Amwewe ali ndi chiwewe kapena chiwewe (chiwewe) ndi matenda omwe kale ankadziwika ndi dzina loti hydrophobia kapena hydrophobia. Ndi matenda opatsirana owopsa omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka chiwewe, kachilombo ka Lyssavirus komanso banja la Rhabdoviridae.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a chiwewe
Matenda owopsa ngati chiwewe amapangitsa rhabdovirus yapadera kukhala nyama yamagazi ofunda, yomwe imalowa mthupi la nyama ya miyendo inayi yathanzi ikalumidwa ndi nyama yodwala. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti matenda amatha kuchitika ngakhale chifukwa cha malovu, koma zifukwa zoterezi zimagwera m'gulu lazomwe kachilombo kamalowa mthupi la nyama. Zowopsa kwambiri ndikuluma kumutu ndi ziwalo.
M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, nyama zakutchire zikuimira gwero lalikulu la matenda opha... Gulu lowopsa kwambiri limaphatikizapo ziweto zamiyendo inayi zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi nkhalango, nkhalango ndi matsamba, komanso madera osavomerezeka a epizootologically. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chiopsezo chotenga matenda owopsa chilipo kulikonse, ndipo pachifukwa ichi, galu yemwe ali ndi galu nthawi zonse amayenera kukhala tcheru ndi thanzi la kanyamayo.
Mwachilengedwe, mitundu yambiri ya nyama zakutchire imathandizira osati chisamaliro chokha, komanso kufalikira kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chiwewe cha RNA. Chifukwa cholowa mthupi, kachilomboka kotere kamayamba kuyenda mwachangu pamalungo amitsempha ndikulowa muubongo, komanso msana wam'mimba, komwe umachulukirachulukira ndikudziunjikira ma neuron. Kupitilira apo, zosintha zam'deralo zimachitika m'matumba onse aubongo, komanso ma edema angapo ndi kukha magazi, kuphatikiza kusintha kwama cell.
Ndizosangalatsa!Kusuntha kwa rhabdovirus kudzera mthupi la chiweto chodwala kumapangitsa kuti ilowe m'matumbo mwachangu mwachangu, komanso kutulutsa ndi malovu, komwe kumakhala chifukwa chachikulu chofalitsira matenda achiwewe pakati pa nyama.
Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira za chiwewe
Kuyambira nthawi yomwe matendawa adachitika, mpaka nthawi yoyamba kutchulidwa kwa matendawa mu galu, zimatenga masabata 3-7. Komabe, pali milandu ya ziwonetsero za matenda a chiwewe mu nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka, ngakhale itatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena chaka. Kusiyana kumeneku kumadalira mulingo wa virulence ya virase, komanso kukhazikika kwa chitetezo chamthupi ndi zikhalidwe zina za thupi lomwe lakhudzidwa.
Kukula kwake, kulunjika kwake, komanso kukula kwa chiwonetsero cha zizindikiritso zamatenda, zimapangitsa kuti athe kugawa matendawa ndi mafomu:
- mawonekedwe atypical;
- kukhumudwa kapena mawonekedwe olumala;
- mawonekedwe osangalatsa;
- mawonekedwe okhululuka.
Monga momwe ziweto zimasonyezera, galu nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuti ali ndi ziwawa, komanso mitundu yaukali komanso yolumala.
Gawo loyamba la matenda, zizindikilo zimakhala zobisika kwa mwini galu.... Mwini wake angaganize kuti chiweto chatopa kapena kukhumudwitsidwa ndi china chake, motero adasiya kuthamanga ndikuseka, nthawi zambiri amanama ndikupewa kulumikizana ndi anthu. Nthawi zina, nyama yomwe imvera kale imayamba kuchita zachilendo: siyitsatira malamulo ndipo siyankha pazomwe zakhudzidwa. Pali nthawi zina pamene zizindikilo zoyamba za matenda ndizochita ndi chikondi, chosasangalatsa chiweto. Ndi chifukwa chake kusintha kwadzidzidzi pamachitidwe agalu kuyenera kuchenjeza eni ake.
Zofunika!Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino zamatendawa zimakhala, nthawi zambiri, patsiku lachiwiri kapena lachitatu, ndipo zimawonetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa malovu, komanso mavuto owonekera kupuma, chifukwa chake galu amayamba kuyasamula ndikukoka mpweya wokwanira pakamwa pake.
Magawo otukuka a chiwewe
Matenda a chiwewe samakula nthawi imodzi, koma mkati mwa magawo akulu akulu, azachipatala.
Mawonekedwe achiwawa zoperekedwa ndi:
- prodromal kapena gawo loyambirira;
- Gawo la chisangalalo champhamvu kapena manic;
- gawo lokhumudwitsa kapena lotha.
Fomuyi ndiye yomwe imadziwika kwambiri, ndipo imaphatikizapo zizindikilo zoperekedwa ndi:
- kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha nyama, komwe kumawonekera makamaka kumayambiriro kwa matendawa. Kuukira kwankhanza kosasunthika kumatha kusinthidwa ndi kukhumudwa koopsa, komanso kukwiya kosaneneka - mwa kukonda kwambiri;
- kutuluka kwa minofu kapena kugwedezeka;
- kuzizira ndi malungo;
- kudya zinthu zosadyeka, kuphatikizapo nthaka ndi zinyalala;
- kufooka wamba ndi kusapeza;
- photophobia, yomwe imatsagana ndi kusaka malo amdima kapena obisika omwe alibe kuwala pang'ono;
- hydrophobia komanso kusafuna kumeza chakudya ndi madzi, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kupindika kwa minofu ya pharyngeal.
Ndizosangalatsa!Panthawi inayake pakukula kwa matendawa, chiweto chomwe chili ndi kachilombo ka HIV chikuwonjezeka malovu, motero chimayesera kudzinyambititsa chokha, ndipo kubangula kokhako pang'onopang'ono kumasandulika kulira koboola.
Gawo lachitatu limadziwika ndikusintha kwamakani ndi mphwayi ndi kukhumudwa. Nyamayo imasiya kuyankha dzina lake lotchulidwira kapena zoyipa zilizonse, komanso imakana kudya ndikuyang'ana malo obisika, amdima okha. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pali kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa 40-41zaC. Atatopa ndi matendawa, chiweto chatsala pang'ono kutaya mawu. Palinso kuwoneka bwino kwa diso lakumaso. Gawo lomalizira ndi njira zingapo zamatenda amanjenje ndi zamtima, zomwe ndizomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa nyama.
Gawo lachete kapena lakufa ziwalo limadziwika ndi kukonda kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kwanyama... Khalidweli limasinthidwa mwachangu ndikuwonetsa nkhawa, zizindikilo zazing'ono zosasunthika, zomwe zimatsagana ndi kuchitapo kanthu mwamphamvu pazomwe zimayambitsa chizolowezi, malovu ambiri ndikuwonekera kwa thovu. Pet amayamba kuopa kuwala ndi madzi, komanso amakana kudyetsa. Gawo lomaliza la gawoli limatsagana ndi kupuma pang'ono, kupuma komanso kutsokomola, kutsatiridwa ndi mawonekedwe a kutuluka kwa minofu, kugwedezeka, kufooka kwapakhosi kwa pharynx, minofu ya miyendo ndi thunthu. Nyamayo imafa pafupifupi tsiku lachitatu.
Zomwe sizodziwika bwino ndizomwe zimatchedwa matenda amtundu wa chiwewe, zomwe zizindikiro zake ndi izi:
- kusintha kwakanthawi kakhalidwe;
- kuwonjezeka pang'ono kutentha kwa thupi;
- kusintha kwa zokonda;
- kukana chakudya wamba ndi zokomera;
- kukhala ndi zizindikiro za gastroenteritis;
- kutsekula m'mimba kwamwazi ndi kusanza kofooketsa;
- kuwonda kwambiri komanso kuchepa kwamphamvu thupi.
Mawonekedwe atypical imaperekedwa m'magawo angapo, koma ofanana kwambiri ndi zizindikilo za matenda ena ambiri opatsirana, chifukwa chake matendawa amatha kukhala ovuta.
Zofunika!Kudziwika kwa zolakwika zazing'ono pamakhalidwe a galu kuyenera kukhala chifukwa chofufuzira mwachidule chiweto chamiyendo inayi ndi veterinarian ndikuwunika mwatsatanetsatane.
Chithandizo ndi kupewa
Poyamba kukayikira za matenda a chiwewe, makamaka ngati chiweto chidalumikizana ndi nyama ndi agalu osochera osadziwika, kapena adalumidwa ndi iwo, bwenzi lamiyendo inayi liyenera kukhala lokhalokha ndikulankhulana ndi ofesi ya ziweto yapafupi. Chinyama chiyenera kukhala kwayokha, ndipo anthu onse ndi nyama zomwe zakhudzana ndi chiweto chomwe chili ndi matendawa zimalandira katemera.
Kusunga agalu otetezedwa ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda a chiwewe komanso kufalikira kwa matenda oopsawa, njira zodzitetezera munthawi yake komanso zoyenera zimachitidwa mosalephera. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti njira yokhayo yodalirika yotetezera chiweto chamiyendo inayi ndi anthu oyizungulira ndi katemera.
Popanda chizindikiro pa katemerayo, malinga ndi malamulo, chiwetocho sichikhala ndi ufulu wopita kuzionetsero kapena m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri. Komanso, galu yemwe sanalandire katemera sangathe kunyamulidwa kuzungulira mzindawo kapena kutulutsidwa kunja kwa dziko ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito poswana. Anthelminthic miyeso imafunika asanalandire katemera wa chiwewe. Ndi chiweto chathanzi chokha chomwe chitha kulandira katemera.
Ndizosangalatsa!Katemera woyamba wa chiwewe amapatsidwa mwana wagalu asanasinthe mano, ali ndi zaka pafupifupi miyezi itatu, kapena atangomaliza kumene mano. Ndiye katemerayu amachitika chaka chilichonse.
Zowopsa kwa anthu
Matenda aumunthu amapezeka chifukwa chokhudzana ndi malovu a nyama iliyonse yodwala. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika ndikuluma. Choopsa china pankhaniyi chikuyimiridwa ndi kuvulala kumutu ndi ziwalo, zomwe ndi manja. Ndikulumidwa kwambiri, chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo kaumunthu chimakula kwambiri. Kukula kwakukulu kwa zochitika za chiwewe kumachitika mchaka ndi chilimwe.
Monga lamulo, nthawi yosamalitsa ya matendawa ndi masiku asanu ndi anayi, koma amatha kutalika - pafupifupi masiku forte. Matendawa amatha kukhala ngati mphezi mwachangu ngati khomo lolowera kuti kachilomboka kalowe mthupi la munthu ndi kuvulala kumaso kapena kukhosi. Kulumidwa m'manja kungakhalenso koopsa kwambiri. Poterepa, nthawi yayikulu yosakaniza, nthawi zambiri, siyidutsa masiku asanu. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chofulumira kwa kachiromboka pamitsempha yamitsempha m'mitsempha ya msana ndi ubongo. Kutenga kudzera pakuluma kwamiyendo kumathandizira kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali yakukula.
Lero, katemera wa panthawi yake umakupatsani mwayi wopulumutsa wodwala ku matendawa, koma nthawi zina wodwalayo amafa ndi matenda a chiwewe, omwe amafotokozedwa ndi:
- Kusakhala ndi chithandizo chamankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali;
- kuphwanya katemera boma;
- palokha kumalizika kwa katemera.
Akatswiri amalangiza kuti apite kuchipatala osati kokha atangoluma, komanso mate akalowa pakhungu mopanda umphumphu. Zizindikiro zamatenda a chiwewe mwa odwala zimakhala zosasangalatsa. M'magazi, pali kuwonjezeka kwakukulu pamlingo wa ma lymphocyte, komanso kusapezeka kwathunthu kwa ma eosinophil. Pamene chopaka chikuchotsedwa pamwamba pa diso, pamakhala kupezeka kwa ma antibodies, omwe amapangidwa chifukwa cha matenda omwe alowa mthupi.
Kukhalitsa kwa rhabdovirus mwa anthu kumatha kusintha miyezi itatu kapena itatu. Nthawi zovuta kwambiri, nthawi yoyeserera imatha kufupikitsidwa mpaka masiku khumi, ndipo poyambira pang'ono, imatha kupitilizidwa mpaka chaka.
Pambuyo pakadwala matenda a chiwewe, munthu amakhala ndi magawo atatu pakukula kwa matendawa, iliyonse yomwe imadziwika ndi zizindikilo zapadera, koma zizindikilo zoyambirira, zomwe zimayimiridwa ndikumva kuwawa pamalo olumirako, kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi kufikira magawo osakwanira, kupweteka kwa mutu ndi kufooka kwakukulu, kumafuna chisamaliro chapadera, ndi kusanza komanso kusanza.
Zofunika!Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndikaluma kumaso, munthu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malingaliro olakwika kapena owoneka ngati fungo la munthu wina komanso zithunzi zosakhalapo.
Pomaliza, zovuta zam'maganizo zimawonekera, kuphatikiza kukhumudwa ndi mantha, nkhawa komanso kukwiya kwambiri. Matenda a chiwewe ndi oopsa komanso oopsa. Mwini galu aliyense ayenera kukumbukira izi, komanso kupatsira katemera wake munthawi yake.
