Nsomba ngati roach zodziwika kwa ambiri. Amatenga zokongola ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'madamu osiyanasiyana. Asodzi amatsimikizira kuti mphemvu imatha kugwidwa chaka chonse, ndipo amayi aluso amakonza mbale zosiyanasiyana. Pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa momwe nsomba ya siliva imawonekera panja, koma sikuti aliyense amadziwa za zizolowezi zake, mawonekedwe ake, ndi mawonekedwe ake pakubala. Tiyeni timvetsetse zachilendo za moyo wa nsombazi, ndikuzizindikira mosiyanasiyana.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Roach
Roach wamba ndi woimira gulu la nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray, la banja la carp komanso dongosolo la carps. Nsombayi imadziwika ndi subspecies yambiri, yomwe ili ndi mayina awo.
Roach amatchedwa:
- vobloi;
- Ram;
- chebak;
- thupi;
- waimvi;
- bagel.
Kukula kwa Siberia ndi Urals, roach amatchedwa chebak, yomwe ili ndi thupi lopapatiza komanso maso achikaso. Kutalika kwa thupi la chebak kumatha kufikira masentimita 32, ndipo kulemera kwake - mpaka magalamu 760. M'madera a Kirov, Arkhangelsk, Vologda ndi dera la Nenets Autonomous Okrug, roach amatchedwa magpie, nsomba ili ndi maso ofiira komanso thupi lonse kuposa chebak.
Kanema: Roach
Pa Nyanja ya Baikal ndi beseni la Yenisei, munthu akhoza kumva dzina loti roach ngati njira. Vobla imatha kupezeka mu kukula kwa Nyanja ya Caspian, ikamabereka imalowa mu Volga, kutalika kwa nsomba sikupitilira masentimita 30. Nkhosa yamphongo imakhala m'madzi a Azov ndi Black Sea, ikulowa m'mitsinje ya mitsinje yomwe imadutsa munthawiyo. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa thupi lake ndi masentimita 35, ndipo kulemera kwake kuli pafupifupi ma kilogalamu awiri.
Madzi amchere amatchedwa wokhalamo, ndipo nsomba zokhala m'madzi amadzimadzi amatchedwa semi-anadromous. Mwa mitundu yokhalamo, roach yaku Siberia (chebak) ndiwofunika kwambiri, womwe umayikidwa pamisika. Ma subspecies a semi-anadromous monga ram ndi vobla amakhalanso ndi malonda.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Pazokhudza kugawa kwamitundu ndi magawo a roach pakati pa asayansi, zokambirana zikuchitika. Ena amakhulupirira kuti kugawanika kwa nsombazi kukhala subspecies ndikulakwitsa, pomwe ena, m'malo mwake, amaganiza kuti ena a subspecies ndi osiyana, mitundu yokhayokha.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe roach imawonekera
Thupi la roach limakulitsidwa, thupi limatchingidwa pang'ono kuchokera mbali. Kwenikweni, mamba a nsomba amakhala ndi utoto wosawoneka, koma nthawi zina pamakhala zitsanzo za utoto wachikopa, zimatengera malo omwe nsomba zitha kutumizidwa kwamuyaya. Mphepete mwa roach imakhala ndiimvi yakuda, nthawi zina imakhala yowala ndi mitundu yabuluu kapena yobiriwira. Roach amasiyanitsidwa ndi abale ake apamtima chifukwa chokhala ndi mano ofooka, omwe amapezeka mbali zonse ziwiri za kamwa.
Masikelo a roach ndi akulu ndipo amabzalidwa kwambiri, pamzere wotsatira mutha kuwerengera masikelo 40 mpaka 45. Chotsalira chakumbuyo chimakhala ndi cheza 9 mpaka 11, ndipo chimaliziro cha ananal chimakhala ndi 9-12. Mzere wotsatira pakati suwonedwa mu nsomba. Zipsepse zakuthambo ndi m'chiuno ndizofanana. Zipsepse za caudal ndi dorsal zimakhala zobiriwira-imvi kapena zofiirira, pomwe mapiko am'chiuno, apakhungu ndi kumatako ndi lalanje kapena ofiira. Maso ozungulira a roach ali ndi lalanje kapena wofiira Iris.
Mutu wa nsomba uli ndi mawonekedwe owongoka. Kutsegula kwa roach ndikochepa, ndipo nsagwada zakutsogolo zimatulukira patsogolo pang'ono, ndikupanga mawonekedwe achisoni. Roach mokhulupirika amasamutsa madzi odetsedwa, momwe okosijeni amakhala otsika pang'ono. Kukula kwa roach kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, mchaka choyamba cha moyo kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 5, pafupi ndi zaka zitatu, kutalika kwa nsomba kumasiyanasiyana masentimita 12 mpaka 15, ndipo amakula mpaka 30 cm akafika zaka khumi. Pafupifupi, kutalika kwa munthu wokhwima kumakhala pakati pa 10 mpaka 25 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake kumatha kukhala magalamu 150 mpaka 500.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi idakhazikitsidwa ku Germany, komwe adapeza roach yolemera 2.58 kg.
Kodi roach moyo?
Chithunzi: Roach mumtsinje
Malo ogawira a roach ndi ochulukirapo, amayambira ku UK ndi Central Europe kumpoto kwa Sweden ndi Finland. M'dera la Asia Minor ndi Crimea, roach amapezeka, koma anthu ake ndi ochepa kwambiri. M'mphepete mwa Mediterranean, nsomba sizimapezeka konse. Ma subspecies a semi-anadomous amatumizidwa m'madzi a Black and Azov Seas. Roach adapewa Far East ndi beseni la Amur.
Nsombazi zimakhala m'madzi osiyanasiyana, amoyo:
- mu Volga;
- Lena;
- Obi;
- Yenisei;
- m'nyanja ya Baikal;
- m'dera lamadzi a Nyanja Zaysan;
- m'madzi a Nyanja ya Aral.
Anthu adabweretsa roach ku Ireland, kontinenti ya Australia, Morocco, Spain ndi Italy, komwe nsombazo zidayamba mizu. Roach wodzichepetsa adasinthirako madzi amadzi amchere amchere ndi mitsinje yofooka. Roach imapezeka m'mitsinje yaying'ono, m'mayiwe, mitsinje yamapiri yovuta, kuyimilira kwamadziwe, m'madoko am'mphepete mwa nyanja. Matupi amadzi, okhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso wodzazidwa ndi namsongole, samawopseza nsomba yaying'ono iyi.
Pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mwachangu pamakhala nyama zazing'ono, ndipo anthu okhwima komanso olemera amakhala pansi. M'chaka, roach nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa pamwamba pamadzi, chifukwa akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi pa tizilombo. M'nyengo yozizira ikayandikira, nsombazi zimasonkhana m'masukulu ndikupita mozama, pafupi ndi nkhalango zowirira komanso ziboda zam'madzi.
Tsopano mukudziwa kumene nsomba za roach zimapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi roach amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Roach ya nsomba
Mu chakudya, roach ndi wodzichepetsa, ndipo zakudya zake ndizosiyana kwambiri.
Nsomba zokhwima zimakonda kudya:
- ziphuphu;
- nkhono;
- chimbudzi;
- nyongolotsi;
- mphutsi za agulugufe;
- mphutsi;
- mwachangu;
- ndere.
Achinyamata ndi mwachangu amadyetsa zotsalira za ana amphongo, mphutsi ndi zilonda za udzudzu wa pusher. Kuti akule mwachangu, roach ayenera kukhala m'madzi amchere okhala ndi calcium yambiri. Dziwe siliyenera kukhala loipitsidwa kwambiri, namsongole wambiri ndi mpikisano pang'ono ndizolandiridwa. M'nyengo yoyamba yachilimwe ya moyo wawo, mwachangu amakonda mtundu umodzi wokha wa algae ndi daphnia. M'dzinja, amayamba kufunafuna nyama zazing'ono zosambira.
Nsombazo zikayamba kudya mosiyanasiyana, kukula kwawo kumapita patsogolo mwachangu, kumakulirakulira kuchokera kasanu mpaka kasanu mpaka kakhumi. Roach wamkulu komanso wokhwima amayamba kusinthana mpaka pansi ndi nyama. Mpaka pomwe imakula mpaka masentimita khumi ndi asanu, roach amadyetsa mphutsi, mitundu yonse ya tizilombo ndi algae. Anthu akuluakulu amadya zopanda mafupa akuluakulu (mwachitsanzo, nkhono za m'nyanja).
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nthawi yomwe amatenga roach kupukusa zomwe amadya zimadalira kutentha kozungulira. Pa madigiri 21 okhala ndi chikwangwani chowonjezera, zimatenga pafupifupi maola anayi, kukayamba kuzizira kuchokera kuphatikiza 5 mpaka 8, zimatenga mpaka maola 72 kugaya.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Roach nthawi yotentha
Roach amakhala m'masukulu, omwe amapangidwa kutengera msinkhu wa nsomba. Kawirikawiri, chojambula chimodzi chachikulu chimatha kuwoneka pasukulu ya nsomba zazing'ono. Achinyamata amamatira kumadzi osaya komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pomwe anthu okhwima amakhala pansi. Nsomba imakonda mabango ndi mabango. Gulu lonse la nsomba limapitanso m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo ayezi akayamba kusungunuka, nsomba zimasambira kupita m'malo ang'onoang'ono, ndipo munthawi imeneyi zimaluma kwambiri.
Roach amakhala wosamala kwambiri komanso wamantha, chifukwa amakhala tcheru nthawi zonse ndipo amatha kubwerera msanga ndi phokoso lililonse lakunja. Nsombazi zimagwira ntchito masana komanso nthawi yamadzulo. Mavuto aliwonse alibe chakudya. roach amadya zonse zomera ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana za nyama mosangalala. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe, chakudya chikakhala chochuluka, nsombazo zimasiya kugwira ntchito zake, kotero anglers amagwiritsa nyambo ndi nyambo zosiyanasiyana kuti akope. Ndipo mu nthawi yophukira, pomwe zomera za m'madzi zikafa, mphemvu siimakhalanso yovuta ndipo imagwidwa bwino kwambiri.
Roach amatha kutchedwa nsomba yopanda ulemu komanso yopatsa chidwi yomwe yasintha kukhala ndi moyo m'madzi osiyanasiyana, sichiwopa kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kapena mpweya wochepa m'madzi. Kale pakati pa nyengo yophukira, nsomba zikukonzekera nyengo yachisanu, zikukhamukira m'masukulu. M'nyengo yozizira, masango am'madzi ozama kwambiri, pomwe pali nkhalango zambiri. Pakufika masika, masamba akuya kwamadzi, ndi masukulu a nsomba amatumizidwa kumtunda, komwe amayamba kudya, kugwira tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nthawi zabwino zoluma roach zimawerengedwa kuti ndi nthawi isanakwane (sabata isanakwane) komanso pambuyo pobereka - pafupi kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa Juni. M'nthawi yamasika, pomwe madzi amakhala asanakhale ndi nthawi yotentha, amaluma bwino masana, ndipo nthawi yotentha, kuluma mwamphamvu kumachitika m'mawa.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Roach yaying'ono
Kukula msinkhu kwa amuna ndi akazi a roach kumachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana, mwa amuna kumabwera zaka ziwiri kapena zinayi, mwa akazi - kuyambira anayi mpaka asanu. Nthawi yobereka imapezeka kumapeto kwa Epulo ndipo imatha mu Meyi. Pobzala, roach imasankha malo omwe pali zitsamba zam'madzi, ndi mitsinje, madzi osaya, madambo osefukira, madera akumunsi kwa mitsinje yomwe ikufulumira pano ndi oyenera pantchitoyi. Pakati pa nyengo yokwanira, mutha kuwona momwe mphemvu imalumphira m'madzi, ndikupopera. Amuna amayesa kutsatira akazi kulikonse.
Madzi akatentha mpaka madigiri 10 ndi chikwangwani chowonjezera, zovala zazimuna zimakhala zovuta, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ma tubercles owoneka pathupi. Paziweto, zazikazi zimagwira mbali zamphongo zazimuna ngati izi kwa milungu iwiri, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti apange mazira, omwe amakhala achikasu. Mkazi m'modzi amatha kukhala pakati pa 10 mpaka 200 zikwi, m'mimba mwake mazira amasiyana mpaka milimita imodzi ndi theka. Mosungiramo kumene kulibe madzi, mazira amamatira ku udzu, mabango, ndi mizu ya mitengo ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja. M'madzi omwe ali ndimakono, amasungidwa ndi mossowow ndi miyala.
Nthawi yokwanira imachokera masiku 4 mpaka 12, pakubadwa, mwachangu kumakhala kutalika kwa 4 mpaka 6 mm. Ana osakwanitsa mwezi umodzi amakhala m'ziyangoyango pansi, akudya ndi kubisala kwa adani obisalira. Mwachangu ndioyenera kumadzi komwe mphepoyo ndi yaulesi kapena kulibe (dziwe, dambo). Nsomba zazing'ono zimakonda malo osaya madzi, ndipo kukula kwawo kumachepa pang'ono. Nthawi yayitali yamoyo wa roach ndi zaka pafupifupi 20, munthawi imeneyi nthawi zambiri imafika masentimita makumi anayi m'litali.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: M'mitsinje pafupi ndi malo opangira magetsi, nthawi ya roach imatha kuchitika mu Januware, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha madzi otentha ofunda.
Adani achilengedwe a roach
Chithunzi: Momwe roach imawonekera
M'chilengedwe, roach wamanyazi ndi yaying'ono ali ndi adani okwanira. M'chaka ndi kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, mazira ambiri a nsombazi amafa, chifukwa amadya mwachangu. Zowononga ndi pike zitha kuwerengedwanso pakati pa adani a roach, zimangoyenda limodzi ndi mabokosi ake, nthawi zambiri zimapanga ziwopsezo panthawi yobereka. Nsomba yolusa imayang'ana kamphindi kakang'ono kakang'ono kakang'ono kakang'ono kakang'ono kakang'ono kamene kakulira m'madzi, komwe imasambira kufunafuna plankton. Pike sangasamale konse kuti atenthedwe ndi roach, amalimbana ndi nsombayo pomenya mitu yawo, kenako amalumanso ndi mano akuthwa. Makapu osusuka amadyetsa mwachangu wa roach komanso achinyamata osadziwa zambiri.
Mbalame zina zimatha kutchulidwa ndi adani, mwachitsanzo, cormorants, omwe amadya theka la kilogalamu ya nsomba tsiku limodzi. A Kingfisher nawonso amadya nsomba zachangu ndi zazing'ono, zomwe siziposa masentimita khumi kukula kwake. Komano, njenjete, zimakonda nsomba zazikulu, zimadya nsomba zokhwima pafupifupi masentimita 35. Madzi ogwidwa ndi mbalame amadyetsa msipu m'madzi osaya, komwe amathira mosamala, kugwira nsomba zazing'ono, kutalika kwake, nthawi zambiri, sikudutsa masentimita 16. ...
Kuphatikiza pa nsomba ndi mbalame zolusa, roach imadyedwa ndi otters, muskrats, minks, omwe amasaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Nsomba zazing'ono zimamezedwa pomwepo m'madzi, ndipo yayikulu imadyedwa pamtunda. Kuphatikiza pa nthumwi zosiyanasiyana za nyama, mitundu yonse ya matenda imakhudza roach, pomwe nsomba zimawonongeka. Matenda akuda amapezeka mumasamba chifukwa amadya nkhono zomwe zimadwala mphutsi za nyongolotsi. Mawanga akuda amapezeka pathupi la nsomba yodwala; tiziromboti sitikhala pachiwopsezo kwa anthu.
Kudyetsa utitiri wamadzi, roach imadwala matenda a ligulosis. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kukula ndi kukula kwa kachilombo ka m'mimba mwa nsomba, komwe pang'onopang'ono kumayamba kufinya ziwalo zamkati zam'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyumbayo ikhale yosabala ndipo imwalira posachedwa.
Adani a roach amaphatikizapo anthu omwe amadziwika bwino ndi ndodo. Anthu okonda kusodza amatenga roach yambiri, pomwe amakonzera mbale zosiyanasiyana. Nyama ya nsomba ndiyokoma kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi ma calorie ochepa, chifukwa chake ndiyeneranso kwa iwo omwe amasunga mawonekedwe awo, kutsatira zakudya.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ku UK, roach imagwidwa kuti isangalale, pafupifupi nsomba zonse zomwe zagwidwa zimamasulidwa kubwerera m'madzi. Ngakhale roach amaonedwa kuti ndi chakudya, anthu aku Britain samayamikira, amasankha nsomba zina.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Roach ya nsomba
Magawidwe a roach ndiwambiri; nsomba yaying'ono iyi imazolowera kumatupi amadzi osiyanasiyana. Iye ndi wodzichepetsa ku chilengedwe komanso omnivorous. Kukula kwa kuchuluka kwa nsombazi sikuyambitsa nkhawa iliyonse pakati pa mabungwe osamalira, m'malo mwake, m'matupi ena amadzi ndi ochulukirapo.
Kubwerera m'ma 70s azaka zapitazo, kufunikira kwa roach kumpoto kwa Europe kudatsika kwambiri. Nsombazi zimadya zooplankton ndipo zimakula pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madamu omwe amakhala amakhala atayamba kusefukira ndi kuphuka mwamphamvu, chifukwa sagwidwa chifukwa cha mafakitale. Kugwira roach kumabweretsa kubwezeretsa kwa kuchuluka kwa zooplankton, kuchepa kwa nitrogen ndi phosphorous m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nsomba zamtengo wapatali ziyambe kukula ndikukula m'malo mwake.
Nsomba zazikulu zitha kugulitsidwabe, koma pakatikati pa Europe ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri, ndipo nsomba zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chakudya cha ziweto ngakhale biodiesel. Ntchitoyi yakhazikitsidwa ku Finland, yomwe imapereka mwayi wopezera matani 350 a roach pachaka. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nkhosa yamphongo ndi nyama yamphongo ndi yamtengo wapatali kwambiri pamalonda; nsomba iyi imagulitsidwa yonse yatsopano komanso yowuma.
Kotero, roach imakhalabe nsomba zambiri, sizikuyimira phindu lapadera lamafuta, m'maiko ena sichigwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chakudya. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa mazira ndi mazira amadyedwa ndi nsomba, mbalame, ndi nyama zina, ziweto zambiri sizingakhale pachiwopsezo chotere, chifukwa chake sizitetezedwa ndipo sizikusowa zoteteza.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Roach imatha kuyanjana ndi rudd, chub ndi bream, zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri. Mitundu yotereyi imakhala yotayika kwambiri ndipo ambiri aiwo sangathe kuberekana, koma ngakhale izi sizikhala ndi vuto lalikulu pakukula kwa nsomba.
Pomaliza, ndikufuna kudziwa izi kwa aliyense roach ikuyimira kufunikira kwake: kwa ena, ndi chikho chabwino kwambiri pakusodza pamasewera, ena amakonda masewera ake okonzera zakudya, akukonzekera zokoma zambiri osati zokoma zokha, komanso zopatsa thanzi, zakudya zina, pomwe ena amawotchera nsomba ndi cholinga choti agulitsenso.Ndipo pokumbukira kukoma kwa roach yochiritsidwa, ambiri amayamba kutsitsa.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/13/2019
Idasinthidwa: 14.08.2019 pa 9:16
