Makhalidwe ndi kufotokozera kwa echidna
Echidna - chilengedwe chapadera cha chilengedwe. Ndizowona! Chiyambi cha nyama zapaderazi chidaphunziridwa mwachisawawa ndipo mafunso ambiri okhudza moyo wawo ndiopikisana ndipo amawawona kuti ndi otseguka.
- powonekera, echidna imawoneka ngati hedgehog kapena nungu, ilinso ndi pafupifupi thupi lonse lokutidwa ndi singano;
- echidna imayikira mazira kuti apitilize mtundu wake, womwe umakonda kwambiri mbalame;
- amanyamula ana ake m'thumba lapadera, monga momwe kangaroo amachitira;
- koma amadya mofanana ndi nyama yakudya.
- ndi zonsezi, ma echidna achichepere amadya mkaka ndipo amakhala mgulu lazinyama.
Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amalankhula za echidna ngati "chirombo cha mbalame". Yang'anani pa chithunzi cha echidna, ndipo zambiri zidzawonekera pang'onopang'ono. Ndi chiyani cholengedwa ichi chapadera, echidna uyu ndi ndani?
Echidna ndi platypus ndi amtundu womwewo, omwe amadziwika kuti monotremes (monotremes). Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu iwiri ya echidna:
- zokometsera (Tasmania, Australia)
- ubweya (New Guinea)
Pamwamba pa thupi pamadzaza singano, zomwe ndizotalika pafupifupi masentimita 6. Mtundu wa singano umasiyanasiyana yoyera mpaka bulauni yakuda, chifukwa chake mtundu wa chinyama ndiosafanana.
Kuphatikiza pa singano, echidna ili ndi malaya abulauni, ndi owuma komanso olimba. Makamaka kwambiri komanso motalika kwambiri m'chigawo cha parotid. Kukula kwake, echidna ndi ya nyama zazing'ono, pafupifupi masentimita 40.
Kujambula ndi echidna yaubweya
Mutu ndi waung'ono kukula ndipo nthawi yomweyo umaphatikizana ndi thupi. Mphuno ndi yayitali komanso yopyapyala, ndipo imathera ndi kamwa yaying'ono - chubu, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa mulomo. Echidna ili ndi lilime lalitali komanso lolimba, koma nthawi yomweyo ilibe mano konse. Mwambiri, mlomo umathandizira nyama kuti iziyendetse mlengalenga, popeza masomphenyawo ndi ofowoka kwambiri.
Echidna imayenda ndi miyendo inayi, ndi yaying'ono kukula, koma yamphamvu kwambiri, yolimba. Ali ndi zala zisanu pachikhatho chilichonse, zomwe zimakhazikika ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu.
Claw wamkulu, makamaka pafupifupi masentimita asanu, amakula pa miyendo yake yakumbuyo, yomwe nyama imakankhira masingano ake ndi tsitsi, imachotsa tiziromboti tovulaza. Echidna ili ndi mchira wawung'ono, womwe ndi wovuta kuuwona, chifukwa umakhala wokutidwa kwambiri ndi tsitsi ndi msana, ndipo umalumikizana ndi thupi la munthu.
Chozizwitsa chapaderachi, monga hedgehog, chimatha kupindika ndikusanduka mpira wonyezimira. Ngati pali chinthu china chowopsa kapena chowopseza moyo pafupi, ndiye kuti echidna imadzibisa yokha m'nthaka yosalala ndi theka la thupi lake ndikuwonetsa singano zake ngati chitetezo kuti mdani asayandikire.
Nthawi zambiri, mumayenera kuthawa zoopsa, apa paws yolimba imathandizira, yomwe imathandizira kuyenda mwachangu pogona lodalirika. Kuphatikiza pa kuchita bwino pa kuthamanga, echidna imasangalalanso posambira.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa echidna
Echidna amakhala ku Australia, New Guinea ndi Tasmania. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, moyo wa echidna udafotokozedwa ndi a Georgia Shaw mu 1792, ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyi kuyang'anitsitsa nyama iyi kunayamba. Komabe, ma echidnas amakhala achinsinsi kwambiri ndipo sakonda kusokonezedwa m'miyoyo yawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuphunzira komanso kafukufuku.
Osati pachabe mawu "Woyipa" amatanthauza kubisalira. Ndipo kenako echidna chinyama Wobisika komanso wosamala, salola kuti moyo wake ulowerere. Ma echidna aku Australia amakonda kukhala usiku.
Amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango kapena m'malo okhala ndi mitengo yambiri, pomwe nyama imamva kuti yatetezedwa ndi masamba ndi zomera. Echidna imatha kubisala m'nkhalango, mizu ya mitengo, ming'alu ya miyala, mapanga ang'onoang'ono, kapena maenje omwe akalulu ndi ma wombat amakumba.
M'misasa yotereyi, nyama imakhala nthawi yotentha kwambiri masana, ndikumadzulo, kukazizira kumamveka bwino, echidnas imayamba kukhala moyo wokangalika.
Komabe, pakayamba nyengo yozizira munyamayo, moyo umawoneka kuti ukucheperako ndipo kwakanthawi amatha kupita ku tulo, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri echidna siikhala m'gulu la nyama zomwe zimagona nthawi yozizira. Khalidwe ili la echidna limalumikizidwa ndi kusowa kwa tiziwalo totuluka thukuta, chifukwa chake silimasiyana bwino ndi kutentha kosiyanasiyana.
Ndikusintha kwakukulu kwa zizindikiritso za kutentha, chinyama chimakhala chofooka komanso chosagwira ntchito, nthawi zina chimalepheretsa zochitika zofunikira. Katundu wamafuta ochepera amapatsa thupi zakudya zofunikira kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zina zimatha pafupifupi miyezi inayi.
Pachithunzicho, echidna poteteza
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nthawi yobereketsa, yotchedwa nyengo yokhathamira, imagwera nthawi yachisanu ku Australia, yomwe imayamba kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembala. Nthawi zina, ma duwa amakhala okha, koma nyengo yachisanu ikayamba amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala akazi amodzi ndi amuna angapo (nthawi zambiri amakhala amuna 6 mgulu limodzi).
Kwa mwezi wathunthu, amakhala ndi nthawi yotchedwa chibwenzi, pomwe nyama zimadyera ndikukhala limodzi kudera lomwelo. Kenaka amunawo amapita pa siteji ya kukondana ndi akazi. Nthawi zambiri izi zimawonetsedwa ndikuti nyama zimanunkhana ndikutulutsa mphuno zawo mchira wa mkazi yekhayo woyimira gulu lawo.
Akazi atakhala okonzeka kukwatirana, amuna amamuzungulira ndikuyamba mwambo wamtundu waukwati, womwe umakhala mukuzungulira kukumba ngalande pafupifupi masentimita 25 mozungulira wamkazi.
Chithunzi ndi echidna yokhala ndi dzira laling'ono
Zonse zikakonzeka, nkhondo za mutu wa oyenerera kwambiri zimayamba, amuna amakankhana kunja kwa ngalande. Yekhayo amene adzagonjetse aliyense ndipo adzakwatirana ndi mkaziyo.
Pafupifupi masabata 3-4 kuchokera pamene mating atachitika, mkaziyo amakhala wokonzeka kuikira dzira. Kuphatikiza apo, echidna nthawi zonse imayikira dzira limodzi lokha. Chikwama cha echidna chimangowonekera pakadali pano, kenako chimasowanso.
Dzira limakhala lofanana ndi nsawawa ndipo limakwana m'thumba la mayi. Momwe izi zimachitikira zimatsutsanabe ndi asayansi. Pakadutsa masiku pafupifupi 8 mpaka 12, mwana wamwamuna amabadwa, koma masiku 50 otsatira kuyambira nthawi yowonekera, adzakhala akadali m'thumba.
Kujambula ndi echidna wakhanda
Kenako mayi echidna amapeza malo abwino komwe amasiya mwana wake ndipo amamuchezera kamodzi pa sabata kuti akamudyetse. Chifukwa chake, miyezi inanso isanu imadutsa. Ndiye nthawi imafika pomwe ana a echidna okonzekera moyo wachikulire wodziyimira pawokha ndipo safunikiranso chisamaliro cha amayi ndi chisamaliro.
Echidna imatha kubereka koposa kamodzi pazaka ziwiri zilizonse, kapena ngakhale kangapo, koma mtundu wa chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi pafupifupi zaka 13-17. Izi zimaonedwa kuti ndizabwino kwambiri. Komabe, panali zochitika zina pomwe ma echidna omwe amakhala kumalo osungira nyama amakhala zaka 45.
Chakudya cha Echidna
Zakudya za echidna zimaphatikizapo nyerere, chiswe, mbozi zazing'ono, ndipo nthawi zina makanda. Kuti adzipezere chakudya, echidna amakumba chitumbuwa kapena chiswe, amadula makungwa a mitengo pomwe tizilombo timabisala, amasuntha miyala yaying'ono yomwe mumatha kupeza nyongolotsi, kapena ingopesa pakati pa masamba a nkhalango, moss ndi nthambi zazing'ono ndi mphuno zake.
Nyama ikangopezeka, lilime lalitali limayamba kugwira ntchito, pomwe tizilombo kapena mbozi zimamatira. Pofuna kugaya nyamayo, echidna ilibe mano, koma njira yake yogaya chakudya imapangidwa kuti ikhale ndi mano apadera a keratin omwe amathira pakamwa.
Chifukwa chake, njira "yotafuna" imachitika. Kuphatikiza apo, mchenga, timiyala tating'ono ndi nthaka zimalowa mthupi la echidna, zomwe zimathandizanso kugaya chakudya m'mimba mwa nyama.
