Nkhunda yachifumu Ndi mbalame yayikulu, yokongola yomwe imakopa chidwi ndi nthenga zake. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake komanso mawonekedwe awo, ndizovuta kunena kuti ndi njiwa zachizolowezi. Izi ndi mbalame zokoma zomwe zimatha kusungidwa kunyumba.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Nkhunda yachifumu
Nkhunda yovekedwa korona ndi mtundu wa mbalame komanso mitundu inayake kuchokera kubanja la nkhunda. Nkhunda izi zidapezeka mu 1819 ndipo nthawi yomweyo zidadzetsa mpungwepungwe wambiri. Chowonadi ndichakuti kwa nthawi yayitali sakanakhoza kudziwika ndi mtundu uliwonse chifukwa cha phylogenetics yosiyana, chifukwa chake, mpaka lero, ali mgulu lina latsopano la nkhunda.
Panali mtundu wina wamtundu wa nkhunda zovekedwa korona, komanso nkhunda zamamuna ndi mano, ndi nthambi imodzi, abale ake oyandikana kwambiri omwe ndi mbalame za dodo zomwe sizikupezeka. Koma chifukwa cha kapangidwe kachilendo ka DNA, nkhunda zovekedwa korona akadali "osatsimikizika".
Kanema: Njiwa yachifumu
Vuto limakhalanso chifukwa chakuti kwa nthawi yayitali nkhunda yovekedwa korona amawerengedwa kuti ndi mtundu wa nkhunda zongopeka. Komabe, chiphunzitso ichi sichinatsimikizidwe, ngakhale njiwa ili ndi zina zakunja zomwe zikuwonetsa kuswana.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mbalame ya dodo ndi wachibale wapafupi kuposa nkhunda zonse, kuphatikiza ndi imvi.
Monga mtundu, nkhunda yovekedwa korona ili ndi mitundu itatu, kunja kwake imatha kusiyanasiyana:
- zimakupiza zokhala ndi nkhunda zovekedwa nduwira;
- njiwa yamtengo wapatali ya chifuwa;
- njiwa yachifumu.
Kusankhidwa kwa mitunduyi kumangotengera kusiyanasiyana kwakanthawi kwakapangidwe kazachilengedwe. Chofunika kwambiri pamitundu yazinyama ndi malo omwe nkhunda zimakhala. Zatsimikiziridwanso kuti mitunduyi imatha kuswana wina ndi mnzake, ndipo ana awo amakhalanso achonde. Izi zimasokoneza kusiyanitsa kwa anthu a nkhunda zovekedwa korona.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Ndi njiwa yotchedwa korona yomwe imawoneka bwanji
Nkhunda zazikuluzikulu ndi mbalame zazikulu mpaka 80 cm (izi ndizofanana ndi Turkey). Kulemera kwamphongo kumakhala pafupifupi 2.5 kg, koma kunyumba mbalame zimadya mpaka 3 kg. Zazikazi ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi amuna, koma apa ndi pomwe mawonekedwe azakudya za mbalame amathera, monga oimira banja la nkhunda.
Nkhunda yovekedwa korona ikhoza kutchedwa peacock pakati pa nkhunda. Chinthu choyamba chomwe chimakugwirani maso ndi korona wake wa nthenga zonyezimira pamutu pake, ndichifukwa chake adadzitcha dzina. Nthenga izi zimapanga gawo lokwera. Nthenga iliyonse yopyapyala imakhala ndi ngayaye yaying'ono yakuda ndi mawanga oyera.
Nkhunda imakhala ndi buluu wonyezimira, nthawi zina imasiyanasiyana mpaka imvi. Ili ndi mutu wawung'ono, mlomo wotalika, wolunjika kumapeto. Kuyambira diso mpaka ngalande zammphuno pali malo akuda otambalala. Diso lofiira kwambiri.
Nkhunda ili ndi mawanga ofiira akuda pachifuwa komanso pansi pa mapiko. Zimawoneka bwino mbalame zikamauluka m'malere. Mimba ndiyonso yakuda kuposa thupi lonse, zomwe sizachilendo mbalame. Pofuna kubisala, mbalame nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi nthenga zowala m'mimba mwawo kuti zizibisalire kuzilombo zomwe zimauluka.
Mchira wa nkhunda ndi wautali komanso wotakasuka. Pamapeto pa mchira pamakhala mzere wopepuka wabuluu, ngati kuti umadutsa. Mawanga ofiira ofanana amawonekeranso pamapiko a nkhunda yovekedwa korona ikamathawa.
Tsopano inu mukudziwa momwe nkhunda yovekedwa korona imawonekera. Tiyeni tiwone kumene amakhala.
Kodi nkhunda yovekedwa korona ikukhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Njiwa yachifumu ku New Guinea
Nkhunda zonse zodzikongoletsera zimapezeka ku New Guinea, ndiye kuti, ndi gawo limodzi la zinyama za m'derali, zokhala ndikuswana komweko.
Malingana ndi mitundu, nkhunda zovekedwa korona zimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana.:
- nkhunda yovekedwa korona amakhala ku New Guinea;
- Nkhunda yovekedwa ndi mafani imakhazikika m'dera la New Guinea, koma samapita pachilumba chachikulu. Malo ake okhala ndizilumba za Biak ndi Yapen;
- kumwera kwa New Guinea kumakhala nkhunda yovekedwa pachifuwa.
Ndikosowa kwambiri kuti nkhunda izi zimapezeka m'malo otsatirawa.:
- Chilumba cha Vogelkop;
- Zilumba za Misso;
- Chilumba cha Salavati;
- Chilumba cha Selam;
- Batanta;
- Chilumba cha Waiego.
Nkhunda zachifumu ndi mbalame zokhazikika. Amasankha nkhalango zowirira, madambo, ndi malo osefukira madzi ngati malo okhala. Nkhunda sizimakonda kukwera mapiri ataliatali, chifukwa chake mapiri omwe amakhala amakhala okwera mamita 600 pamwamba pamadzi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nkhunda zachifumu zimalemekezedwa ndi anthu am'deralo ngati mbalame za milungu zomwe zimatumizidwa kukateteza anthu kunkhondo. Kunalibe nkhondo kumeneko.
Chifukwa choti anthu am'deralo amachitira ulemu nkhunda komanso bata, mbalamezo zidakhala zopanda manyazi. Amakhazikika pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, kudyetsa pafupi ndi msipu ndi malo olimapo.
Nkhunda zachifumu zimaberekedwanso kunyumba, koma mbalameyi imafuna momwe moyo ungakhalire. Mwachitsanzo, monga aviary, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito khola lalikulu kwambiri, lomwe lidzakhala lovuta kuyika m'nyumba.
Kodi njiwa yachifumu idya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nkhunda yovekedwa ndi zimakola
Kumtchire, nkhunda zovekedwa korona makamaka ndi mbalame zodyetsa. Amadya zipatso, zipatso, udzu wachidule, amakumba mizu ndi zipatso. Amadyetsa nthaka yokha, yomwe imatsimikiziranso moyo wapadera wa mbalamezi. Nthawi zina nkhunda zimatha kudya tizilombo, nyongolotsi kapena mphutsi, koma mbalame sizimachita kusaka mwadala.
Malo osungira nyama amakhalanso ndi nkhunda zachifumu. Kuti akhale ndi thanzi, mbalame zimadyetsa ndi papaya, yomwe ili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza. Chakudya chapadera cha mbalame za paradaiso chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito - ndizodabwitsa kuti chimalandiridwa bwino ndi nkhunda zovekedwa korona. Mbewu zomwe zimamera ndi mphutsi zamafuta zimawoneka ngati zopatsa thanzi kwambiri.
Zakudya zabwino za nkhunda zosungidwa kunyumba ziyenera kuyandikira kwambiri. Mbalame zimakhala zovuta komanso zodandaula, choncho muyenera kuzidyetsa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, poganizira za kudyetsa kuthengo.
Zakudya za nkhunda zapakhomo ziyenera kuphatikizapo:
- zosakaniza za tirigu - rye, mapira, mbewu za mpendadzuwa, mpunga, chimanga, mtedza, soya, nandolo, nyemba zonyowa m'madzi.
- nkhono za chipolopolo kuti zibwezeretse kuchepa kwa calcium;
- mphutsi za chakudya;
- nkhanu zazing'ono zosaphika;
- crickets zouma;
- mabokosi osweka a nkhuku pamodzi ndi mapuloteni owiritsa;
- tchizi kanyumba wopanda mafuta wopanda mafuta;
- tating'ono tating'ono tophika nyama;
- kaloti finely grated;
- zitsamba zatsopano;
- mikate yoyera yoviikidwa mkaka.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nkhunda yachifumu
Nkhunda zachifumu zimakhala zosintha tsiku lonse, ndipo zimathera tsiku lonse kufunafuna chakudya. Amakhala m'magulu a anthu 6-10, ngakhale nthawi zina pamakhala gulu la mbalame 20. Aliyense mu paketi ali pachibwenzi; nthawi zina gulu la nkhondoyi limatha kukhala ndi nkhunda zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Palibe olowererapo pagulu la nkhunda zovekedwa chisoti chachifumu. Pali achikulire omwe amapanga awiriawiri ndikukhala patali pang'ono, pomwe nkhunda zosungika ndi nyama zazing'ono zimayenda m'magulu akulu. Madzulo, mbalame zimakwera m'mitengo ya mitengo kumtunda kuchokera pansi, ngakhale nthawi zina zimagona pansi panthaka yazitsamba kwambiri. Khalidwe ili limakonda makamaka nkhunda zomwe zimakhala mdambo.
Nkhunda zokhala ndi nkhunda sizikhala ndi adani achilengedwe. Chifukwa cha ichi, adayamba kunyinyirika komanso kukhala ndi umunthu wabwino, zomwe sizachilendo mbalame. Nthawi zambiri amasankha midzi pafupi ndi nkhalango zanyontho kuti azikhalamo, nthawi zambiri amapita kukapita kwa anthu. Nkhunda zachifumu zili ndi chidwi ndipo zimapita kumakanema amakanema.
Mbalameyi ikamafunafuna chakudya, siigwira pansi ndi miyendo yake ndipo siigwetsa masamba akugwa ndi udzu wouma. M'malo mwake, njiwa imangotsegula zomwe zili m'masomphenya ake. Khalidweli ndilolungamitsidwa ndikuti nkhunda zovekedwa nkhata zopanda mpikisano wazakudya, chifukwa chake palibe chifukwa chofunafuna chakudya mwamphamvu - nthawi zonse zimakhala zili pansi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mbalame yovekedwa nkhunda
Nthawi yoswana imakhala nthawi yakugwa, pomwe mvula yambiri imayamba. Amuna amayamba kuvina ndi kurlyk - kutulutsa mawu amkati kuti akope akazi. Magule awo ndi okongola kwambiri: nkhunda zimatambasula mapiko awo ndi michira, zimazungulira pamalo, kupondaponda nthaka. Amuna angapo amatha kuyenda mozungulira mkazi, yemwe amawuluka kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo, kuyesa kukopa chidwi chake.
Komanso, mwamuna aliyense amafuna kuwonetsa mkazi kuti adzakhala bambo wabwino. Nkhunda zimawonetsa komwe angasankhe chisa, zimanyamula nthambi ndi masamba kupita kwa osankhidwayo, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pomanga chisa. Mwa kuvina ndi "kudzikongoletsa" mkazi amasankha mnzake.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nthawi zina nkhunda zimapanga awiriawiri kwa nyengo zingapo. Nthawi zina maanja amakhala olimba kotero kuti ngati m'modzi ataya mnzake, ndiye kuti amakhala yekha moyo wake wonse.
Akasankha bwenzi, nkhunda zachimuna ndi zazimayi zovekedwa korona zouluka zimauluka kupita kumalo komwe chisa chidzakhale - ili ndi nthambi yayikulu kwambiri yomwe kumakhala kotheka kukhala ndi anapiye. Pamenepo, banja limakhala ndikulira mokweza kuti liwonetse ena onse omwe ali phukusi lomwe latengedwa. Nthawi zina yamphongo imayenera kuthamangitsa nkhunda zina zomwe zingafunenso kutenga malowa.
Pakatikati pa nthawi yophukira, chisa chidamangidwa - iyi ndi nyumba yayikulu yopangidwa ndi nthambi, fluff ndi masamba kutalika kwa 10 mita pamwamba panthaka. Mkazi amaikira dzira limodzi chisa, koma kawirikawiri awiri. Ngati atayika mazira awiri, mwana wachiwiri amatha kufa.
Mkazi amakhala pa dzira usiku, ndipo amauluka kuti adye pansi masana. Amuna amalowa m'malo mwake masana. Popeza kuti mbalamezi zimabadwa nthawi zina, yaimuna imayamba kuonda kwambiri, chifukwa imadyetsa usiku ndipo nthawi zina imadya nyama zolusa. Mwamuna kapena mkazi akamwalira, nawonso mbewu imatha.
Pambuyo pakasinthana milungu inayi, kankhuku kamatuluka. Ichi ndi cholengedwa chopanda thandizo chomwe chimafuna chakudya chochuluka, choncho chachimuna ndi chachikazi chimayamba kufunafuna chakudya limodzi, kubweretsa mphutsi, mbewu ndi zipatso kwa mwana wankhuku. Pambuyo masiku 40, mwana wankhukuyo amakhala atakwanitsa kale kukonzekera kukonzekera kuthawa. Ikangonyamuka, nkhunda zovekedwa korona amadzichotsera udindo wamakolo.
Adani achilengedwe a nkhunda yovekedwa korona
Chithunzi: Ndi njiwa yotchedwa korona yomwe imawoneka bwanji
Nkhunda zachifumu sizimakumana ndi adani aliwonse. Nyama zazikulu zomwe zimawopseza mbalamezi ndi ermine. Ziweto sizachilendo ku New Zealand - zidakambidwa kumeneko kuti zizitha kulamulira akalulu ndi hares, omwe adachulukirachulukira pazilumbazi. Zitopazi zathana ndi kuchepa kwa akalulu, komanso zalepheretsa mbalame zambiri.
Pambuyo pa ermine, kunalibe zinyama ku New Zealand, kupatula mileme ndi marsupial wallabies, zomwe sizinkaopseza nkhunda. Agile ermines amasaka usiku komanso masana, zomwe zimasokoneza kwambiri moyo wa nkhunda.
Kuphatikiza pa kusaka achikulire, ma ermines adawononga zisa za nkhunda zovekedwa korona, kukokera anapiye ndikudya mazira. Nkhunda zachifumu zosaoneka bwino zakakamizidwa kuphunzira kukhala tcheru komanso kuchita mantha. Ermine sanathe kugwetsa nkhunda kwambiri, koma m'malo ambiri amakhala amantha kwambiri - zimawuluka nthambi zanthambi koyamba pangozi.
Amphaka ndi agalu obwera nawo amathanso kusaka nkhunda zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi midzi. Sikovuta kugwira nkhunda yotere: ndiyosachedwa, imadalira ndikunyamuka mwamphamvu chifukwa cha kulemera kwake kwakukulu. Komabe, ndizovuta kupezera mbalamezi pamitengo: zimadikirira moleza mtima mpaka chilombocho chichotsedwe pamunda, ndipo pambuyo pake zimawulukira pansi ndi gulu lonse.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Nkhunda yachifumu
Nkhunda zachifumu siziri pangozi. Komabe, kuchuluka kwawo kudavutika pazifukwa zingapo:
- nyama ya mbalamezi imadziwika kuti ndi yokoma. Chifukwa cha izi, nkhunda zimawomberedwa osati pamakungu a nkhunda zokha, komanso m'minda, pomwe amagulitsidwa pambuyo pake pamaphwando. Nkhunda yovekedwa korona sivuta kudyetsa kukula kwakukulu;
- nthenga zimagulitsidwa ngati zokongoletsera zokongoletsera. Nkhunda zachifumu sizinasakidweko, koma nthawi zina nthenga zawo zimapezeka pamsika wakuda;
- olanda adasaka nkhunda zovekedwa korona popanda zovuta. Awa ndi agalu, amphaka ndi ziboda zomwe tatchulazi;
- Kukula kwa madera atsopano kumawononga malo achilengedwe a nkhunda zachifumu. Ngakhale kuti amatha kusintha moyo pafupi ndi anthu, amavutika ndi kusowa kwa chakudya kapena chakudya - izi ndi zotsatira za chithandizo cha minda yaulimi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Ngakhale zonsezi, nkhunda yovekedwa korona ndi mbalame wamba ku New Zealand. Nthawi zina amagwidwa kuti akaikidwe kumalo osungira nyama kapena m'minda yamafamu. Nkhunda yovekedwa korona itha kugulidwa ndi dongosolo loyambirira la ma ruble osachepera 60,000. Nkhunda zimafuna malo otsekedwa komanso malo abwino osungira, koma ngati zinthu zonse zakwaniritsidwa, zimatha kuberekana ndikukhala zaka makumi awiri.
Nkhunda yachifumu - wokongola kwambiri komanso wamakhalidwe abwino. Mutha kukumana ndi mbalamezi osati ku New Zealand kokha, komanso kumalo osungira nyama ambiri, komwe mbalame zokonda kudziwa zimakhala zomasuka komanso zimakonda kucheza ndi anthu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/13/2019
Idasinthidwa: 14.08.2019 pa 23:36
