Mangalitsa - mtundu wosazolowereka wa nkhumba zoweta. Nyama izi zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe osakhala ofanana, chifukwa zimaphimbidwa kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumapazi ndi tsitsi lopotana. Mangalitsa adalengedwa ngati nyama zanyama, zomwe zimapereka mafuta ambiri. Koma chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awa, mangalitsa adayamba ngakhale kutenga malo a ziweto pakati pa okonda nyama zachilendo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Mangalitsa
Mangalitsa ndi mtundu wa nkhumba zoweta zochokera ku Hungary. Mitunduyi idabwereranso m'zaka za zana la 19 podutsa nkhumba zaku Hungary kuchokera ku Salonta ndi Bakony, ndikuphatikiza nkhumba zakutchire zaku Europe ndi nkhumba za Shumadi.
Amakhulupirira kuti, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a malaya ndi thupi, ma mangalitsa ali pafupi kwambiri ndi nkhumba zomwe zatha, monga nkhumba ya Lincolnshire yopota, yomwe idakhala ku England kale.
Kanema: Mangalitsa
Monga nkhumba zonse zowetedwa powoloka, a Mangalitsa ali ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe ndizapadera pagulu la nkhumba. Kutalika kwa thupi la nkhumba zoweta, mwanjira zambiri, kumasiyana kwambiri: kuyambira mita imodzi mpaka ziwiri, ndipo anthu akuluakulu onenepa amatha kulemera mpaka 150 kg.
Mosiyana ndi makolo amtchire, nkhumba zoweta ndizodziwika bwino. Nguluwe zamtchire zimadya chakudya chambiri, pomwe nkhumba zoweta zimakonda kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo nyama. Ngakhale nkhumba zoweta zoweta zimapitirizabe kukhala zamasamba. Mangalitsa nazonso - amadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana.
Nkhumba zoweta zidasinthidwa ngati mitundu ya nyama: nyamazi zimatha kulemera mosavuta ndikukhala okhulupirika kwa anthu, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala nyama zabwino zosungira nyumba. Mangalitsa amathandizidwanso ngati nyama, koma nthawi zina amatenga nkhumba zokongoletsa. Nthawi zambiri, nkhumba zazing'ono zimawerengedwa ngati zokongoletsa - mitundu ing'onoing'ono yomwe imasungidwa kunyumba, ngati agalu kapena amphaka.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi mangalitsa amawoneka bwanji
Anthu aku Mangolani amasinthidwa kukhala moyo wovutirapo - mtundu uwu udaphunzitsidwa kwa alimi omwe sangapatse nyama zawo malo okhala nthawi zonse. M'chilimwe, nkhumba imakutidwa ndi mphete zazing'ono zofewa, ngakhale nkhumba nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zotetemera zolimba zomwe sizimaphimba kwathunthu. M'nyengo yozizira, mphete zaubweya izi zimakula, ndikupanga chovala cholimba, chofewa chomwe sichotsika ndikutchinjiriza kwa ubweya wa nkhosa. Kuchokera patali, ma mangalits amatha kusokonezedwa ndi nkhosa.
Zosangalatsa: Nkhumba zomwe zimayamba kusungidwa monga ziweto zimataya malaya awo pakapita nthawi chifukwa sizikufunikanso. Ubweya wotere umafunika kokha kuteteza mangalitsa ku chisanu ndi tizilombo.
Mangalitsa ali ndi mitundu inayi yoyenera:
- bulauni;
- zoyera;
- chakuda;
- osakaniza.
Nthawi yomweyo, mangalitsy wakuda ndi bulauni adasowa posachedwa, kotero oweta ali otanganidwa kuswana nkhumba zamtundu uwu mwatsopano. Pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya Amangalisi ndi mitundu yosakanikirana, momwe msana, mutu ndi makutu ndi zakuda ndipo mimba ndi miyendo ndizoyera.
Chosangalatsa: Monga nkhumba zakutchire, ana a nkhumba a ku Mangalitsa amabadwa amizeremizere, ndi mtundu wobisala womwe umasintha ndi msinkhu.
Mangalitsy ndi olimba mu malamulo nyama, zomwe, nthawi yomweyo, sizimasiyana pamitundu yayikulu yayikulu yokhudzana ndi mitundu yambiri ya nyama ya nkhumba zoweta. Amuna akuluakulu amatha kulemera kwa makilogalamu mazana atatu, akazi nthawi zambiri amalemera pang'ono. Nkhumba izi zimakhala ndi msana wolimba komanso khosi lalifupi, losasunthika. Makutu ndi atali, akukula kupita kutsogolo, kutseka maso. Mbiriyo ndi yopindika pang'ono, khungu la mphuno limayang'ana mmwamba.
Amakhala kuti mangalitsa?
Chithunzi: Nkhumba mangalitsa
Mangalitsa ndi chiweto chokha. Pakadali pano, zimangoweta m'minda yapadera, pomwe nyama zimanenepa m'njira yoti ipange mafuta ambiri. Ngakhale obereketsa ambiri amatha kugula ana ang'ono a mangalitsa kuti aswane pafamu yaying'ono.
Mangalitsa sakakamira kwenikweni pamndende, ngakhale pali mfundo zingapo zomwe ziyenera kutsutsidwa kuti a Mangalitsa akhale ndi kuthekera kwakukulu. Mwachitsanzo, anthu aku Mangala amafunika malo akulu oti azidyetsa komanso kuyenda. Izi zimachitika makamaka nthawi yachilimwe-nthawi yachilimwe, pomwe nkhumba imadya zitsamba zatsopano.
Akatswiri akunena kuti nkhumba za mtunduwu ziyenera kukhala zoyenda kuti nyama ndi mafuta anyama azimva kukoma kwawo. Chifukwa chake, kuchepetsa mangalitsa ndi mpanda kapena ukonde si njira yabwino kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa: M'nyengo yozizira, nkhumba izi zimatha kutengedwa kuti ziziyenda - zimalolera kuzizira mosavuta.
Komanso, mangalitsy amafunika kutetezedwa ku dzuwa, motero kukhetsedwa kuyenera kukhala pamalo oyenda pomwe nkhumba imatha kupumula. Dziwe laling'ono kapena malo osambiramo matope amathanso kupezeka pamenepo.
M'nyengo yozizira, udzu wambiri uyenera kuikidwa m'khola la mangalitsa - nkhumba zimakondwera kubowolera. Udzu umawatenthetsa, ndipo izi ndizofunikira makamaka usiku wachisanu pomwe kutentha kumatha kutsika mpaka kutsika.
Kodi mangalica amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mangalitsa, kapena nkhumba ya nkhosa
Mangalitsa ndi mtundu wa nkhumba womwe umangoyang'ana kwambiri kukulitsa mafuta, komabe oweta ena angawalere ngati nyama zanyama. Ubwino wa nyama ndi mafuta anyama umakhudzidwa ndi chakudya.
Zakudya zonse za nkhumba zimagawidwa m'magulu awa:
- kukulitsa chidwi, kukulira kulemera kwa thupi, kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta. Zakudyazi zimawonjezera kukoma kwa nyama. Izi zimaphatikizapo ndiwo zamasamba makamaka monga dzungu, zukini, kaloti, beets, komanso kanyumba tchizi, mapira, nandolo, balere ndi masamba ambiri (nettle, clover). Zogulitsa ndi ufa zimaphatikizidwanso kuzakudya zotere;
- mangalitsy ndi mtundu wa gourmets, chifukwa chake chimanga cha tirigu, buckwheat ndi chimanga zimawonjezeredwa pachakudya chawo. Izi zimawonjezera chidwi cha nkhumba, ndichifukwa chake kunenepa kumachulukirachulukira.
Komanso, obereketsa amazindikira kuti mbewu zotsatirazi zimasokoneza mtundu wa nyama: soya, keke, oats. Chifukwa cha izi, mafuta amasanduka achikaso, ndipo nyama imangokhala yopanda pake. Alumali moyo wa nyama yotereyi imachepetsedwanso kwambiri.
Obereketsa samadyetsa mangalitsas ndi zinyalala za chakudya ndi zitsamba zosafunikira kuchokera kumunda (monga nsonga za beet kapena masamba akulu a kabichi). Zimakhudzanso thanzi la mafuta anyama omwe ma mangalisi amadziwika.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Hungarian mangalitsa
Mangalitsa alibe mikhalidwe yapadera yomwe ingawasiyanitse ndi nkhumba zina zoweta. Ndi nyama zoweta zomwe zimamva kukhala omasuka mgulu ndipo sizili mwaukali kwa anthu. Ndi nyama zodekha zomwe zimawonetseranso luntha lomwe limapezeka agalu.
Nkhumba zoweta, mosiyana ndi makolo awo amtchire, zimathera nthawi yawo yochuluka mopanda kanthu. Eni ake a nkhumba zoweta amapanga njira yodyetsera nyamazo, chifukwa chake anthu aku mangowa amangodikirira moleza mtima kuti adyetsenso. Kumtchire, nkhumba zimathera tsiku lonse kufunafuna chakudya, kuchisaka ndi mphamvu ya kununkhiza.
Obereketsa oyenerera amakonza malo amamalangalits pomwe nkhumba zimatha kudyetsa ndikuyenda zokha. Monga lamulo, uku ndikadyera kakang'ono, momwe mumakhala udzu wobiriwira wambiri, mizu ndi zitsamba zazing'ono zomwe mangalitsa amatha kuziphwanya.
Kumtchire, nkhumba zimakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe, monga lamulo, pali mtsogoleri wamwamuna, kuthamangitsa amuna omwe akukula m'gulu. Khalidwe ili lidasungidwa mu nkhumba zoweta pang'ono: ali ndi mtsogoleri, koma amalekerera anyamata ena ndipo samachita nawo mpikisano. Kuphatikiza apo, zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa padera ndi mahatchi otulutsa ubwamuna.
Mwambiri, Amalawi amadziwika ndi munthu wochezeka. Pali umboni woti nkhumba izi ndi zina zambiri zimadziperekanso ku maphunziro, kuphunzira kuchita zanzeru zina ndikucheza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mangalitsa Cub
Popeza anthu aku Mangaliya ndi ziweto zomwe zimasamalidwa bwino, nguruwe zakutchire zimasungidwa padera ndi nkhumba, zomwe zimangobereka zokha. Amayi amafika msinkhu wobereka miyezi isanu ndi inayi, ndipo amuna amafika chaka chimodzi.
Mimba imakhala mpaka masiku 115. Mwambiri, nkhumba zimapanga nkhumba za nkhumba makumi awiri pachaka. Mangalitsa si nkhumba zachonde kwambiri, chifukwa chake, nkhumba zokhazokha zokhazokha, zomwe zimadyetsedwa kale ndi mavitamini, zimasankhidwa kuti ziwoloke.
Pambuyo pobereka, mkaziyo amapyola miyambo yambiri yofunikira, yomwe kudalira kuyamwitsa nkhumba kumatengera. Ayenera kununkhiza anawo, kumva mawu awo, kununkhiza mkaka wake - ndiye kuti mkaka uyamba. Kuphatikiza apo, ana a nkhumba amafunika kulimbikitsa nkhumba mwa njira yapadera yopezera mkaka.
Ana obadwa kumene amadyetsedwa ola lililonse. Pa mkaka wamafuta, amakula mwachangu kwambiri, ndikulemera. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, nkhumba imatha kuyendetsa mkaka pozindikira momwe ana ake a nkhumba alili ndi njala.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nkhumba iliyonse ili ndi mawere ake "omwe", omwe amamwa okha. Ana ake a nkhumba amadziwika ndi fungo lawo.
Pofika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ana a nkhumba a Mangalitsa amakhala atalemera makilogalamu 100, omwe ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi nkhumba za mitundu ina ya nyama.
Adani achilengedwe a mangalitsa
Chithunzi: Kodi mangalitsa amawoneka bwanji
Zomwe mangalitsa amasungidwa sizimaphatikizira kuwonekera kwa adani achilengedwe. Nkhumba izi zimasamaliridwa mokomera anthu, chifukwa chake sizimakhala chakudya cha nyama zolusa. Ngakhale koyambirira kwa mtundu wa Mangalitsa, anthu anali otetezedwa bwino ngati anthu ofunika. Nkhumba zoweta nthawi zambiri zimawombedwa ndi mimbulu kapena ngakhale zimbalangondo zanjala, ana amphaka amatha kuphedwa ndi nkhandwe kapena agalu osochera. Komabe, nkhumba si nyama zopanda thandizo.
Chifukwa cha kulemera kwawo kwakukulu komanso nsagwada zamphamvu, amatha kuthamangitsa wowukira. Amayi achikazi a Mangalitsa, omwe amakhulupirira kuti china chake chikuwopseza ana awo a nkhumba, amatha kuwukira wolakwayo nthawi yomweyo. Mangalitsa amatenga matenda ambiri omwe amakhudza nkhumba zoweta.
Mwa matenda ofala kwambiri, izi ndi zofunika kuziwonetsa:
- mliri - nkhumba nthawi zambiri zimadwala nazo, mitundu yosawerengeka kwambiri ya nkhumba imakonda kugwidwa;
- erysipelas imakonda kupezeka mu nkhumba za mangalitsa, ngakhale kuti imapeza matendawaChosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ku Hungary, osunga ma mangalitsa amalandila maubwino angapo ndi mabhonasi owonjezera kuswana kwa mtunduwo.Gastroenteritis ndi matenda ofala pakati pa mangalitsa. Ana a nkhumba nthawi zambiri samapulumuka matendawa. Ngati wamkulu mangalitsa adadwala matendawa, ndiye kuti adzapatsira ana ake chitetezo chokwanira.
Mangalitsa nthawi zambiri amasungidwa m'manja mwa oweta odziwa bwino ntchito yawo omwe amafufuza pafupipafupi nkhumba za matenda osiyanasiyana. Monga mtundu wa nkhumba zamtengo wapatali, anthu aku Mangochi samadwala makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa eni ake.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Mangalitsa
M'mbuyomu, anthu aku Mangochi anali pachiwopsezo chifukwa chakuchepa kwa nkhumba zamtunduwu. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri, obereketsa adayamika kukoma kwa nyama yankhumba ndi nyama ya mangalitsa, pambuyo pake pulogalamu yobwezeretsa mtunduwo idayamba.
Masiku ano, anthu a mangalitsa ndi okhazikika. Nkhumba izi zimafalikira padziko lonse lapansi makamaka ndi oweta odziwa zambiri, ngakhale kuti pafupifupi aliyense atha kugula nkhumba ya ku Mangalica kuti iwonjezere. Nyama yawo ndiyofunika kwambiri mu bizinesi yodyerako, chifukwa chake mangalitsa amakhalabe amodzi mwamitundu yofunikira kwambiri ya nyama.
Kukula kwakukulu kwambiri pa ziweto za mangalits kumawoneka ku UK ndi France; palinso minda yayikulu yoswana mtunduwu ku Russia ndi Ukraine. Ku Hungary, komwe mangalitsa adabadwira, nkhumbazi zimadziwika kuti ndi chuma chamayiko.
Chosangalatsa: Ku Hungary, obzala ma mangalitsa amalandila maubwino angapo ndi ma bonasi owonjezera oweta.
Chiwerengero cha zitsanzo za mangalitsa ku Russia kokha pafupifupi 15 zikwi. Amatumizidwa kumayiko osiyanasiyana, komwe oweta atsopano amadziwa kuswana kwawo. Mangalitsy, pamodzi ndi nkhumba zina zoweta, amatenga nawo mbali pamipikisano pakati pa mitundu yomwe idapangidwira nyama ndi mafuta anyama. Anthu ena amakonda kubzala mangalitsa osati ngati nyama zanyama, koma monga anzawo.
Mangalitsa - nyama yodabwitsa yochokera ku Hungary. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ndi zachilendo zawo, amafalikira mwachangu padziko lonse lapansi ndikudziwika m'maiko osiyanasiyana.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 12/13/2019
Idasinthidwa: 09.09.2019 pa 21:06
