Chihungary mangalica Ndi mitundu yachilendo ya nkhumba yomwe imakonda kwambiri oweta nkhumba. Ali ndi mwayi waukulu kuposa mitundu ina m'njira yosadzichepetsa yosunga mikhalidwe ndi zakudya, komanso kuthamanga msanga. Oimira amtunduwu amalumikizana ndi eni ake. Kunja, amafanana ndi ana ankhosa chifukwa cha ubweya wakuda. Ndi chikhalidwe chawo, amafanizidwa ndi agalu, chifukwa alidi anzeru.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Hungarian mangalitsa
Mangalica ya ku Hungary imadziwika ndi oweta nkhumba ngati ziweto kwazaka zambiri. Mtunduwo udatchulidwa koyamba mu 1833, pomwe woweta ku Hungary a Josef adayamba kuwoloka nkhumba zoweta. Zotsatirazo zinali ana osangalatsa kwambiri komanso oyenera kuswana kunyumba, zomwe zidatulutsa mtundu watsopano wa nkhumba zoweta - Hungary mangalitsa.
Ndiwo mtundu uwu womwe umadziwika ndi kudzichepetsa kwawo mndende, amatha kudya msipu, monga makolo awo amtchire, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amapatsa nyama yokoma komanso yowutsa mudyo. Ubwino wina wofunikira womwe nkhumba zidasiyanitsidwa ndi kuthekera kopirira nyengo yozizira komanso chisanu chozama panja.
Kanema: Mangalica waku Hungary
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti wofalitsa anali membala wa banja lolemekezeka ndipo anali ndi dzina la Archduke. Nyumba za amonke zina zidachita chidwi ndi zomwe adachita. Pambuyo pobzala nkhumbazi, kuswana kwa ng'ombe m'nyumba zam'monke kunayamba kutchuka komanso kuchita bwino. Popanda kuyesayesa kwenikweni kuti aswane, nyamazo zinapereka nyama yokoma ndi mafuta anyama, zomwe zinatchuka kwambiri pakati pa ophika odziwika nthawi imeneyo.
Cha m'ma 1900, alimi aku Romania ndi Ukraine adachita chidwi ndi nyama za nyamazi. Mofulumira kwambiri, mtundu uwu wa nkhumba udayamba kuwetedwa m'maiko awa. Munthawi imeneyi, ziweto zidakwera kufika pafupifupi 35,000. Alimi adazidyetsa m'malo okwera, zigwa ndi minda.
Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, nkhumba zidatsala pang'ono kutha. Zonsezi, palibe zoposa 800 zomwe zatsala. Izi zidachitika chifukwa nkhumba izi zinali za greasy, ndipo panthawiyo aliyense amayesera kubereketsa nyama za ziweto. Komabe, dziko la Hungary nthawi yomweyo linayamba kupulumutsa nkhumba zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha.
Pachifukwa ichi, bungwe lapadera lachitetezo cha kubereketsa nkhumba zachikhalidwe lidapangidwa. Izi zidathandizidwa ndi oweta nkhumba ochokera kumayiko ena. Pamodzi, anthu aku Hungary mangalitsa adakulitsidwa mpaka anthu 8,500.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi mangalica waku Hungary amawoneka bwanji
Oimira amtunduwu ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo komanso osangalatsa kwambiri. Sangathe kusokonezedwa ndi mtundu wina uliwonse. Koyamba, sizingatheke kumvetsetsa kuti tikukumana ndi nkhumba. Thupi lonse la nyama limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda komanso lopindika. M'nyengo yozizira, pamakhala mkanjo wobiriwira womwe umapangitsa kuti nyama zizivutika kupirira nyengo yozizira komanso kuzizira.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti... Obereketsa apeza kuti ngati oimira mtunduwu amasungidwa m'khola lofunda, louma, ubweya wakuda ungangokhala wosafunikira.
Zotheka pamitundu ya Hungary mangalica:
- zoyera;
- wakuda;
- wachikasu;
- ofiira ofiira;
- osakaniza.
Mitundu yakuda ndi bulauni-bulauni sichipezeka. Pankhaniyi, pakadali pano, obereketsa akuyesetsa kwambiri kuti achulukitse anthuwa. Mitundu yamitundu imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera zaka, nyengo ndi nyengo, komanso mtundu wa chakudya ndi mtundu wa nthaka yomwe nyama imasungidwa.
Chinthu china chosiyanitsa ndi oimira mtunduwu ndi makutu omwe amapita patsogolo komanso kupezeka kwa malo akuda a Wellman pamunsi pake. Kukula kwa malowa kumafika 1.5-3 masentimita.
Mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a mangalits:
- thupi lolimba, lokulirapo;
- mafupa amphamvu, amphamvu kwambiri;
- mimba yopusa;
- manyazi apakatikati okhala ndi chigamba chokwera pang'ono, chokwera mmwamba;
- makutu apakati, okutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda;
- mzere wolunjika kumbuyo;
- maso owoneka ndi nsidze zakuda zazitali;
- mchira wokulitsa, kumapeto kwake ndi ngayaye yaubweya;
- mu nkhumba zoyera, osatengera mtundu wa malayawo, chigamba chake chimakhala chakuda nthawi zonse.
Kodi mangalica waku Hungary amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Hungary downy mangalica
Mwachilengedwe, mangalica wa ku Hungary sapezeka m'chilengedwe. Izi ndizokhaokha zoweta nkhumba. Kusunga ndi kuswana kunyumba, zofunikira zochepa ndizofunikira. Sakusowa malo okhetsedwa kapena ofunda. Chifukwa cha ubweya wandiweyani wokhala ndi chovala chamkati, nyamazo zimalekerera kuzizira komanso chisanu bwino.
Zofunikira pakuweta nyama:
- danga laulere. Chofunikira ndikupezeka kwa danga lalikulu laulere. Mwachidziwitso, onetsetsani kuti nkhumba zikuyenda m'minda, madambo, zigwa. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndibwino kuti mpanda wa aviary ukhale ndi ukonde womwe amatha kuyendapo;
- udzu wambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimakonda kudzikwirira okha mu udzu. Momwemo, muyenera kusamalira kupezeka kwa nkhumba limodzi ndi cholembera chotseguka;
- madzi ambiri oyera. Mangalica wa ku Hungary ndi waudongo kwambiri komanso waukhondo, motero amafunika madzi osamba. M'nyengo yotentha yotentha, amafunika kuti azitsitsimula m'madzi.
Mukasungidwa m'makola otseguka kapena m'makola, payenera kukhala denga lomwe mumatha kubisala padzuwa lotentha nthawi yotentha. Ngati izi zanyalanyazidwa, chiweto chitha kudwala kwambiri. Chovala chakuda chimapangitsa nkhumba kupirira mosavuta chisanu ndi kuzizira, komabe, dzuwa lotentha ndi kutentha kumatha kuyambitsa kutentha.
Kodi mangalica wa ku Hungary amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nkhumba Hungarian Mangalica
Chimodzi mwamaubwino akulu amtunduwu ndikusowa zakudya. Kudyetsa nkhumba sikungakhale kovuta, chifukwa zimapepuka kunenepa kuchokera kumalo odyetserako ziweto osavuta. Udzu, mitundu yazomera zakutchire, mizu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya.
Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya:
- masamba atsopano ndi zitsamba: mbatata, rutabagas, beets, zukini, ndi zina.
- dzinthu ndi chimanga. Anthu aku Mangala amakonda kwambiri chimanga, komanso phala la chimanga;
- chinangwa, bagasse;
- zinyalala chakudya;
- zipatso, maapulo, mapeyala;
- mphukira, mizu ndi magawo obiriwira amitundu yambiri yazomera, makamaka zakutchire - thundu, nettle, chestnut, ndi zina zambiri;
- Zakudya zopangidwa ndi mavitamini ndi youma zopangira nkhumba.
Chakudya chokoma kwambiri cha nyama ndi ziphuphu za chimanga. Mitengo ya udzu imadyedwa ndi chisangalalo. Pakudya msipu, amatha kudya achule, nkhono, abuluzi ang'onoang'ono, nyongolotsi. Chofunikira pakubzala nkhumba ndikupezeka kwa madzi akumwa ochuluka mwa omwa.
M'nyengo yotentha, m'maiko ambiri momwe ma mangalits achi Hungary amapangidwira, amangowapititsa kukadya msipu, komwe amakasangalala ndi udzu pafupifupi tsiku lonse. Nyama zimapeza kulemera kwa thupi makamaka ngati chakudya chawo chimakhala chosiyanasiyana, choyenera, chopatsa mavitamini ndi michere. Monga chowonjezera chakudya, m'pofunika nthawi ndi nthawi kusakaniza choko kapena dongo lofiira muzakudya zochepa.
Ana a nkhumba obadwa kumene sayenera kudya chakudya chomwe akuluakulu amadya. Kupanda kutero, amatha kukhala olema, osagwira ntchito, atha kukhumudwa ndim'mimba, ndipo amatha kufa. Ana a nkhumba, omwe ali ndi masiku 10-14, amatha kuyamba kudya balere wokazinga limodzi ndi choko ndi chakudya cha mafupa, komanso phala la barele.
Ali ndi mwezi umodzi, chakudya chamagulu chimayambitsidwa mu chakudyacho, ndipo atakwanitsa mwezi umodzi ndi theka, amasiya kuyamwa kuchokera kwa mayi ndipo pang'onopang'ono amakulitsa zakudya. Amakhulupirira kuti kuyambira ali ndi miyezi inayi, ana a nkhumba amatha kale kusamutsidwa kuti adye wamkulu popanda zoletsa kapena zoletsa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Boar of the Hungarian mangalica
Mwachilengedwe, anthu aku Hungary omwe amakhala ku Hungary amakhala odekha. Ndiwanzeru kwambiri komanso ndiwofulumira, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amafanizidwa ndi agalu. Nkhumba zimakonda mbuye wawo. Amakonda malo ndi ufulu. Kusunga nkhumba kunyumba, ndikofunikira kuwapatsa cholembera chachikulu, kapena ngati zingatheke kuti muzingowasula kuti azidya msipu kapena kudambo.
Nkhumba za mtunduwu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi ukhondo wawo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti azitha kupeza madzi oyera. Onetsetsani kuti cholembera chikhale choyera ndikusintha zinyalala pafupipafupi. Mangalitsa a ku Hungary amalekerera kuzizira mosavuta chifukwa cha ubweya wake wofewa. Komabe, m'nyengo yozizira amafunikira udzu wambiri, womwe nkhumba zimakonda kudzikwirira.
Zosiyanitsa za mtunduwu zimawoneka kuti ndizodzikongoletsa pakukonzekera ndi zakudya. Nyama mwachilengedwe zimapatsidwa chitetezo chokhazikika, cholimba. Sakhala ndi matenda, koma amafunika katemera wa panthawi yake.
M'chilimwe, zimakhala zovuta kuti nyama zizitha kupirira kutentha ndi kutentha, chifukwa chake zimafunikira denga kuti zithawe padzuwa lotentha ndikupanga mthunzi. Mangalica wa ku Hungary samangokhala ndi matenda okha, komanso amatha kusintha msanga mndende komanso kusintha nyengo.
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungasungire Hungarian mangalica. Tiyeni tiwone momwe angawalere moyenera.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Hungary Mangalica Cub
Akuluakulu amatha msinkhu wogonana pafupifupi miyezi 8-9. Nthawi zambiri, kubadwa koyamba kwa ana a nkhumba sikungakhale kochuluka. Mwambiri, obereketsa amtunduwu amadziwa kuti si zachilendo kuti nkhumba za mtundu uwu zikhale ndi nkhumba zambiri. Ntchito nthawi zambiri imakhala yosavuta, yopanda zovuta. Ana aanguluwe samwalira kawirikawiri. Palibe njira zapadera zokonzera ndikudula umbilical zofunika.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti... Pafupifupi, nkhumba imodzi imabereka ana a nkhuku 5-6. Ngati ana asanu ndi atatu kapena kupitilira apo amabadwa, ichi ndi chisonyezo choti nkhumba sizikhala zokhazokha.
Wachiwiri ndi wotsatira ana nthawi zambiri amakhala ochulukirapo. Makhalidwe oyipa amtunduwu amawonedwa kuti ndi ochepa mkaka wopanga nkhumba komanso kubala pang'ono.
Ana ang'onoang'ono obadwa kumene amabadwa mizeremizere kunja, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ofanana ndi nkhumba zoweta. Alimi ambiri amapatsa ana awo akhanda zipolopolo kuti ateteze kuchepa kwa magazi.
Pakubadwa ana a nkhumba, nthawi yoyamba ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti azisunga zakudya. Pa tsiku la 5-6, mutha kuyamba pang'onopang'ono kuyambitsa zakudya zowonjezera - balere wokazinga ndi malo ochezera amadzi. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kuthyola mano a ana a nkhumba popewa kuvulaza mayi nthawi yakudya. Kuyambira sabata lachitatu, lachinayi, amadya okha masamba, ziphuphu za chimanga.
Pakutha pa mwezi woyamba, ziweto zimatha kuyamwa kuyamwa kuchokera kwa amayi awo. Pamsinkhu uwu, amatha kugulitsidwa, chifukwa amatha kudya chakudya chomwe amadya akuluakulu. Nthawi yayitali ya anthu omwe sanaphedwe ndi pafupifupi zaka 20-23.
Adani achilengedwe a mangalica wachi Hungary
Chithunzi: Kodi mangalica waku Hungary amawoneka bwanji
Chifukwa chakuti nkhumba za mtundu wa mangalitsa wa ku Hungary zimakhala zokha kunyumba, zilibe adani achilengedwe. Chifukwa chakuti nkhumba zidakwezedwa kwambiri kuti zitha kupeza nyama yankhumba kapena nyama yankhumba, munthawi ya nkhondo kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 40s ndi ma 50 oyambilira, ziwerengero zawo zidatsika mpaka manambala ochepa.
Oimira mtunduwu amadziwika ndi chitetezo chokwanira komanso thanzi labwino. Komabe, akatswiri a zinyama ndi owona za zinyama amachenjeza za kufunika kwa katemera wa panthawi yake. Kupanda kutero, pamakhala mwayi waukulu wopeza matenda a nyama omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana.
Matenda omwe atha kupezeka ku Hungary mangalica
- mphere;
- ndere;
- nkhanambo;
- nthata za khutu ndi ixoid.
Chinthu china chofunikira ndikutsuka kwakanthawi kwa khola la nkhumba komanso kufunika kopeza madzi oyera. Kusakhala kwa izi kungayambitse matenda. Kutentha kwambiri nthawi yotentha kumatha kuyambitsa ulesi, kusowa njala, komanso kufa kwa nyama.
Madokotala azachipatala amalimbikitsanso kuti azichiza nkhumba nthawi ndi nthawi motsutsana ndi ma helminths. Nkhumba za mitundu yosiyanasiyana zimatha kutenga kachilombo ka helminths kudzera mu chakudya, mphutsi, nsomba, achule, ndi zina zotero. Muyeso wina wofunikira ndikuyesetsa kupewa zokopa, chinyezi, komanso chinyezi chochuluka. Nkhumba zimatha kudwala chibayo ngati chinyezi chamkati chimaposa 70%.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Hungarian mangalitsa
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa ma mangalits aku Hungary sikuchititsa nkhawa iliyonse. Alimi ochokera konsekonse padziko lapansi amaswana nkhumbazi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pakati pa akatswiri odziwa zophikira, nyama ya nyama ndiyofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yake yapadera. Nyama imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kwabwino komanso mawonekedwe amafuta ofanana.
Posachedwa, ziwetozi zikukulirakulira ku Ukraine, Russian Federation, ndi Great Britain. M'dziko lakale la Hungary mangalica - ku Hungary, nyama zimawerengedwa ngati chuma chamayiko. M'dera la boma lino, malamulo angapo akhazikitsidwa, pamaziko omwe thandizo ndi maubwino amaperekedwa kwa oweta nkhumba zoswana nyamazi.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera koyambirira kwa obereketsa, kuchuluka kwa anthu amtunduwu kupitilira 15,000. Nyama zimaswedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Kusiyanaku ndi mayiko omwe ali ndi nyengo yotentha chaka chonse.
Chihungary mangalica - mtundu wofunikira wa nkhumba zoweta. Nyama yawo imakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino ndipo imalemekezedwa kwambiri ndi ophika odziwika padziko lonse lapansi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/20/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 21.08.2019 pa 0:03
