Oopsa, omnivorous komanso othamanga - oterowo ndi shark wopanda mphuno, akulima madzi amchere komanso amchere padziko lonse lapansi. Chilombocho chikuyang'anira nyanja ndi mitsinje, komwe kumakhala anthu ambiri, ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi shaki woopsa kwambiri wodya anthu.
Kufotokozera Kwa Blark Shark
Amatchedwanso imvi ng'ombe shark chifukwa chokhala m'banja komanso mtundu wa Gray shark.... Anamutcha Bull shark chifukwa chakamwa kwake konyentchera, komanso chizolowezi chake choyipa cha gobies choyendetsedwa ndi abusa kuti amwe. Anthu olankhula Chisipanishi adapatsa chilombocho dzina lakutali kwambiri - shaki yokhala ndi mutu ngati chikho (Tiburon cabeza de batea). Mitundu iyi ya shark idayambitsidwa kwa anthu mu 1839, chifukwa cha ntchito ya akatswiri aku biologist ku Germany Friedrich Jacob Henle ndi Johann Peter Müller.
Maonekedwe, kukula kwake
Ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri yomwe ili ndi thupi lopindika. Poyerekeza ndi nsomba zina zotuwa, imawoneka yolimba komanso yolimba. Amuna ndi ocheperako kuposa akazi - wamkazi (pafupifupi) amalemera makilogalamu 130 ndi kutalika pafupifupi 2.4 m, ndipo yamphongo imakoka 95 kg ndi kutalika kwa 2.25 m. Komabe, pali zambiri zokhudza anthu owoneka bwino, omwe kuchuluka kwawo kunali pafupifupi makilogalamu 600, ndipo kutalika mpaka 3.5-4 m.
Mphuno (yosalala ndi yosalala) imathandizira kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino, ndipo maso ang'ono ali ndi nembanemba yowala, monga abale onse a banja la sawtooth shark. Mano amphamvu (amakona atatu okhala ndi mbali yosanjikiza) ndi ofanana ndi a kambuku wa kambuku: ndi ocheperako pachibwano cha m'munsi kuposa chapamwamba. Izi zimachitika kuti nsombazi zimataya dzino lakumaso, kenako dzino limachoka pamzere wakumbuyo m'malo mwake, pomwe mano opha atsopano akupangika pafupipafupi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ng'ombe shark yatsimikiziridwa kuti ili ndi kuluma kwamphamvu kwambiri pakati pa nsombazi zamakono. Mphamvu yakuthwa kwa nsagwada poyerekeza ndi kulemera kwake idaganiziridwa, ndipo shark wonyezimira adawonetsa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri (ngakhale shaki yoyera idamupatsa).
Mphero yam'mbuyo yam'mbuyo imakhala yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa yakutsogolo, ndipo chovalacho chimakhala ndi mbali yayitali kumtunda yokhala ndi notch kumapeto. Kwa nsombazi, m'mphepete mwa zipsepazo mumakhala mdima pang'ono kuposa momwe thupi limakhalira, koma mtundu wa thupi umakhala wofanana nthawi zonse, wopanda mizere kapena mapangidwe. Mitundu yochenjera imathandiza kuti nyamayo ibisike m'madzi osaya: mtundu wamtundu kumbuyo umayenda bwino mbali zonse kupita m'mimba mopepuka. Kuphatikiza apo, ng'ombe shark imatha kuwongolera utoto mwamphamvu potengera kuwala pakadali pano.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Shark yosasunthika yasinthira moyo wamadzi atsopano komanso am'nyanja, kusambira mosavuta mobwerezabwereza, chifukwa cha zida zapadera zamagetsi. Awa ndi minyewa ndi thumbo tating'onoting'ono, ntchito yayikulu ndikuchotsa matupi amchere omwe amafika pomwe shaki ili munyanja. Nyamayo imatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa chakudya kapena zinthu zowopsa, moyang'ana pakumveka kochokera kwa iwo kapena utoto (zinthu zowala zachikaso / zolengedwa zomwe zili pansi zimapangitsa chidwi chapadera).
Ng'ombe shark ndiyolimba kwambiri komanso yosayembekezereka: machitidwe ake amalephera kulingalira kulikonse. Amatha kutsagana ndi wopotolayo kwa nthawi yayitali komanso osawoneka bwino, kuti amuukire mwachiwiri. Ndipo ndibwino ngati kuukira kungoyesa chabe ndipo sikupitilira ndi ma pussi angapo, ophatikizidwa ndi kulumidwa.
Zofunika! Iwo omwe safuna kukumana ndi shark wonyezimira ayenera kupewa madzi amatope (makamaka komwe mtsinje umadutsa munyanja). Kuphatikiza apo, simuyenera kulowa m'madzi mvula ikagwa mwamphamvu, ikadzaza ndi zamoyo zomwe zimakopa nsombazi.
Ndizosatheka kuthawa zachiwawa - nsombazi zimazunza wodwalayo mpaka kumapeto... Zowononga zimaukira aliyense amene awoloka malire a katundu wawo wamadzi, nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa ngakhale zoyendetsa zamagalimoto kunja kwa adani.
Kodi shark wamphongo amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Kutalika kwanthawi yayitali yamtunduwu kumayesedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Akatswiri ena a ichthyologists amati ng'ombe yamphongo imakhala ndi moyo wopitilira zaka 15, asayansi ena amatcha ziyembekezo - zaka 27-28.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Grey bull shark amakhala pafupifupi m'nyanja zonse (kupatula Arctic) ndi mitsinje yambiri yatsopano. Nsombazi zimapezeka m'madzi otentha, omwe nthawi zina zimamira pansi pa 150 m (nthawi zambiri zimawoneka mozama pafupifupi 30 m). Ku Atlantic, nsombazi zimatha kudziwa madzi kuchokera ku Massachusetts mpaka kumwera kwa Brazil, komanso kuchokera ku Morocco kupita ku Angola.
Ku Pacific Ocean, nsombazi zimakhala ku Baja California mpaka kumpoto kwa Bolivia ndi Ecuador, ndipo ku Indian Ocean zimapezeka m'madzi ochokera ku South Africa kupita ku Kenya, Vietnam, India ndi Australia. Mwa njira, bull shark imalemekezedwa kwambiri ndikuopedwa ndi nzika zamayiko angapo, kuphatikiza China ndi India. Imodzi mwa mitundu ya nsombazi zopanda pake imadyetsa mnofu wa munthu, womwe umathandizidwa ndi miyambo yakale yakomweko. Amwenye omwe amakhala pakamwa pa Ganges amatsitsa mafuko awo omwe adamwalira kuchokera kumtunda wapamwamba kupita m'madzi ake opatulika.
Zakudya za nsombazi
Chombocho sichikhala ndi kukoma kosalala ndipo pali zonse zomwe zimawonekera, kuphatikizapo zinyalala ndi zovunda. Pofunafuna nkhomaliro, ng'ombe yam'madzi yotchedwa shark ng'ombeyo imayang'ana pang'onopang'ono komanso mwaulesi imafufuza malo odyetserako ziweto, ikufulumizitsa kwambiri ikamawona nyama yoyenera. Amakonda kufunafuna chakudya chokha, kusambira m'madzi amatope omwe amabisa nsombazi kuti zisathere. Ngati chinthucho chikuyesera kuthawa, shark ng'ombe amaigunda m'mbali ndi kuluma. Ziphuphu zimalowetsedwa ndikulumidwa mpaka wovulalayo atadzipereka.
Zakudya zoyenera za shark wonyezimira ndi:
- nyama zam'madzi, kuphatikizapo dolphins;
- nsomba zazing'ono zamatenda;
- zamoyo zopanda mafupa (zazing'ono ndi zazikulu);
- nsomba zam'mafupa ndi kunyezimira;
- nkhanu, kuphatikizapo nkhanu;
- njoka zam'madzi ndi echinoderms;
- akamba a m'nyanja.
Bark shark amakonda kudya anzawo (amadya zipatso zawo), komanso nthawi zambiri amakoka nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimabwera kumitsinje kudzathirira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mosiyana ndi nsombazi, sawopa kulimbana ndi zinthu zofananira. Chifukwa chake, ku Australia, nsomba imodzi yamphongo inakwera pahatchi yothamanga, ndipo ina inakokera Nyanja ya American Staffordshire Terrier m'nyanja.
Kulakalaka komanso kusadya zakudya zamtunduwu ndizowopsa kwa anthu omwe nthawi ndi nthawi amatenga zilombo izi m'mano.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nyengo yosakanikirana ya shark imachedwa nthawi yachilimwe komanso kugwa koyambirira.... Kukhwima ndi kuyipa kwa mitunduyi, kapena kuti, amuna ake, akuwonetsedwa kwathunthu mumasewera achikondi: sizachabe kuti ichthyologists amagawa ng'ombe zamphongo zamphongo pakati pa nyama zoyipa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Zotsatira zake, matupi awo amatulutsa testosterone, zakuthambo zomwe zimayambitsa kusinthaku komanso kukhathamira kwa nsomba zowonazi. Ndi mafunde a mahomoni omwe amafotokozera kupsya mtima kwa ukaliwo pomwe nsombazi zimayamba kuwononga chilichonse choyenda pafupi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Wokondedwayo samadandaula ndi chibwenzi chomwe chatenga nthawi yayitali ndipo sanakonzekere kuwonetsa kukoma mtima: amangoluma wosankhidwa ndi mchira mpaka atagona ndi mimba yake. Pambuyo poti kugonana kwachitika, mkaziyo amachiritsa mabala ndi mabala omwe amupatsa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Pakubadwa, nyama zolusa zimalowa m'mitsinje yamadzi osefukira, zikuyenda m'madzi osaya (ng'ombe shark imadziwika ndikubadwa kwamoyo, monga shaki zina zotuwa). Mkazi amasandulika chofungatira, pomwe mazirawo amakula kwa miyezi 12. Mimba imatha ndikubadwa kwa 10-13 shark (0.56-0.81 m kutalika), komwe kumawonetsa mano otupa. Amayi sasamala za ana konse, ndichifukwa chake amayenera kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha kuyambira masiku oyamba.
Achinyamata samachoka pachilumbachi kwa zaka zingapo: apa ndikosavuta kuti apeze chakudya ndikubisala kwa omwe amawatsata. Msinkhu wobereka nthawi zambiri umayamba zaka 3-4, pomwe amuna amatambasula mpaka 1.57-2.26 m, ndipo akazi achichepere - mpaka 1.8-2.3 m. Atakwanitsa kubereka, nsombazi zopanda khungu zimachoka m'madzi amchere, komwe wobadwa ndikuleredwa, ndipo amayenda molunjika kunyanja kuti akalambe.
Adani achilengedwe
Shark yosasunthika (monga nyama zambiri zam'madzi) imavala piramidi ya chakudya, chifukwa chake ilibe mdani, kupatula shaki zamphamvu kwambiri ndi anamgumi opha.
Zofunika! Nsomba zazing'ono zamphongo zimagwidwa ndi nsomba zazikulu zoyera, nyalugwe ndi imvi zamtambo, komanso zimaimira zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwa achikulire amtundu wawo ndi nyama zothinana.
M'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nsomba zazikulu ndi zazing'ono zamphongo zimasakidwa ndi zokwawa zazikulu:
- ng'ona (kumpoto kwa Australia);
- Ng'ona za Nailo (ku South Africa);
- Zilumba za Mississippi;
- Ng'ona za ku Central America;
- Ng'ombe zam'madzi.
Choopsa kwambiri kwa nsombazi chimachokera kwa anthu omwe amawasaka chifukwa cha nyama ndi zipsepse zawo... Nthawi zambiri kupha nsombazi kumangotengera mtima wofuna kudzisungira kapena kubwezera kuphulika kwamwazi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Grey ng'ombe shark ndi ya nyama zamasewera, ndichifukwa chake anthu akucheperachepera. Kuphatikiza pa zamkati mwa nyama, chiwindi ndi kapamba (zosowa zamakampani opanga mankhwala) ndi khungu lotanuka (zokutira m'mabuku kapena zotsekemera zama ulonda ndi zodzikongoletsera) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
International Union for Conservation of Nature idaganiza kuti lero zamoyozi zili ndi "pafupi ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo". Chifukwa cha thanzi lawo labwino, nsombazi zimasinthasintha bwino momwe zimakhalira ndipo zimatha kusungidwa m'malo am'madzi.
