Amanena kuti kavalo wa Przewalski sangayendetsedwe mozungulira, chifukwa sichitha kuchita maphunziro. Kuphatikiza apo, akavalo amtchirewa nthawi zonse amatuluka pankhondo ndi mahatchi oweta.
Kufotokozera za kavalo wa Przewalski
Paleogenetics amakhulupirira kuti kavalo wa Przewalski siwotchire, koma mbadwa chabe ya akavalo aku Botay... Tiyeni tikukumbutseni kuti kunali m'mudzi wa Botay (Northern Kazakhstan) pomwe ma steppe mares adalumikizidwa koyamba zaka 5.5 zikwi zapitazo. Nyama yokhala ndi ziboliboli ili ndi dzina la Chingerezi "Przewalski`s wild horse" ndi dzina lachilatini "Equus ferus przewalskii", yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi womaliza womasulira mahatchi aulere, pafupifupi adasowa konse padziko lapansi.
Mitunduyi idawonekera pagulu la anthu ambiri mu 1879 chifukwa cha katswiri wazachilengedwe waku Russia, geographer komanso woyenda Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky, yemwe adamutcha dzina lake.
Maonekedwe
Ndi kavalo wamba wokhala ndi malamulo olimba komanso miyendo yolimba. Ali ndi mutu wolemera, atakhala pakhosi lakuda ndipo ali ndi makutu apakatikati. Mapeto a mphuno (wotchedwa "ufa" ndipo nthawi zambiri "mole" mphuno) ndi wopepuka kuposa momwe zimakhalira m'thupi. Mtundu wa savrasai ndi thupi lamchenga lachikasu lothandizidwa ndi miyendo yakuda (pansi pa hock), mchira ndi mane. Lamba wakuda bulauni amayenda kumbuyo kuchokera kumchira kukafota.
Zofunika! Mfupi ndi kotuluka ngati mohawk, mane alibe mapokoso. Kusiyananso kwachiwiri ndi kavalo woweta ndi mchira wofupikitsidwa, pomwe tsitsi lalitali limayamba kwambiri pansi pake.
Thupi nthawi zambiri limakwanira sikweya imodzi. Hatchi ya Przewalski imakula mpaka 1.2-1.5 m pakufota ndi 2.2-2.8 m m'litali ndi kulemera kwa 200-300 kg. M'chilimwe, chovalacho chimawala kwambiri kuposa nthawi yachisanu, koma malaya am'nyengo yozizira amapangidwa ndi mkanjo wamkati ndipo ndi wautali kwambiri kuposa wam'chilimwe.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
“Hatchi yakutchire imakhala m'chipululu chosalala, ikuthirira komanso kudyetsa usiku. Masana, amabwerera kuchipululu, komwe amapumula mpaka kulowa kwa dzuwa, ”- umu ndi m'mene wolemba waku Russia a Vladimir Efimovich Grum-Grzhimailo adalemba za zolengedwa zaulelezi, zomwe zidakumana nawo m'chipululu cha Dzungarian kumapeto kwa zaka zapitazo zisanachitike. Pafupifupi zambiri zinali kudziwika za moyo wa mitunduyo mpaka itatsala pang'ono kutheratu. Mofananamo ndi kubwezeretsa kwa anthu, adayamba kuphunzira kayendedwe ka moyo ndi machitidwe a kavalo wa Przewalski, podziwa kuti masana amadutsa pantchito ndikupuma kangapo.
Akavalo amapanga magulu oyenda omwe amakhala ndi amuna akulu akulu ndi khumi ndi awiri okhala ndi ana... Ng'ombe zazing'onozi ndizoyenda kwambiri ndipo zimakakamizidwa kusuntha, osakhala nthawi yayitali pamalo amodzi, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi msipu womwe ukukula mofanana. Dzungarian Plain, komwe omalizira (asanabwezeretsenso) akavalo a Przewalski amakhala, amakhala ndi malo otsetsereka a mapiri / mapiri, omwe amadulidwa ndi zigwa zambiri.
Ku Dzungaria, kuli zipululu zamchere zamchere zamchere ndi zidutswa za udzu wa nthenga zosakanikirana ndi nkhalango za tamarisk ndi saxaul. Kukhala mumawuni owuma komanso owoneka bwino mdziko lonse lapansi kumathandizidwa kwambiri ndi akasupe, omwe nthawi zambiri amapita pansi pa zitunda.
Ndizosangalatsa! Akavalo amtchire safuna kusamuka kwakanthawi - chinyezi chofunikira ndi chakudya nthawi zonse zimakhala pafupi. Kusunthira kwakanthawi kwa ziweto molunjika nthawi zambiri sikudutsa 150-200 km.
Mahatchi akale, osatha kuphimba azimayi, amakhala ndi chakudya chokha.
Kodi mahatchi a Przewalski amakhala motalika bwanji
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zinyama apeza kuti zaka zamoyozi zikuyandikira zaka 25.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
"The Ridge Yellow of Horse Horse" (Takhiin-Shara-Nuru) ndi malo obadwira kavalo wa Przewalski, omwe anthu amderalo ankadziwa kuti "takhi". Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale adathandizira kuti afotokozere bwino madera oyambilira, omwe adatsimikizira kuti sichinali ku Central Asia kokha, komwe mitunduyo inali yotseguka ku sayansi. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kavalo wa Przewalski adawoneka kumapeto kwa Pleistocene. Kum'mawa, malowa adafalikira mpaka kunyanja ya Pacific, kumadzulo - kupita ku Volga, kumpoto, malire adatha pakati pa 50-55 ° N, kumwera - m'munsi mwa mapiri ataliatali.
Akavalo amtchire ankakonda kukhala m'zigwa zotsika kuposa 2 km pamwamba pa nyanja kapena madera owuma... Akavalo a Przewalski adapirira modekha m'chipululu cha Dzungarian chifukwa cha akasupe angapo amchere pang'ono komanso abwino ozunguliridwa ndi ma oases. M'madera am'chipululuwa, nyama sizinangopeza chakudya ndi madzi, komanso malo okhalamo ambiri.
Zakudya za kavalo wa Przewalski
Ng'ombe yamphongo yodziwa bwino imatsogoza ziweto kumalo odyetserako ziweto, ndipo mtsogoleri amatenga gawo lomaliza. Kale pa msipu, alonda awiri atsimikizika, omwe amateteza anzawo mwamtendere. Akavalo omwe amakhala m'chigwa cha Dzungar adadya mbewu, zitsamba zazing'ono, ndi zitsamba, kuphatikizapo:
- nthenga udzu;
- kupulumutsa;
- msipu;
- ndodo;
- chowawa ndi chiy;
- anyezi wamtchire;
- Karagan ndi saxaul.
Pofika nyengo yozizira, nyama zizolowera kupeza chakudya kuchokera pansi pa chipale chofewa, ndikuzikhadzula ndi ziboda zakutsogolo.
Zofunika! Njala imayamba madzi asungunuka m'malo mwa chisanu ndipo slurry imasanduka chipale chofewa. Ziboda zimaterera, ndipo akavalo amalephera kubowola kuti azitha kufika pazomera.
Mwa njira, akavalo amakono a Przewalski, owetedwa m'malo osungira padziko lonse lapansi, adasinthidwa bwino ndi tanthauzo la zomera zakomweko.
Kubereka ndi ana
Hatchi ya Przewalski (monga oyimira banja lawo) amakula msinkhu wazaka ziwiri, koma mahatchi amayamba kubereka mwachangu pambuyo pake - pafupifupi zaka zisanu. Kusaka kumachitika nthawi yofanana ndi nyengo inayake: mares amakhala okonzekera kuswana kuyambira Epulo mpaka Ogasiti. Kubala kumatenga miyezi 11-11.5, ndi mbidzi imodzi yokha mu zinyalala. Amabadwa mchaka ndi chilimwe, pomwe pali chakudya chochuluka kale.
Milungu ingapo atabereka, mahatchi amakhala okonzeka kuphatananso, kotero amatha kukhala ndi ana chaka chilichonse... Pamapeto pa kubereka, mayi amachotsa zotsalira za amniotic fluid ndi lilime komanso milomo ndipo mbidziyo imauma msanga. Pakadutsa mphindi zochepa ndipo mwana wake amayesetsa kuti ayimirire, ndipo patadutsa maola ochepa amatha kuyamba limodzi ndi mayiyo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ng'ombe zamasabata awiri zakubadwa zimayesa kutafuna udzu, koma zimakhalabe ndi mkaka kwa miyezi ingapo, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamasamba tsiku lililonse.
Ma stallion achichepere, omwe ali ndi zaka 1.5-2.5, amathamangitsidwa m'magulu am'banja kapena amachoka pawokha, ndikupanga kampani ya ma bachelors.
Adani achilengedwe
Kuthengo, akavalo a Przewalski amawopsezedwa ndi mimbulu, ma cougars omwe, komabe, anthu athanzi amalimbana popanda zovuta. Olusa amachita ndi nyama zazing'ono, zakale komanso zofooka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Pakati pa zaka zapitazo, akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo anazindikira kuti kavalo wa Przewalski akusowa, ndipo kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 70s. palibe m'modzi mwa omwe amaimira omwe adatsalira. Zowona, m'malo angapo odyetserako ana padziko lapansi, zitsanzo 20 zoyenera kubereka zatsalabe. Mu 1959, Msonkhano woyamba wapadziko lonse lapansi pa Conservation of Przewalski Horse (Prague) unasonkhanitsidwa, pomwe njira yopulumutsira mitunduyo idapangidwa.
Izi zidachita bwino ndipo zidapangitsa kuti anthu achuluke: mu 1972 adalipo 200, ndipo mu 1985 - anali kale 680. Mu 1985 yomweyo, adayamba kufunafuna malo obwezera mahatchi a Przewalski kuthengo. Anthu okonda ntchitoyi adagwira ntchito zambiri mahatchi oyamba ochokera ku Holland ndi Soviet Union asanafike m'chigawo cha Khustain-Nuru (Mongolia).
Ndizosangalatsa! Zinachitika mu 1992, ndipo tsopano m'badwo wachitatu ukukula kumeneko ndipo pali mitundu itatu ya mahatchi yotulutsidwa kuthengo.
Lero, kuchuluka kwa akavalo a Przewalski akukhala mwachilengedwe kukuyandikira 300... Poganizira nyama zomwe zimakhala m'malo osungira nyama ndi mapaki, chiwerengerocho chikuwoneka chodalirika - pafupifupi anthu 2 zikwi. Ndipo akavalo onse achilendowa adachokera kuzinyama 11 zokha zomwe zidagwidwa koyambirira kwa zaka zapitazi ku Dzungarian Plain ndi ng'ombe imodzi yovomerezeka.
Mu 1899-1903 maulendo oyamba kuti akagwire akavalo a Przewalski anali ndi wamalonda waku Russia komanso wopereka mphatso zachifundo Nikolai Ivanovich Assanov. Chifukwa cha kudzimana kwake kumapeto kwa zaka za 19th ndi 20th, malo angapo aku America ndi ku Europe (kuphatikiza Askania-Nova) adadzazidwa ndi ana 55 omwe adagwidwa. Koma ndi 11 okha mwa iwo omwe pambuyo pake adabereka ana. Pambuyo pake, mahatchi obwera ku Askania-Nova (Ukraine) ochokera ku Mongolia adalumikizidwa ndi kuberekaku. Pakadali pano, kubwezeretsanso mitundu yomwe ili m'gulu la IUCN Red List yomwe ili ndi chizindikiro choti "zachilengedwe zatha" ikupitilizabe.
