Oribi Ndi mphalapala yaying'ono, yofulumira ku Africa, yofanana kwambiri ndi mbawala yaying'ono (fuko la Neotragini, banja la Bovidae). Amakhala kumpoto chakum'mwera kwa mapiri a Africa, komwe amakhala awiriawiri kapena ang'onoang'ono. Oribi ndi mtundu wambiri wamtundu wazinyama; gulu lofala kwambiri ndimamuna amodzi okhala ndi akazi anayi akuluakulu ndi ana awo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Oribi
Oribi ndi mamembala amtundu wa antelope. Dzinalo "oribi" limachokera ku dzina lachi Africa lanyama, oorbietjie. Oribi ndiye nkhandwe yokhayokha ya pygmy ndipo mwina yonyezimira pang'ono kwambiri, mwachitsanzo herbivore, chifukwa imadya masamba ndi udzu. Amapeza madzi okwanira kuchokera pachakudya chake kuti akhale wopanda madzi.
Oribi imagawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi atatu, iliyonse yomwe imatha kutalika mpaka 80 cm. M'magulu ambiri a oribi, akazi amakonda kulemera kuposa amuna. Oribi amakhala m'magulu a anthu pafupifupi 4 m'magawo kuyambira 252 mpaka 100 mahekitala. Gulu limalamulidwa ndi wamwamuna yemwe ali ndi udindo woteteza gawolo.
Kanema: Oribi
A Oribi amasiya madera awo kuti akayendere zinyumba zamchere, kapinga kapangidwe ka udzu wofupikitsa wopangidwa ndi zotchera zazikulu, komanso kuphulika kwaudzu atayaka nthawi yadzinja. Chifukwa chake, mzere wa Oribi ukhoza kusonkhana pamalo osalowerera ndale. Moto wapachaka ukachotsa malo obisalapo osagwirizana, mamembala amathawira kwina kulikonse.
Gwapeyu amadziwika ndi ubweya wake wamfupi wofiirira, mimba yoyera ndi mchira wakuda bii, yoyera pansi pake. Mkaziyo amakhala ndi chovala chakuda pamwamba pamutu komanso pamutu wamakutu, pomwe champhongo chimakhala ndi nyanga.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe Oribi amawonekera
Oribi ali ndi thupi lowonda, chiwalo chachitali ndi khosi lalitali. Kutalika kwake ndi 51-76 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 14 kg. Zazikazi ndizokulirapo pang'ono kuposa zamphongo, zili ndi makutu otuluka, ndipo amuna amakhala ndi nyanga mpaka masentimita 19. Chovala chanyama chimakhala chachifupi, chosalala, kuyambira bulauni mpaka bulauni yofiirira. Oribi ali ndi mkati mwake, zoyera, khosi, khutu ndi khutu lamkati, komanso mzere woyera pamwamba pa diso. Ili ndi malo amiseche yakuda pansi pa khutu lililonse ndi mchira wakuda wakuda. Mtundu wa oribi umadalira malo ake.
Oribi ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera aubweya woyera pamwamba pamaso. Mphuno ndi zofiira ndipo pali malo akulu akuda pansi pa khutu lililonse. Dazi ili limakhala laminyewa, monganso mapindowo ofukula mbali zonse za mphuno (yotsirizira imatulutsa kafungo kololeza nyamayo kuti izindikire gawo lake).
Chosangalatsa: Oribi amadziwika ndi kulumpha kwawo "komwe amaponyera", komwe amalumphira mlengalenga ndi zikopa zawo pansi pawo, akugwedeza misana yawo, asanatenge masitepe pang'ono ndikuyimiranso.
Oribi ndi yaying'ono poyerekeza ndi antelope ena aku South Africa. Imafika kutalika kwa masentimita 92 mpaka 110 komanso kutalika kwa masentimita 50 mpaka 66. Oribi wamba amalemera pakati pa 14 mpaka 22 kg. Nthawi ya oribi ndi pafupifupi zaka 13.
Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe a oribi ndi awa:
- mchira wakuda wakuda;
- makutu owulungika okhala ndi mtundu wakuda wakuda;
- wakuda pansi pa makutu;
- thupi lofiirira lokhala ndi zoyera pansi;
- Amuna ali ndi nyanga zazifupi zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi mphete m'munsi;
- akazi ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa amuna;
- kumbuyo kwake kuli kotsika pang'ono kuposa kutsogolo.
Oribi amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Oribi pygmy antelope
Oribi amapezeka kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa. Amapezeka m'malo a Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Botswana, Angola, Mozambique, Zimbabwe ndi South Africa. Makamaka, amapezeka kum'mawa ndi pakati ku South Africa. Ndi nyumba zachilengedwe monga Kruger National Park, Oribi Gorge Nature Reserve, Shibuya Private Game Reserve, ndi Ritvlei Game Reserve ku Gauteng, komwe kuli Oribi.
Ma Oribes amwazikana mu Africa yense, ndipo palibe unyolo umodzi womwe ukupitilira womwe ungapezeke. Mtundu wawo umayambira m'mbali mwa gombe la Eastern Cape ku South Africa, ndikulowera pang'ono kumtunda, ndikudutsa KwaZulu-Natal kupita ku Mozambique. Ku Mozambique, zidafalikira pakati pa dzikolo mpaka kumalire omwe Oribi amagawana ndi Zimbabwe, mpaka ku Zambia. Amakhalanso kumadera aku Tanzania omwe amafalikira kumpoto ndikufalikira mpaka kumalire a Africa m'mphepete mwa Chipululu cha Sahara mpaka kugombe lakumadzulo kwa Africa. Palinso mzere wopapatiza m'mphepete mwa nyanja yaku Kenya komwe angakumanirane.
Oribi ndi imodzi mwanyani zazing'ono zomwe zimadya msipu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimapewa madera olamulidwa ndi zitsamba ndi mitengo komanso madera okhala ndiudzu. Grasslands, nkhalango zotseguka makamaka madera osefukira ndi malo omwe amapezeka. Amakonda kudya udzu waufupi, makamaka chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi kutalika kwake, motero amatha kukhala pafupi ndi nyama zikuluzikulu monga njati, mbidzi ndi mvuu, zomwe zimadya udzu wapamwamba.
Mitunduyi imacheza ndi nyama zina ndipo imatha kudyetsa mwamtendere ndi mbawala ya Thomson kapena mvuu. Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti mitunduyi imasakanikirana chifukwa imagawananso nyama zomwezi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mwayi wowona chilombo ndikuwapewa. Ngakhale amakhala ndi magulu osiyanasiyana ku Africa, palibe oribi yemwe adanenedwa ku Burundi kwanthawi yayitali.
Amadya chiyani Oribi?
Chithunzi: Oribi antelope
Oribi amasankha bwino zitsamba zomwe amadya. Nyama imakonda udzu waufupi. Komabe, ngati kuli kotheka, imadyanso masamba ena ndi mphukira pamene chilala kapena kutentha zimapangitsa udzu kukhala wosowa. Oribi nthawi zina amawononga mbewu zakumunda monga tirigu ndi oats chifukwa chakudyachi chimafanana ndi chakudya chawo.
Chosangalatsa: Oribi amapeza madzi awo ambiri kuzitsamba ndi masamba omwe amadya, ndipo safunikira madzi apansi kuti apulumuke.
Oribi amadyetsa nthawi yamvula pamene udzu watsopano umapezeka mosavuta ndipo umasuzumira chilala chikachitika, ndipo udzu watsopano suli wofala. Nyama yovutayi imadya pafupifupi zitsamba khumi ndi chimodzi ndipo imadya masamba a mitengo isanu ndi iwiri. Zimadziwikanso kuti nyama imapita kukanyambita mchere tsiku lililonse kapena masiku atatu.
Oribi ndi imodzi mwazinyama zochepa zomwe zimapindula ndi moto. Moto utazima, oribi amabwerera kuderali ndikudya udzu wobiriwira watsopano. Amuna achikulire amalemba madera awo ndi zinsinsi kuchokera kumatumbo oyamba. Amateteza madera awo polemba udzu pophatikizana ndi zotulutsa zakuda kuchokera kumafinya am'mbuyomu, pokodza, komanso matumbo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: African Oribi antelope
Oribi amatha kupezeka awiriawiri kapena pagulu la atatu. Ngati pali nyama yokhayokha, mwina ndi yamphongo, popeza akazi amakonda kumamatirana. M'madera akutali, magulu amatha kukhala okulirapo pang'ono. Mawiri akakwatirana ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi mahekitala 20 mpaka 60.
Atakumana ndi zoopsa - nthawi zambiri nyama yolusa - oribi amaima osadukiza muudzu wamtali, akuyembekeza kuti asadziwike. Nyamayo ikangoyandikira ndipo ili pamtunda wa mamita ochepa kuchokera ku mphalapala, nyamayo ikhoza kudumpha, ikunyezimira mbali yoyera yoyera ya mchira wake kuchenjeza adani, kwinaku ikuimba mluzu wokwera kwambiri. Amathanso kudumpha motsetsereka, kuwongola miyendo yawo yonse ndikupindika kumbuyo kwawo atadabwitsidwa ndi chilombo. Njirayi imatchedwa stotting.
Antelopes awa ndi madera ambiri, monga abale awo, ndipo amapanganso magulu awiri ophatikizana, koma osati mofanana ndi mitundu ina. Oribi amatha kupanga awiriawiri momwe amuna amakhala ndi akazi oberekera opitilira mmodzi, osati awiri okha aamuna ndi wamkazi mmodzi. Nthawi zambiri awiriawiri amachokera pakati pa 1 mpaka 2 ya akazi yamwamuna aliyense. Mabanja amakhala mdera lomweli, lomwe limasiyana kukula, koma akuti pafupifupi 1 kilomita imodzi. Banja likamalemba gawo lawo, chachimuna chimayamba ndi kununkhiza chachikazi, chomwe chimayamba kuthira ndowe zake. Kenako yamphongo imagwiritsa ntchito zonunkhira kuti imusiye kununkhirako, isanapondereze ndowe zachikazi ndikusiya mkodzo ndi manyowa pamwamba pake.
Chosangalatsa: Oribi ali ndi tiziwalo 6 tomwe timatulutsa zonunkhira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba madera awo, koma amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kufotokoza zambiri.
Nthawi zambiri samalumikizana kupatula kukwatirana, ngakhale abale awo amakhudza mphuno zawo mwanjira ina. Amuna amathera nthawi yochuluka akuteteza malire ndikulemba madera awo, pafupifupi 16 pa ola limodzi, ndi zotulutsa zoyambira m'modzi mwa zotupa zawo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Oribi ku Africa
Nyamazi zimakwatirana pakati pa Epulo ndi Juni ndipo patatha miyezi 7 isanakwane, mwana wamwamuna wamwamuna wamwamuna amabadwa. Mwana woyamba kubadwa wamkazi amabwera mayi atakwanitsa zaka ziwiri (komabe, akazi amatha msinkhu miyezi 10 ndipo amatha kutenga pakati kuchokera pamenepo), kenako amabala mwanawankhosa mmodzi pachaka kufikira atakwanitsa zaka 8 ndi 13.
Ana ambiri amabadwa nthawi yamvula pamene chakudya chimapezeka mosavuta komanso malo okhala okwanira mayi ndi mwana. Mwanawankhosayo amabisidwa muudzu wamtali masabata 8-10 oyamba amoyo wake. Mayiyo apitiliza kubwerera kwa iye kukadya. Pomaliza, amaletsa kuyamwa atakwanitsa miyezi 4 kapena 5. Amuna amakula msinkhu pa miyezi 14. Pali akazi amodzi kapena awiri m'gawo lililonse.
Ngakhale kuti oribi amapezeka m'mitundu iwiri, mitundu yatsopano yamitala yawonedwa pamutu wokonda amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Mpaka theka la gawo la oribi m'deralo atha kukhala ndi akazi awiri kapena kupitilira apo; akazi ena nthawi zambiri, koma osati nthawi zonse, amakhalabe ana aakazi.
Mlandu wachilendo komanso wosadziwika pakati pa antelope ena a pygmy unachitikira ku Serengeti National Park ku Tanzania, komwe amuna awiri kapena atatu achikulire amatha kuteteza gawoli. Sazichita mofanana: Mwini gawolo akutenga nawo gawo mgwirizanowu, yemwe amalekerera amuna ocheperako. Samapeza azimayi owonjezera ndipo nthawi zina amatsatira omwe ali pansi pake, koma chitetezo cholumikizana chimafikira malo.
Adani achilengedwe a oribi
Chithunzi: Oribi wamkazi
Kumtchire, oribi ali pachiwopsezo cha adani monga:
- nyama zakufa;
- afisi;
- mikango;
- akambuku;
- mimbulu;
- Agalu amtchire aku Africa;
- ng'ona;
- njoka (makamaka nsato).
Oribi wachichepere amawopsezedwanso ndi mimbulu, amphaka amphaka aku Libya, bowa, anyani, ndi ziwombankhanga. M'minda yambiri yomwe oribi imapezeka, kudya nyama zakuthengo kwambiri ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwawo. Ng'ona ndi nkhandwe zimakhala m'malo okhalamo komanso madera ozungulira. Dongosolo lothandiza pakulamulira zilombo ndilofunika kuti zamoyo monga oribi zitheke.
Komabe, ku South Africa, amasakidwanso ngati chakudya kapena masewera, zomwe ndizosaloledwa. Oribi amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yodyera anthu ambiri ku Africa ndipo amasakidwa ndikupha nyama mopitirira muyeso. Zikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikusaka agalu, nyamazi zimakhala ndi mwayi wopulumuka. Malo awo okhala achilengedwe akuwopsezedwa ndi kuipitsidwa, kutukuka kwamatauni komanso nkhalango zamalonda.
Malo okondedwa a oribi ndi mapiri otseguka. Izi zidawapangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa osaka nyama mopanda chilolezo. Magulu akuluakulu a anthu opha nyama mosakaikira ndi agalu awo osaka amatha kupha anthu a oribi posaka kamodzi. Malo ambiri okhalamo a oribi amakhala m'manja mwa eni eni minda yaulimi. Ndi kuchinga kwa ng'ombe kokha komanso kusowa ndalama kwa magulu apadera olimbana ndi kuwononga nyama zazing'ono, antelope yaying'ono iyi ndi yomwe imalimbikitsa maphwando.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Momwe Oribi amawonekera
Zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, chiwerengero cha oribi chinali pafupifupi 750,000, koma kuyambira pamenepo sichikhala chokhazikika ndipo chatsika pang'ono chaka ndi chaka, ngakhale kuti panalibe kalembera yemwe akanatsimikizira izi mosabisa. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha Oribi ku South Africa chikupezeka ku Chelmsford Nature Reserve m'chigawo cha KwaZulu-Natal.
Oribi pakadali pano akuwopsezedwa kuti atha chifukwa choti malo awo akuwonongeka komanso chifukwa akusakidwa mosaloledwa. Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi omwe amalima ndipo motero amakhala osowa komanso ogawanika, pomwe kusaka mosaloledwa ndi agalu kumawonjezera chiopsezo pakupitilira kwawo. Komabe, anthu ambiri akukhalabe m'minda yawoyawo, ndipo kalembera wamagulu ogwira ntchito pachaka ndichida chofunikira kwambiri pakudziwitsa kukula kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso momwe zinthu zikuyendera.
Kuphatikiza pa izi, kulibe kuzindikira za momwe alili, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwongolera kosayenera kwa mitunduyo. Tsoka ilo, ndizovuta kwa osaka nyama, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala osasunthika akafikiridwa, kutengera kubisala kwawo, m'malo mothawa. Mimbulu yamanyaziyi iyenera kutetezedwa chifukwa kuchuluka kwawo kukuchepa kwambiri.
Mlonda wa Oribi
Chithunzi: Oribi wochokera ku Red Book
Gulu la Ogwira Ntchito la Oribi, lomwe ndi logwirizira ntchito zosiyanasiyana loteteza zachilengedwe lomwe lili pansi pa Ndondomeko Yowopsa ya Zinyama Zakuthengo, posachedwapa ndipo lachita bwino kusamutsa awiriawiri a Oribi omwe awopsezedwa kupita kumalo osungira atsopano komanso oyenera. Kusamutsidwa kwa nyamazi ndi gawo limodzi la njira zosamalira.
Oribi, antelope odziwika bwino kwambiri omwe amakhala m'malo odyetserako ziweto ku Africa, amadziwika kuti Ali Pangozi Pazomwe Zili M'manja Zam'madzi ku South Africa chifukwa chakuchepa kwazaka zaposachedwa. Choopseza chachikulu kwa oribi ndikuwonongeka kosatha kwa malo awo okhala ndi kufunafuna kosalekeza kwamitundu mwa kusaka ndi agalu.
Eni malo okhala ndi kasamalidwe koyenera ka malo odyetserako ziweto komanso kuwunika mosamala ndi kuwongolera kusaka agalu atha kuchita mbali yofunikira pakukonza zochitika ku oribi. Nthawi zina, izi sizingathe kulamulidwa ndi eni malo, ndipo m'malo otalikiranawa, gulu logwira ntchito la Oribi limasunthira nyama zomwe zili pangozi m'malo otetezedwa komanso oyenera.
Chifukwa chake gulu logwira ntchito linasuntha oribi kuchokera ku nkhokwe ya Nambiti Game kupita ku KwaZulu-Natal, komwe kusamutsidwa kwamtundu wa cheetah posachedwa kwawaika pachiwopsezo, kumalo osungira zachilengedwe a Gelijkwater Mistbelt. Malo osungira fogfield awa ndi abwino kuchitira oribi omwe kale amakhala m'derali koma adasowa zaka zingapo zapitazo. Alonda amayenda pafupipafupi m'derali, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti malowa ndi malo abwino othawirako oribi.
Pamene malo olimapo akuyerekezera komanso ziweto zambiri zikudya msipu wokulirapo, oribi akukankhidwira m'malo ang'onoang'ono komanso ogawanika. Chitsanzochi chikuwonekera pakukula kwa oribi yomwe imapezeka m'malo otetezedwa komanso kutali ndi midzi. Ngakhale m'malo otetezedwawa, anthu satetezedwa kwathunthu.Mwachitsanzo, Boma National Park ndi South National Park ku South Sudan awonetsa kuchepa kwa anthu m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Oribi ndi mphalapala yaying'ono yomwe imadziwika chifukwa cha malo ake okometsetsa ndipo imapezeka m'mapiri a kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa. Ali ndi miyendo yopyapyala ndi khosi lalitali, lokongola lokhala ndi mchira wawufupi, wotota. Lerooribi Ndi imodzi mwazinyama zomwe zimawopsezedwa ku South Africa, ngakhale zilipo zochepa m'malo ena ambiri ku Africa.
Tsiku lofalitsidwa: 01/17/2020
Idasinthidwa: 03.10.2019 nthawi 17:30
