Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a Oriole
Banja la ku Oriole ndi banja la mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zili zazikulu pang'ono kuposa mbalamezi. Zonse pamodzi, pali mitundu pafupifupi 40 ya mbalameyi, yomwe imaphatikizidwa m'magulu atatu. Oriole mbalame yokongola kwambiri, yowala komanso yachilendo.
Dzina la sayansi mbalame za oriole - Oriolus. Pali matanthauzidwe osachepera awiri ofotokozera za dzinali. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, mawuwa ali ndi mizu yachilatini ndipo asintha, asinthidwa kuchokera ku liwu lofanana loti "aureolus", lomwe limatanthauza "golide". Mwinamwake, dzina ili ndi mbiri ya mapangidwe ake zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mtundu wowala wa mbalameyo.
Mtundu wachiwiriwu watengera kutsanzira nyimbo yachilendo yochitidwa ndi anthu aku Oriole. Dzina la mbalameyi linapangidwa chifukwa cha onomatopia. Dzina lachi Russia - oriole, malinga ndi asayansi, adapangidwa kuchokera m'mawu oti "vologa" ndi "chinyezi". M'masiku akale, anthu a ku Oriole ankatengedwa ngati chizindikiro chochenjeza kuti mvula ikubwera posachedwa.
Thupi la Oriole limakhala pafupifupi masentimita 25 ndipo lili ndi mapiko otalika masentimita 45. Kulemera kwa thupi la mbalame kumadalira mitunduyo, koma ili pakati pa 50-90 magalamu. Thupi la mbalameyi ndilolitali pang'ono, matupi ake sangatchedwe otsika.
Maganizo azakugonana amachokera mu mawonekedwe a oriole. Yamphongo ndi yowala kwambiri ndipo imasiyana ndi mbalame zina zambiri. Mtundu wa thupi lake ndi wachikaso chowala, chagolide, koma mapiko ndi mchira wake wakuda. M'mphepete mwa mchira ndi mapiko, timadontho tating'ono tachikasu timawoneka - madontho. Kuchokera pakamwa kufika pamaso, pali "zingwe" - kansalu kakang'ono kakuda, komwe m'ma subspecies ena amatha kupitilira maso.
Mkazi ndiwonso wonyezimira, komabe nthenga zake ndizosiyana ndi zamphongo. Pamwamba pa oriole yachikazi ndimtundu wachikasu, koma pansi pake pamayera ndi utoto wakutali wa utoto wakuda. Mapikowo ndi obiriwira. Mtundu wa mbalame zazing'ono umafanana kwambiri ndi wamkazi, koma pansi pake pamakhala mdima.
Monga taonera, nthenga za oriole wowala, ngakhale ali ndi kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi komanso msinkhu, ndizosatheka kusokoneza mbalameyi ndi ena. Ngakhale kupitirira chithunzi cha Oriole imawoneka yokongola kwambiri komanso yowala, chifukwa nthenga zotere sizingadziwike.
Mlomo wa amuna ndi akazi uli ndi mawonekedwe apadera, ndi olimba komanso aatali. Mlomo ndi utoto wofiirira. Kuuluka kwa mbalameyi kulinso ndi mawonekedwe ake, ndiyachangu komanso mopepuka.
Kuthamanga kwapakati kumakhala ndi zisonyezo za 40-45 km pa ola, koma nthawi zina mbalameyo imatha kuthamanga liwiro la 70 km pa ola limodzi. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, ziyenera kudziwika kuti mbalame sizimawulukira poyera, zimakonda kubisala pamtengo wamtengo.
Anthu a ku Oriole ali ndi mawu apadera ndipo amatha kuimba m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina mbalame imatha kutulutsa kulira kosungulumwa, kowongoka komanso kopanda nyimbo. Nthawi zina mawu aku oriole amafanana ndi kulira kwa chitoliro ndikumveka mluzu oriole amayimba china chonga: "fiu-liu-li". Nthawi zina, kumveka kofanana kwambiri ndi kuzemba kulipo, ndipo ma oriole amathanso kuwapangitsa mwadzidzidzi.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo waku Oriole
Oriole amakhala nyengo yotentha ya kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Oriole amapanga zisa zake ku Europe ndi Asia, mpaka ku Yenisei. Koma m'nyengo yozizira, imakonda kusamuka, kugonjetsa mitunda yayitali, aku Oriole amapita kumadera otentha a Asia ndi Africa, kumwera kwa Chipululu cha Sahara.
Kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino, anthu a ku Oriole amasankha nkhalango zokhala ndi mitengo yayitali; amakhalanso ndi mitengo ya birch, willow ndi poplar. Madera ouma siabwino kwenikweni ku Oriole, koma apa amapezeka m'mitengo ya mitsinje, ndipamene mbalame imamva bwino ndipo isadandaule za moyo wake. Nthawi zina ma oriole amathanso kupezeka m'nkhalango za paini zaudzu.
Ngakhale kuti ili ndi nthenga zowala komanso zowoneka bwino kwambiri, mbalamezo ndizovuta kuziona kuthengo. Monga lamulo, oriole amabisala pamutu wa mitengo yayitali, motero mbalame imathera nthawi yake yambiri.
Koma oriole sakonda nkhalango zakuda komanso zowirira. Nthawi zina mumatha kuona mbalame iyi pafupi ndi nyumba ya munthu, mwachitsanzo, m'munda, kapena paki yamthunzi, kapena m'lamba la nkhalango, lomwe nthawi zambiri limayenda miseu.
Kwa oriole, kupezeka kwa madzi pafupi ndi malo ake ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa, makamaka amuna, samadandaula posambira. Mwa izi, amakumbutsa zina za akameza, akagwa pamwamba pamadzi kuti alowe. Ntchitoyi imasangalatsa mbalame kwambiri.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo ku Oriole
Nyengo yakumvana kwa Oriole imagwa mchaka, nthawi zambiri mu Meyi, amuna amabwera, kutsatiridwa ndi akazi. Pakadali pano, yamphongo imakhala yamphamvu, yowonetsa komanso yosazolowereka. Amakopa mkaziyo ndipo amamusamalira, akuyesera kuti adziwonetse yekha kuchokera kumbali yopindulitsa kwambiri. Yaimuna imawuluka, imazungulira wosankhidwa wake, imadumpha kuchokera panthambi kupita kunthambi, imathamangitsa akazi.
Amayimba mwakhama ndikuyimba mwanjira iliyonse, amawombera mapiko ake, kutambasula mchira wake, kuchita zopindika zosaganizirika mlengalenga, ngati ma aerobatics. Amuna angapo amatha kumenyera chidwi chachikazi, chibwenzi choterechi chimakhala ndewu zenizeni, chifukwa champhongo chilichonse chimateteza gawo lawo ndikukwaniritsa chidwi chachikazi. Mkazi akabwezera, amaliza mluzu ndi kugwedeza mchira wake.
Awiriwo apanga, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kusamalira pomanga chisa mtsogolo. ana a oriole... Chisa chalukidwa ngati dengu lopachikidwa lokhala ndi mbali zowulungika. Pachifukwachi, mapesi a udzu, makungwa a birch ndi zingwe zamagulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mkati mwamkati mwa chisa mwagona bwino, ubweya wa nyama, masamba owuma komanso ziphuphu.
Ntchito ya awiriawiri imagawika ndipo aliyense ali ndi udindo wake, wamwamuna amapeza zomangira, ndipo wamkazi ayenera kusamalira zomangamanga. Mkazi amasamala kwambiri za chisa, popeza nthawi zambiri chimayikidwa pamwamba pamtengo ndipo ngakhale mphepo yamphamvu kwambiri siyiyenera kuchotsa chisa.
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira 4, koma pamatha kukhala 3 ndi 5. Mazirawo amakhala amtundu wofiirira woyera kapena pinki yoyera, pomwe pamtunda nthawi zina pamakhala mabala ofiira ofiira. Mbewuyo imamangiriridwa ndi yaikazi, ndipo yamphongo imamusamalira bwino, nthawi zina imatha kutenga malo achikazi kwakanthawi kochepa. Izi zimatenga pafupifupi masiku 15 mpaka anapiye kuwonekera.
Ana amabadwa akhungu ndipo amangokhala okutira pang'ono ndi chikasu. Tsopano makolo amasamalira thanzi la anapiye, chifukwa cha izi amawabweretsera mbozi, ndipo patapita nthawi amabweretsera zipatso mu zakudya. Makolo amatha kudyetsa pafupifupi mazana awiri patsiku. Makolo amapita kuchisa ndi nyama zawo mpaka nthawi 15 pa ola, iyi ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri. Pafupifupi masiku 17 atabadwa, anapiyewo amatha kale kuuluka okha ndi kupeza chakudya chawo.
Chakudya cha ku Oriole
Chakudya cha ku Oriole tichipeza zigawo zonse za mbewu ndi zigawo za nyama. Zakudyazo zimakhala ndi mbozi, agulugufe, agulugufe, udzudzu, nsikidzi, kafadala, ndi mitundu ina ya akangaude. Zakudya zoterezi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa mbalame, makamaka nthawi yakumasirana.
Zakudya zopangidwa kuchokera kubzala zimathandizanso kwambiri pazakudya zaku oriole. Mbalame zimakonda kudya zipatso zamatcheri, mphesa, ma currants, chitumbuwa cha mbalame, mapeyala, nkhuyu. Kudyetsa mbalame kumachitika makamaka m'mawa, nthawi zina chowonadi chimatha kufikira nthawi yamasana, koma osakwana maola 15.
