo, mabakiteriya opindulitsa amasokoneza ziphe zina, ndipo onyamulawo amatha kudya zomera zotere, zomwe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake ndi kowopsa kwa nyama zina.
Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya anyani, mphuno ndi anyani apakatikati, koma poyerekeza ndi nyani yaying'ono imawoneka ngati chimphona. Kukula kwa amuna kumayambira masentimita 66 mpaka 76, mwa akazi kumafika masentimita 60. Kutalika kwa mchira ndi masentimita 66-75. Mwa amuna, mchirawo ndi wautali pang'ono poyerekeza ndi wa akazi. Kulemera kwa amuna nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopitilira anzawo ang'onoang'ono. Imafikira makilogalamu 12-24.
Ngakhale ndi yayikulu, kulemera komanso mawonekedwe osakhazikika, kahau ndi nyama zoyenda kwambiri. Amakonda kukhala nthawi yayitali m'mitengo. Mphuno zimagwedezeka panthambi, ndikumamatira ku iyo ndi zikoko zakutsogolo, kenako ndikukweza miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndikudumphira ku nthambi kapena mtengo wina. Chakudya chokoma kwambiri kapena ludzu lokha ndi lomwe lingawapangitse kugwa pansi.
Moyo
Soo amakhala m'nkhalango. Masana amakhala atadzuka, ndipo usiku komanso m'mawa anyaniwo amakhala mumipando yayikulu yamitengo pafupi ndi mtsinjewo, yomwe adasankha kale. Ntchito yayikulu kwambiri ya anyani amphongo yayitali imachitika masana ndi madzulo.
Kahau amakhala m'magulu a anthu 10-30. Mgwirizano wawung'onowu ukhoza kukhala gulu la akazi, pomwe pali azimayi okwana 10 amuna onse omwe ali ndi ana awo omwe sanathe msinkhu, kapena kampani yamwamuna yokhala ndi amuna osungulumwa.
Amuna achimuna amakula ndikusiya mabanja awo (ali ndi zaka 1-2), pomwe akazi amakhalabe mgulu lomwe adabadwiramo. Kuphatikiza apo, mwa anyani achikazi omwe amakhala opanda mphuno, nthawi zambiri amachitidwa kuti asinthe kuchokera pa bwenzi lina kupita lina. Nthawi zina, kuti athe kupeza chakudya chokha kapena kugona mokwanira usiku, magulu angapo anyani amphongo amaphatikizidwa kwakanthawi kukhala amodzi.
Kahau amalumikizana mothandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe akumaso ndi mawu achilendo: kung'ung'udza mwakachetechete, kukuwa, kung'ung'udza kapena kubangula. Chikhalidwe cha anyaniwa ndichikhalidwe chabwino, samakonda kukangana kapena kumenyana pakati pawo, makamaka pagulu lawo. Akazi amphuno amatha kuyambitsa ndewu yaying'ono, kenako mtsogoleri wa gululo amayimitsa ndi kufuula kwammphuno.
Zimachitika kuti mtsogoleri wa gulu la azimayi amasintha. Wamphongo komanso wamwamuna wamphamvu amabwera ndikuchotsa mwayi wonse wa mwiniwake wakale. Mutu watsopano wa phukusi ukhoza kupha ngakhale ana akale. Poterepa, mayi wa ana omwe adamwalira amasiya gululi limodzi ndi yamphongo yomwe yagonjetsedwa.
Chikhalidwe
Ng'onoyi imakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mitsinje pachilumba cha Borneo (Kalimantan) pakatikati pa Zilumba za Malay. Ndi chilumba chachitatu chachikulu kwambiri pambuyo pa New Guinea ndi Greenland, ndipo ndi malo okhawo padziko lapansi komwe kahau imapezeka.
Anyani amphongo amakhala omasuka m'nkhalango zam'malo otentha, mitengo ya mangrove ndi dipterocarp ndi mitengo yobiriwira nthawi zonse, madambo ndi madera obzalidwa ndi hevea. M'madera omwe ali pamwamba pa 250-400 m pamwamba pamadzi, mwina simungapeze nyani wamphongo wautali.
Sock ndi nyamaomwe samapita kutali ndi madzi. Nyaniyu amasambira mwangwiro, amalumphira m'madzi kuchokera kutalika kwa 18-20 m ndikuphimba mpaka 20 m pa miyendo inayi, makamaka m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri m'nkhalango ziwiri.
Mukasuntha korona wamitengo, amphongo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito miyendo yonse inayi, ndikukwawa, mosinthana ndikukoka miyendo yakutsogolo, kapena kulumpha kuchokera kunthambi kupita kunthambi, yomwe ili kutali kwambiri.
Pofunafuna chakudya, amphaka amatha kusambira kapena kuyenda m'madzi osaya
Zakudya zabwino
Pofunafuna chakudya, mphuno zomwe zimakonda kuyenda mpaka makilomita 2-3 patsiku pamtsinje, zimapita pang'onopang'ono kunkhalango. Madzulo kahau amabwerera. Chakudya chachikulu cha anyani ndi nthambi zazing'ono ndi masamba a mitengo ndi zitsamba, zipatso zosapsa, ndi maluwa ena. Nthawi zina chakudya chomera chimasungunuka ndi mphutsi, mbozi, mbozi, komanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Kubereka
Ana anyani amawerengedwa kuti ndi okhwima atakwanitsa zaka 5-7. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakula msanga kuposa akazi. Nthawi yokwatirana imayamba kumayambiriro kwa masika. Mu kahau, mkazi amalimbikitsa mnzake kuti akwatirane.
Ndikukondweretsedwa kwake, kutuluka ndikuphimba milomo yake ndi chubu, kugwedeza mutu wake, kuwonetsa maliseche ake, amadziwitsa wamwamuna wamkulu kuti ali wokonzeka "kukhala pachibwenzi."
Pambuyo pa kukwatira, yaikazi imabereka ana pafupifupi masiku 170-200, kenako, nthawi zambiri, mwana m'modzi amabadwa. Mayi amamudyetsa mkaka kwa miyezi 7, koma ndiye kuti mwanayo sataya nawo nthawi yayitali.
Mwa akazi amphuno, mphuno sizikula, monga amuna
Utali wamoyo
Palibe chidziwitso chokhudza kuchuluka kwa kahau omwe amakhala mu ukapolo, chifukwa mtundu uwu sunasinthidwe. Anyani amphongo amakhala osagwirizana bwino ndipo sangathe kuchita nawo maphunziro. M'chilengedwe mphuno wamba amakhala pafupifupi zaka 20-23, ngati sangakhale mdani wawo m'mbuyomu, ndipo anyani amakhala nawo okwanira.
Buluzi ndi mimbulu zimaukira nyani wapamphuno, osadandaula kudya kahau ndi ziwombankhanga. Kuopsa kwake kudikirira mphuno m'mitsinje ndi madambo a nkhalango ya mangrove, komwe amasakidwa ndi ng'ona zazikuluzikulu. Pachifukwa ichi, anyani, ngakhale kuti ndi osambira abwino, amakonda kuthana ndi misewu yamadzi m'malo ochepetsetsa, pomwe ng'ona ilibe kwina kulikonse.
Kusaka nyama zamtunduwu ndikuwopsezanso kuchepa kwa mitunduyi, ngakhale nyani amatetezedwa ndi lamulo. Anthu amatsata kahau chifukwa cha ubweya wake wonenepa, wokongola komanso wokoma, malinga ndi mbadwa, nyama. Mwa kudula mitengo ya mangrove ndi nkhalango zamvula ndikuwononga mathithi, anthu akusintha nyengo pachilumbachi ndikuchepetsa malo oyenera malo okhala.
Makamaka ma nosers amadyetsa masamba ndi zipatso.
Ana anyani amakhala ndi chakudya chocheperako, kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi mpikisano wamphamvu pazakudya ndi magawo - awa ndi ma macaque okhala ndi nkhumba komanso atali yayitali. Izi zapangitsa kuti kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi chiwerengero cha masokosi chatsika ndi theka ndipo, malinga ndi International Union for Conservation of Nature, watsala pang'ono kutha.
Zosangalatsa
Sucker - nyani, mosiyana ndi anyani ena komanso nyama yodziwika kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe achilendo, pali zina zambiri zomwe zimatsimikizira kupatsa kwa nyani wamphongo.
- Mutha kuwona kuti kahau ikukwiyitsidwa ndi mphuno yake yofiira komanso yotakasa. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, kusintha kotereku ndi njira yoopsezera mdani.
- Asayansi akuti anyani amafunikira mphuno yayikulu kuti awonjezere phokoso la anyani. Ndi kufuula mokweza, amisili amauza aliyense zakomwe akupezeka ndikulemba gawo. Koma chiphunzitsochi sichinalandirebe umboni wachindunji.
- Mphuno zimatha kuyenda, kuyenda mtunda waufupi m'madzi, kupangitsa thupi kukhala lolunjika. Izi zimachitika kokha kwa anyani otukuka kwambiri, osati mitundu ya anyani, yomwe imaphatikizapo anyani amphongo.
- Cahau ndiye nyani yekhayo padziko lapansi amene amatha kumira. Amatha kusambira pansi pamadzi mtunda wa mamitala 12 mpaka 20. Nsafuyi imasambira bwino kwambiri ngati galu, tizirombo ting'onoting'ono ta miyendo yake yakumbuyo timamuthandiza kutero.
- Zinyalala zodziwika bwino zimangokhala m'mphepete mwa madzi oyera, chifukwa cha mchere wambiri komanso mchere womwe umakhalapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azisamalira nyani azidyetsa.
Nosy nyani m'malo otetezedwa
Wonyamula nyani amatha kuwoneka mwachilengedwe m'dera la Proboscis Monkey Sanctuary, yomwe ili pafupi ndi mzinda wa Sandakan. Ana anyani mmenemo ali pafupifupi anthu 80. Mu 1994, mwininyumbayo adagula nkhalango yodulira ndikulima mgwalangwa wamafuta mdera lake.
Koma atawona mphuno, adachita chidwi kwambiri kotero kuti adasintha malingaliro ake, ndikusiya mangroveswo kwa anyani. Tsopano, mazana a alendo amabwera kumalo osungira chaka chilichonse kudzawona anyani omwe amakhala.
M'mawa ndi madzulo, osamalira nyumbayo amabweretsa madengu akuluakulu ndi chakudya chokoma cha kahau - chipatso chosapsa kumadera okonzedwa bwino. Nyama, zomwe zimazolowera kuti nthawi ina zimadyetsedwa bwino, zimakonda kupita kwa anthu ndipo zimalola kuti zijambulidwe.
Sock mu chithunzi, yokhala ndi mphuno yayikulu ikulendewera milomo yake, ikutsamira kumbuyo kwa nkhalango zobiriwira zamnkhalango, ikuwoneka ngati koseketsa.
Tsoka ilo, ngati njira zakanthawi sizingachitike kuti athane ndi kudula mitengo mosalamulirika ndikulimbana ndi umbanda pachilumba cha Borneo sikunayambike, nkhani zonse zonena za nyama zapadera za anyani osachedwa zidzakhala nthano. Boma la Malawi likuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi chiwopsezo chothetsa zamoyo zonse. Kachau adalembedwa mu International Red Book. Amatetezedwa m'malo 16 osungira ku Indonesia ndi Malaysia.
