Makhalidwe ndi malo a shiloklyuv
Zolemba (kuchokera ku Latin Recurvirostra avosetta) ndi mbalame yochokera mu dongosolo la Charadriiformes la banja la stylobeak. Dzina lachi Latin la nyama iyi lingamasuliridwe kuti "mlomo wokhotakhota wopita kwina."
Mlomo wokwera pamwamba umasiyanitsa mtundu uwu wa mbalame zam'mlengalenga ndi mbalame zina, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 7-9 awl ili ndi kukula kwake Matupi kutalika kwa 40-45 cm, ndi mapiko otalika mpaka 80 cm ndi kulemera kwa 300-450 g.
Miyendo ndiyotalika kwambiri kwakuti thupi, la buluu labuluu, lotsalira ndi phazi ndi zala zinayi, pakati pake pali zikuluzikulu zonga bakha.
Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu uwu umadziwika kuti ndiwopanda kufanana, kutanthauza kuti, amuna nthawi zonse amakhala akulu kuposa akazi.
Mtundu wa mbalame za mbalamezi ndi zoyera komanso zakuda: gawo lalikulu la thupi limakutidwa ndi nthenga zoyera, malekezero a mapiko, nsonga ya mchira, kumtunda kwa mutu ndi khosi ndikuda, pali anthu omwe ali ndi mawanga akulu akuda pamapiko ndi kumbuyo.
Mitundu yotereyi imawoneka ngati yolimba ndipo imagogomezera kukongola kwa mbalameyi.
Avocet ndi mbalame yam'madzi. Malo osungira ndi malo omwe amakhala shiloklyuv amadziwika ndi mchere wawo, ndiye kuti, mbalameyi imakonda magombe am'nyanja ndi malo amchere amchere. Amakhazikika m'mbali mwa nyanja zazing'ono komanso madambo.
Malowa afala ku Eurasia, Australia ndi Africa. Ku Russian Federation, chisa cha mchenga ichi m'nyanja ya Caspian, Azov ndi Black Seas, ku Kerch Strait, malire akumpoto okhalamo amayenda kumwera kwa Siberia.
Kutengera ndi malo okhala, asayansi amagawana stylobeak m'magulu anayi:
- Wotchuka ku Australia (kuchokera ku Latin Recurvirostra novaehollandiae);
- American (kuchokera ku Latin Recurvirostra americana)
- Andean (ochokera ku Latin Recurvirostra andina)
- Chigwa (kuchokera ku Latin Recurvirostra avosetta).
Ndi mafotokozedwe a awl Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyana pang'ono, makamaka pakasiyana kochepa mu mtundu wa maulawo. Pa ambiri zithunzi za mbalame Mutha kuwona izi.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ziwombankhanga ndi nyama zokhazokha; m'midzi, kufikira anthu 50-70 awiriawiri, amagogoda kokha nthawi yogona, ndipo izi zimachitika ndikubwera kwa kutentha kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi mpaka Meyi.
Madera akuluakulu amatha kukhala ndi mbalame 200. Makoloni okhala ndi mbalame zina zam'madzi monga mbalame, zimbalangondo ndi ma tern nthawi zambiri amapangidwira zisa.
Ndi nyumba yolumikizirana yotereyi, zimakhala zovuta kuwona mbalameyo ili patali. wodwala izi ndizo kapena awl, koma patali pang'ono, mlomo wopindidwa m'mwamba nthawi zonse umapereka mwini wake yekha.
Akatswiri ena amatsutsa ngati angawerenge Avocet ndi mbalame yosamuka kapena ayi, koma mfundo apa ndikuti mitundu ina ya nyama izi, monga shilokak waku Australia, popanga zisa, sizimapanga maulendo ataliatali, koma zimangosonkhana ndi abale ena pafupi ndi malo ake okhazikika, pomwe mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, omwe amakhala ku Russia, amapita kudera lotentha la Asia ndi Africa nthawi yachisanu.
Chakudya
Zakudya za mbalameyi makamaka zimakhala ndi tizinyama tating'onoting'ono, tizilombo ndi mphutsi zomwe zimakhala m'madzi, mollusks ndi mitundu ina yazomera zam'madzi zimapezanso chakudya.
Shiloklyuvka imasaka chakudya makamaka m'madzi osaya, ikuyenda pang'onopang'ono pamiyendo yayitali m'mbali mwa gombe lamadzi, ndikuyenda modzidzimutsa imalanda nyama yake m'madzi ndikuyimeza.
Nthawi zina amasambira kuchokera kunyanja, awl imasambira bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha nembanemba yomwe ili pamapazi ake, kenako njira yopezera kusintha kwa chakudya - kusambira m'madzi ndikuwona chakudya chake, imadumphira pansi pamadzi, ikumagwira crustacean kapena tizilombo ndi mulomo wake.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nthawi yotha msinkhu mu awl imayamba kuyambira zaka 1.5-2. Mbalamezi zimakhala zokhazokha ndipo amuna amakwatirana ndi mkazi mmodzi yekhayo m'moyo wawo wonse.
Munthawi yodzala, atasonkhana kumaloko, amasewera magule, kenako ana amtsogolo amabadwa. Pambuyo pake, mbalame zimayamba kumanga chisa chawo.
Onse makolo amatenga nawo gawo pokonza chisa. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta. Ili pa phiri laling'ono, m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena pazilumba zotuluka m'madzi, nthawi zina pamiyala.
Mkazi amaikira mazira m'chisa, nthawi zambiri mazira 3-4. Mtundu wa chipolopolo cha dzira nthawi zambiri umakhala chithaphwi kapena mchenga wokhala ndi mawanga akuda ndi otuwa.
Munthawi ya makulitsidwe, shiloklyuv amasamala mwansanje chisa chawo, kuphatikiza pazinyama zomwe zimayandikana nawo, zikawonekera pafupi, zimayamba kuchita zaphokoso kwambiri komanso mwamakani.
Makulitsidwe achindunji, kwa masiku 20-25, amachitidwa mosinthana ndi wamkazi ndi wamwamuna, pambuyo pake anapiye abwinobwino amaswa. Ana a shiloklyuvka amayamba kuyenda pawokha pafupifupi kuyambira masiku oyamba.
Pafupifupi masiku 35-40, mbadwo wachichepere, pomwepo umaphunzira kuwuluka ndikusinthira ku moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Nthawi yonse yomwe anapiye amakhala ndi makolo awo, omalizirayo amasamalira ndi kuphunzitsa ana awo, ndipo ngakhale ndege zoyambirira zikauluka, ma shilokbeak amakhalabe ndi mbalame zazikulu kwakanthawi.
Zosangalatsa! Pakubadwa komanso khanda, mlomo wa ana ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndipo amangoweramira kumtunda ndi msinkhu.
Nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa awl ndi zaka 10-15. Mbiri yambalame yayitali ya banjali idalembedwa ndi njira yolira ku Holland, zaka zake zinali zaka 27 ndi miyezi 10.
Chifukwa choti ku Russia wopanga mchenga uyu amakhala mdera laling'ono kwambiri ndipo mbalame ndizochepa, Awl adalembedwa mu Red Book dziko lathu ndipo potetezedwa ndi lamulo.
