Nsomba - wautali nsomba, amene nthawi zambiri amatchedwa anthu muvi. Poyambirira nthawi zambiri zinali zotheka kupeza dzina lolakwika la garfish "nsomba za singano". Pambuyo pake, mfundo zonse zidayikidwa mumtunduwo, ndipo tsopano singano ya singano ndi garfish ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana. Ngakhale, osadziwa ma nuances onse, mutha kuwasokoneza.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Sargan
Tanthete iliyonse ya garfish ndi ya banja la garfish. Mwa njira, chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi nsomba zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakhalanso za mtundu uwu. Izi zimaphatikizapo nsomba zachilendo komanso zachilendo zakuwuluka.
Kukhala a sarganovs kumadalira makamaka pamakonzedwe apadera a mafupa amutu. Choyambirira, garfish imasiyanitsidwa ndi kuwoloka kwa ma cartilage ena, omwe, makamaka, amafotokoza kusayenda kwa nsagwada zakumtunda. Magawo am'mimba samalumikizidwa ndi kuwira kwa mpweya - ndichinthu china chofunikira kwambiri cha garfish.
Kanema: Sargan
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti garfish ndi amodzi mwa nsomba zakale kwambiri zomwe zakhala m'madzi a World Ocean kwazaka zambiri. Ndi kuchokera kwa iwo komwe mitundu ina yambiri ya garfish imayamba.
Ngakhale garfish ndi nsomba zodya nyama zina, sizingakhale ngati zowopsa komanso zankhanza. Sitinganenenso kuti garfish ndiovulaza kwambiri nsomba zina. Pali mafunso enanso okhudza kagawidwe ka zamoyozi mu beseni la Nyanja Yakuda ndi Azov, chifukwa m'njira zambiri nsombazi zimakonda malo akulu otseguka panyanja chifukwa chokhala otanganidwa kwambiri. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa chakuti Black Sea garfish ndiyocheperako ndipo siyidutsa masentimita 60 m'litali, pomwe mitundu ina imatha kufikira 1.5-2 m.
Chosangalatsa: Kuopsa kwa anthu kumayambitsidwa ndi woimira wamkulu wa garfish - ng'ona. Amakhala pafupi ndi miyala yamchere yamchere ndipo amatha kutalika kwa 2 m. Usiku, garfish imathamangira mu nyali, ndikupanga liwiro lothana ndi msodzi ngakhale maboti ena. Dzinalo la subspecies ndi chifukwa chakuti nsagwada za ng'ona garfish ndizofanana kwambiri ndi mano a ng'ona yomwe.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe garfish imawonekera
Sargan amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera apachiyambi, chifukwa chake samadziwika. Nthawi yomweyo, pamakhala mikangano pamitundu yake, chifukwa sizovuta kusokoneza garfish ndi eel. Nthawi zambiri, garfish amafanizidwa ndi nsomba ya singano.
Kuyerekeza konseku kumachitika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera. Sargan ali ndi thupi lalitali, lopotoloka, lathyathyathya pang'ono m'mbali. Nsagwadazo zilinso zazitali ndipo zimafanana ndi ma forceps akulu okhala ndi mano akuthwa, otukuka bwino. Mukayang'ana garfish kuchokera kutsogolo, mutha kuwona kuti nsagwada zachepetsa kwambiri kutsogolo. Izi zimapangitsa garfish kukhala yofanana ndi nsombazo komanso ngakhale abuluzi akale - pterodactyls. Ngakhale zinyalala sizingakhale mbadwa zawo, mtundu womwewo ukuwonetsedwa pafupifupi m'malo onse. Kawirikawiri, mano ang'onoang'ono, akuthwa amachititsa kuti kufanana kumeneku kutchulidwe kwambiri.
Zipsepse za pectoral ndi dorsal zili kumbuyo kwa thupi. Chifukwa cha ichi, kusinthasintha kwa garfish kumakulanso kwambiri. Mzere wotsatira umachokera kumapeto kwa pectoral mpaka mchira, womwe mwa omwe akuyimira mitundu iyi amasunthira pansi. Chinsinsicho chimakhala chochepa kwambiri. Masikelo a garfish ndi ochepa ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala apadera. Thupi lonse la garfish lili ndi mitundu itatu yosiyana: kumbuyo kwake kumakhala mdima wonyezimira, mbali zake ndi zoyera, koma mimba ili ndi mthunzi wowala kwambiri ndi siliva.
Mutu wa nsombayo ndiwokulirapo komanso wotakata m'munsi mwake, pang'onopang'ono mpaka kumapeto kwa nsagwada. Potengera izi, garfish idalandira dzina lina losadziwika: arrow arrow. Maso a garfish ndi akulu komanso amtundu wabwino, omwe amalola kuti azidziyendetsa bwino ngakhale atakhala ochepa.
Zosangalatsa: Mafupa a garfish ndi obiriwira. Chifukwa cha ichi, m'maiko ena, nsomba zimakanidwa kwathunthu kuti zisadye ngati chakudya. M'malo mwake, ndiotetezeka kwathunthu, ndipo mthunzi uwu umangogwirizanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa biliverdin mthupi (mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira womwe umapezeka mu bile).
Kodi garfish amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Nsomba za Sargan
Zonse pamodzi, pali pafupifupi 25 subspecies za garfish. Kutengera ndi yomwe ikuwerengedwa, malowa amakhalanso osiyana.
Ndizachizolowezi kuti nsomba zonse zizigawika m'magulu awiri ndikugawa m'mitundu isanu:
- Mzungu. Mitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri yomwe siili pamalo amodzi - imadziwika ndi kusamuka kosasintha kwa nyengo. M'chilimwe, amabwera ku North Sea kuti adzalandire chakudya chomwe chatayika. Pakufika nthawi yophukira, nsomba zimapita kudera la Kumpoto kwa Africa, komwe kumatentha;
- Nyanja Yakuda. Amapezeka, ngakhale ali ndi dzina, kuwonjezera pa Wakuda, komanso mu Nyanja ya Azov;
- wofanana ndi riboni. Amakonda madzi ofunda kwambiri, chifukwa chake amakhala pafupi ndi zisumbu zokha. Mphepete mwa nyanja ndi malo ena omwe amakonda kwambiri. Ndizosatheka kusankha malo aliwonse omveka bwino - riboni saran imapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana a World Ocean;
- Kum'maŵa Kutali. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pagombe la China. M'chilimwe, nthawi zambiri zimayandikira ku Far Far Russia;
- wakuda-wakuda (wakuda). Zimapezeka pafupi ndi South Asia, zimayesetsa kuyandikira kugombe momwe zingathere.
Mwa njira, garfish sangatchulidwe konse chifukwa cha nsomba zam'nyanja. Palinso mitundu yomwe imakonda madzi abwino ochokera mumitsinje. Izi zimapezeka kwambiri mumitsinje ya India, South America, posankha nyengo yotentha. Kutengera izi, titha kuzindikira: garfish ilibe malire amalo okhala.
Nsomba zimapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse, mitundu yake ingosiyana. Sargan amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi madzi kapena makulidwe ake, koma amapewa kuya kwambiri kapena nsapato.
Tsopano mukudziwa kumene nsomba za garfish zimapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi garfish amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Black Sea Sargan
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mphutsi za mollusk komanso nsomba zazing'onozing'ono ndizofunikira kwambiri pa nkhono. Mullet wachichepere ndi zina zomwe zingagwire gulu la garfish zimayamba kutsatira zonse limodzi.
Koma nsomba zamtchire sizikhala ndi mwayi nthawi zonse kukumana ndi chakudya choterocho panjira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nsomba zazing'ono kwa iwo zimakhala zokoma zomwe sizimapezeka kawirikawiri. Nthawi yonse, garfish iyenera kukhala yokhutira ndi mitundu yonse ya crustaceans. Akhozanso kunyamula tizilombo tambiri pamwamba pamadzi. Pofunafuna chakudya cha nyama zazing'ono zingapo zam'madzi, ma garfish amasunthanso.
Njira yawo itha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu:
- kuchokera pansi pa madzi mpaka pamwamba pamadzi. Nsombazi zimayenda ulendo umenewu tsiku lililonse;
- kuchokera kudera lakugombe mpaka kunyanja - kusamukira kwakanthawi kwamasukulu a nsomba.
Sargan imatha kuyenda mwachangu kwambiri, ndikupanga mayendedwe ofanana ndi mafunde ndi thupi lokhalitsa. Komanso, ngati kuli koyenera, nkhonozi zimatha kudumpha m'madzi kuti zikapezere nyama. Mwa njira, zikavuta kwambiri nkhanzayo imatha kulumpha zopinga. Mosiyana ndi nsomba zina zambiri, nkhono sizimadya chakudya chomera. Ngakhale atasowa chakudya, sadzadya ndere.
Chosangalatsa: Garnfish imayenda pongoyenda pang'onopang'ono ndi thupi lake. Izi zimathandiza kuti nsombazi zisangoyenda liwiro lalitali kwambiri, komanso kuti zilumphire m'madzi. Sargan nthawi zina imatha kufikira liwiro la 60 km / h m'madzi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Common garfish
Sargan ndi nsomba zolusa. Zambiri mwa zizolowezi ndi zizolowezi zake zimakhudzana ndi kusaka. Sargan samangokhalira kudya nyama, chifukwa chake amasankha kumenya mwachangu komanso mwamphamvu. Mitundu yaying'ono imakonda kuthamangira kuti zisamavutike kulimbana ndi nyama yodzitchinjiriza ndi kudziteteza kwa adani.
Koma anthu akuluakulu ndiochenjera kwambiri: amadzisaka okha, osasankha kuti awononge kwambiri, koma kudikirira mwakachetechete kuti abisalire wovutikayo. Garefish ina iliyonse m'derali imadziwika ngati otsutsana ndipo ikhoza kumenya nawo nkhondo. Nthawi zina kugundana kumeneku kumatha kutha ndi nkhanu yolimba yomwe imadya mdani.
Nthawi zina mumatha kupeza garfish ngakhale pagulu lamseri. Koma muyenera kukhala okonzekera kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kusunga garfish kunyumba. Iyi ndi nsomba yopanda tanthauzo kwambiri malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili, zomwe zimafunikira ziyeneretso zapamwamba zam'madzi am'madzi. Ngakhale pankhaniyi nkhanu sizimakula, zimafunikira malo ambiri okhala, popeza nsombazo zimazolowera moyo wokangalika.
Ali mu ukapolo, nthawi zina amatha kudya kwathunthu anansi awo mumtsinje wa aquarium kuti awonjezere malo okhala. Mafinya, ma tadpoles ndi zakudya zina zamoyo - ndizomwe muyenera kudyetsa garfish. Ndikofunikanso kuwongolera kutentha (mpaka 28 madigiri) ndi acidity yamadzi am'madzi. Muyeneranso kukhala osamala kwambiri: nsomba imatha kudumpha kuchokera m'madziwo, kuvulaza mwiniwake. Akhozanso kudzivulaza, ndikungophwanya nsagwada.
Mwa njira, kuopsa kwa nsagwada za garfish zimasungidwa m'malo achilengedwe: nthawi zambiri nsomba zimatha kuziphwanya pakupeza chakudya, nkhondo ndi mphindi zina. Ngakhale nsagwada ndi zamphamvu, ndizochepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake, ndi malo osatetezeka kwambiri mu nsombayi. Kuzungulira kwa moyo kumayenderana mwachindunji ndi kutentha kwa madzi: garfish intuitively imayesetsa kupita kumadera omwe kumatentha.
Chosangalatsa: Mitundu ina ya garfish, kuti idikire chilala, pamafunde ochepa amakumba pansi ndikudikirira kuti madzi abwerere kumeneko. Izi ndizofanana ndi zida zankhaninkhani zomwe zimakonda kubwera pafupi ndi gombe.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Sargan munyanja
Sargan amakhala wokhwima ali ndi zaka ziwiri. Nthawi yomweyo nsombayo imayamba kukaswana. Nthawi yonse ya moyo ndi pafupifupi zaka 6-7. Ngakhale pakhala pali milandu pomwe munyama zakutchire amakhala mpaka zaka 13-15.
Pobzala, nsomba zimapita kugombe la nyanja. Nthawi yobereka imadalira malo okhala nsomba. Mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean, kuyamba kwa kubereka kumakhala mu Marichi, koma Kumpoto - mu Meyi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, nsomba zamtchire zimayamba kuphulika madzi akamatentha mokwanira. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mtsogolo, nyengo iliyonse (kusintha kwa kutentha, mchere wamadzi) sikungakhudze kubereka, komwe kumatha kutambasuka kwa miyezi yambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, nsonga yake imagwera pakati chilimwe. Ngakhale zinthu zitakhala zosasangalatsa, izi sizingasinthe vutoli mwanjira iliyonse ndipo nkhonozi zimayikira mazira momwe zimakhalira.
Pofuna kuikira mazira, garfish wamkulu wamkazi amayandikira algae kapena miyala yolimba. Mzimayi amatha kuikira mazira akuya mita 1-15. Pafupipafupi, kuyambira mazira 30 mpaka 50,000 amaikidwira kamodzi. Mazira a Sargan ndi akulu kwambiri - amatha kufikira 3.5 mm m'mimba mwake, komanso amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Kuti ulumikizane bwinobwino pamwamba pa ndere kapena miyala yam'madzi, ulusi womata umakhala wofanana pachikopa cha dzira.
Mitundu mwachangu mwachangu - zimatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Nsombazi zimabadwa makamaka usiku. Kutalika kwa mwana wakhanda mwachangu ndi 1-1.5 cm, pafupifupi kwathunthu. Mitsempha imagwira ntchito bwino, ndipo maso opangidwa bwino amalola kuyendetsa kwaulere ngakhale kuli kochepa. Zipsepse za mchira ndi chakumaso ndizomwe zakula kwambiri m'badwo uno. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, garfish imayendabe mwachangu kwambiri.
Mtundu wa mwachangu ndi bulauni. Kudyetsa kwake kumachitika chifukwa cha yolk sac - izi zimalola mwachangu kuti asamve kufunikira kwakudya kwa masiku atatu. Komanso, mwachangu amayamba kudyetsa okha pa mphutsi za mollusks.
Adani achilengedwe a garfish
Chithunzi: Momwe garfish imawonekera
Mwachilengedwe, garfish ili ndi adani ambiri. Izi ndizokhudza nsomba zazikuluzikulu (tuna, bluefish). Ma dolphin ndi mbalame zam'nyanja ndizowopsa pamtundu wa garfish. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, munthu posachedwapa wakhala woopsa kwambiri kwa garfish. Tsopano kufunika kwa garfish ngati nsomba pankhani ya usodzi kukukulira, ndichifukwa chake nsomba zawonjezeka kwambiri. Potengera izi, anthu atha kutsika kwambiri.
Mwa njira, garfish iyenso imatha kukhala yowopsa ngakhale kwa anthu. Usiku kwa anthu osiyanasiyana, ndi owopsa chifukwa amakola mosavuta kuwala kwa tochi, ndikuthamangirako. Nsagwada zamphamvu zimatha kuvulaza. Koma izi zimangogwira ntchito pamitundu ikuluikulu. Anthu ang'onoang'ono sakhala pachiwopsezo chowukira anthu. Monga zilombo zolusa, zimadya nsomba zing'onozing'ono zokha. Ndipo - nthawi zambiri garfish imakonda kusaka m'matumba, osati paokha.
Adani achilengedwe panthawi yakucha amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa nkhono. Ndi mwachangu komanso caviar ya garfish yomwe imakonda kugwidwa ndi ziwombankhanga. Ngakhale akuluakulu amateteza ana awo mwachidwi, mazira ambiri ndi mwachangu amafa osadikirira kuti atha msinkhu. Amathanso kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe pakusamukira kwawo.
Chosangalatsa: Mitundu yayikulu ya garfish imatha kuvulaza asodzi podumpha m'madzi mwachangu kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika ngati garfish ikuthamangitsa nyama kapena ikufuna kuthawa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Nsomba za Sargan
Ndizosatheka kuwerengera nambala yeniyeni ya garfish m'chilengedwe. Nsombazi zakhazikika m'malo amadzi pafupifupi Nyanja Yonse Yapadziko Lonse, anthu ake amapezeka ku Atlantic, Mediterranean ndi nyanja zina zambiri. Komanso, zovuta zimakhudzana ndikuti nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuyesa mtunduwo mwachangu, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto ngakhale kuyerekezera kwakanthawi kwa kuchuluka kwa garfish. Zikwizikwi za mphutsi zimangotilola kutsimikizira kuti nkhanzazo sizowopsezedwa kuti zitha. Malinga ndi zomwe aboma adziwa, garfish ndi yamtundu wina "womwe sukuyambitsa nkhawa."
Nthawi zina mutha kudziwa kuti zokolola za garfish zawonjezeka kwambiri posachedwa, zomwe zingapangitse kuchepa kwa chiwerengero chake. M'malo mwake, kutchuka sikokwanira kunena za nsomba zambiri. Sargan, ngakhale idadyedwa ngati chakudya, siyothandiza kwenikweni. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri amakana kudya nsomba zamtunduwu konse, motero sizinganenedwe kuti garfish ndi yomwe imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nsomba.
Black Sea garfish imagwidwa kwambiri. Koma mulimonsemo, izi sizochuluka kwambiri kunena za njira zotetezera mitunduyo. Chiwerengero cha anthu chikwizikwi, ndipo zochitika zachilengedwe zimakonda kubereketsa. Mwa njira, njira yapadziko lonse lapansi yotentha kwanyengo ndi madzi m'nyanja yapadziko lonse lapansi makamaka ikuthandizira kuwonjezeka kwa nsomba za garfish, chifukwa madzi ofunda ndiye malo abwino kwambiri ophera nsomba.
Nsomba - nsomba yotchuka pakati pa asodzi, yomwe imangokhala ndi nyama yokoma, komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, omwe amasiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina yofanana. Ndi chifukwa cha izi pomwe anthu achepera pang'ono posachedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakufunika kuchitapo kanthu pofuna kuteteza mitunduyo. Makamaka, othandizira nsomba ambiri amalimbikitsa kuchepetsa kusodza, makamaka nthawi yopanga.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/06/2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/28/2019 ku 22:29
