Chida chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi envelopu. Zimaphatikizapo lithosphere ndi mlengalenga, hydrosphere ndi biosphere, zomwe zimagwirizana. Chifukwa cha ichi, pali kufalikira kwachangu kwa mphamvu ndi zinthu m'chilengedwe. Chigoba chilichonse - gasi, mchere, amoyo ndi madzi - chili ndi malamulo ake otukula ndi kukhalapo.
Mitundu yayikulu ya envelopu:
- kugawa malo;
- kukhulupirika ndi kulumikizana kwa zigawo zonse za chipolopolo cha dziko lapansi;
- mungoli - kubwereza zochitika zachilengedwe za tsiku ndi tsiku komanso zapachaka.
Kutalika kwa dziko lapansi
Gawo lolimba la dziko lapansi, lokhala ndi miyala, zigawo zazitali ndi mchere, ndi chimodzi mwazigawo za chipolopolo. Zolembazo zikuphatikizapo zinthu zoposa makumi asanu ndi anayi, zomwe zimagawidwa mosagwirizana padziko lonse lapansi. Iron, magnesium, calcium, aluminium, oxygen, sodium, potaziyamu ndi miyala yambiri yamtundu wa lithosphere. Amapangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana: motenthedwa ndi kutentha komanso kukakamizidwa, panthawi yomwe zinthu zakuthambo zimapangidwanso komanso zochitika zofunika kwambiri m'thupi, pakulimba kwa dziko lapansi komanso m'mene matope amagwera m'madzi. Pali mitundu iwiri ya kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi - nyanja yam'madzi ndi kontinenti, zomwe zimasiyana mosiyana ndi miyala komanso kutentha.
Chikhalidwe
Mlengalenga ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri mu emvulopu yadziko. Zimakhudza nyengo ndi nyengo, hydrosphere, dziko la zomera ndi zinyama. Mlengalenga umagawidwanso m'magawo angapo, ndipo troposphere ndi stratosphere ndi gawo la envelopu yadziko. Magawo amenewa amakhala ndi mpweya, womwe umafunika pamagulu azinthu zosiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Kuphatikizanso apo, mlengalenga mumatchinjiriza dziko lapansi ku kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Hydrosphere
Hydrosphere ndi madzi padziko lapansi, omwe amakhala ndimadzi apansi panthaka, mitsinje, nyanja, nyanja ndi nyanja. Zambiri zamadzi zapadziko lapansi zimakhazikika m'nyanja, ndipo zina zonse zili m'maiko. Hydrosphere imaphatikizaponso nthunzi yamadzi ndi mitambo. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi oundana, chipale chofewa ndi ayezi ndi gawo limodzi la hydrosphere.
Biosphere ndi Anthroposphere
Biosphere ndi chigoba chochuluka padziko lapansi, chomwe chimaphatikizapo dziko la zinyama ndi zinyama, hydrosphere, mlengalenga ndi lithosphere, zomwe zimagwirizana. Kusintha kwa chimodzi mwazigawo zachilengedwe kumabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu pachilengedwe chonse padziko lapansi. The anthroposphere, gawo lomwe anthu ndi chilengedwe chimagwirizanirana, amathanso kutchulidwa kuti ndi dziko lapansi.
