Msuzi wachitsamba - m'modzi mwa oimira adokowe kwambiri. Amakhala makamaka mdera la Belarus m'malo achithaphwi. Iyi ndi mbalame yayikulu komanso yokongola kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa Belarus, imatha kupezeka m'malo ena a Eurasia ngakhale ku Africa. Dzina la mitunduyo potanthauzira mu Chirasha limatanthauza "phulusa mbalame".
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: heron imvi
The heron heron ndi woimira chordates, ndi wa gulu la mbalame, dongosolo la adokowe, banja la heron, mtundu wa heron, mitundu ya imvi. Kalekale, mpaka pakati pa zaka za zana la 19, mbalameyi idkaonedwa ngati yowopsa, ndikubweretsa tsoka. Zisa zake zinali kuwonongedwa nthawi zonse, ndipo akuluakulu ambiri amaphedwa.
Anthu a m'banja lachifumu ankaona falconry kusaka the heron imvi zosangalatsa zosangalatsa. Ngakhale zidadziwika kuti nyama yake sigwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chakudya chifukwa chosakonda kwambiri. Chifukwa cha zochitika zaumunthu izi, madera ambiri ku Europe, omwe kale anali okondedwa ndi amphaka, ataya nthumwi yokongola iyi ndi zinyama.
Kanema: Grey Heron
Akatswiri ojambula zithunzi za m'nthawi ya Renaissance ankasilira kukongola kwa mbalame yokongolayi ndipo nthawi zambiri amazijambula pamiyala yawo. Mutha kupezanso chithunzi chake m'miyoyo ina ngati chikho chosakira. Chithunzi cha woimira mbalameyu muzojambula zachi China ndizofala kwambiri. Pazikumbutso zina, ojambula aku China adawonetsera mbalameyi limodzi ndi lotus ngati chizindikiro cha kupambana, chisangalalo ndi moyo wabwino.
Mothandizidwa ndi zaluso zaku China, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chimeza, chithunzi chake chidatchuka kwambiri pakati pa Europe ndi mayiko ambiri aku Asia.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi msipu wofiira umawoneka bwanji
Msuzi wa imvi ndi wa mbalame zazikulu komanso zokongola kwambiri, ngakhale mbalame zazikulu. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 75-100. Kulemera kwakuthupi kwa munthu wamkulu ndi ma kilogalamu awiri. Zoyipa zakugonana sizitchulidwa. Akazi ali ndi thupi lotsika. Heron wakuda ndiye mwini thupi lalikulu, lokulirapo, lokhathamira. Mbali yapadera ya mbalame ndi khosi lalitali, lowonda komanso lokongola kwambiri. Pouluka, mphalapala, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya adokowe, samakokera kutsogolo, koma amapinda kuti mutu wake ukhale pathupi.
Mbalame zimakhala ndi miyendo yaitali komanso yowonda. Iwo ndi otuwa. Miyendo ili ndi zala zinayi: zala zitatu zimalunjika kutsogolo, kumbuyo kamodzi. Zala zili ndi zikhadabo zazitali. Chikhadabo chala chapakati chimakhala chachitali kwambiri, chifukwa chimagwira gawo lofunikira pakukhazikitsa njira zaukhondo. Ufa umapangidwa kuchokera ku nthenga zoduka zomwe zili mthupi la mbalameyo, pomwe pamapangidwa chinthu chapadera, chomwe chimalepheretsa nthenga kuti ziziphatikirana limodzi ndi mamina a nsomba zodyedwa. Ndi chingwe chachitali kwambiri chomwe chimathandiza mbalame kuthira nthenga ndi ufa uwu.
Msuzi wa imvi uli ndi mapiko ataliatali, ozungulira. Mapiko ake ndi pafupifupi mita ziwiri. Maonekedwe ndi kukula kwake kwa mapiko akuyenererana bwino ndi maulendo ataliatali pamtunda wautali. Mbalameyi imapatsidwa chilengedwe ndi mlomo wakuthwa, wautali komanso wamphamvu kwambiri. Amamuthandiza kupeza chakudya ndikudzitchinjiriza kwa adani. Ndi mlomo wotere, imatha kupha mbewa zazikulu ngati kalulu. Kutalika kwa milomo kumafika masentimita 15-17 mwa anthu ena. Mlomo ukhoza kukhala wamitundumitundu: kuyambira wonyezimira wachikaso mpaka bulauni yakuda.
Nthenga zimamasuka ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zowirira. Chiwembu chautoto chimayang'aniridwa ndi imvi, yoyera, mitundu ingapo ya phulusa. Mbali yakumtunda ya thupi ndi yakuda kuposa yam'munsi. Nape wa the heron imvi nthawi zambiri amakongoletsedwa ndi tuft ya nthenga zazitali, zakuda.
Kodi hule wakuda amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Gray Heron ku Russia
Malo okhala mbalamezi ndi akulu kwambiri. Mosasamala kanthu za dera, nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Malo onse okhala mbalame ali pafupifupi makilomita 63 miliyoni. Mbalamezi zimagawidwa m'malo ambiri ku Europe, Asia komanso zigawo zina za Africa. Ku Eurasia, abuluzi amapezeka paliponse, mpaka ku taiga imvi. Zopatulazo ndi zipululu komanso madera omwe ali ndi mapiri ataliatali.
Madera a mbewa yakuda:
- gombe la Mediterranean;
- Kumwera cha Kum'mawa kwa Asia;
- Zisumbu zazikulu za Sunda;
- Belarus;
- Maldives;
- Sri Lanka
- Madagascar;
- zigawo zosiyana za Russia.
Zitsamba zam'madzi zimapezekanso m'mapiri madera omwe kutalika kwamapiri sikupitilira mita 1000 pamwamba pamadzi. Mbalame nthawi zonse zimakhazikika pafupi ndi madzi oyera, m'madzi osaya omwe amapezako chakudya. Zinyama zimakhala zisa, zomwe zimamanga zokha zikagwirizana. Ambiri mwa miyoyo yawo amamangiriridwa ku zisa izi, chifukwa ngakhale anthu omwe amakonda kusamuka amabwerera kunyumba zawo.
Mbalame zomwe zimakhala m'malo ozizira zimasamukira kudera lanyengo kumazizira. Pofika masika, nthawi zonse amabwerera kwawo.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe hule wakuda amapezeka. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe mbalame iyi imadya.
Kodi nyerere imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mbalame yotuwa ndi mbalame
Chakudya chachikulu ndi nsomba. M'mbuyomu, amakhulupirira kuti mbalame zimawononga zomera ndi zinyama, zikudya nsomba zambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, adawonongedwa ambiri. Komabe, lero zatsimikiziridwa kuti ntchentche, m'malo mwake, ndizopindulitsa, kuchotsa malo osungira nsomba omwe ali ndi tiziromboti.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti munthu aliyense m'moyo amakhala ndi njira yake yopezera chakudya. Nthawi zambiri, amalowa m'madzi ndipo, ataimirira ndi mwendo umodzi, amadikirira mwadzidzidzi mphindi yabwino kuti agwire chakudya. Anthu ena amatambasula mapiko awo, motero amatseketsa madziwo ndikuyang'anitsitsa zomwe zikuchitika pansi pa mapazi awo. Amadya mbalame zomwe zimangoyendayenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndikusaka nyama zawo.
Mbalameyo ikangoona nyama yake, nthawi yomweyo imatambasula khosi lake ndikuyigwira ndi thupi lake. Kenako ndi kuponya mwapompopompo amaponyera apo ndi kumeza. Ngati nyamayo ndi yayikulu, ndiye kuti mphalapala amagawa magawo ake. Mwa ichi amathandizidwanso kwambiri ndi mulomo wamphamvu, womwe umathyola mafupa ndikuphwanya nyama mosavuta.
Chakudya cha heron imvi:
- nkhono;
- nkhanu;
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba;
- amphibiya;
- madzi oyera;
- tizilombo tambiri;
- mbewa;
- makoswe amadzi;
- nyama zazing'ono;
- timadontho-timadontho.
Mimbulu imatha kuba nyama zina. Ngati malo okhala anthu ali pafupi, atha kudyetsa zinyalala kapena zopangidwa ndiulimi wa nsomba.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Grey heron akuthawa
Kutengera ndi nyengo, mbewa imatha kukhala moyo wosakhazikika kapena wokhalitsa. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala mdera la Russian Federation, Belarus, zimauluka nthawi zonse kupita kumayiko otentha ndikumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira yoyambilira. Izi ndichifukwa choti mbalameyo sidzatha kudzipezera chakudya pakagwa nyengo yozizira kwambiri.
Mbalamezi zimasamukira m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Mwa zina zochepa, ziwetozi zimaposa anthu mazana awiri. Panjira, anthu osungulumwa samapezeka. Akamauluka, zimauluka pamwamba kwambiri usana ndi usiku.
Akakhala mdera lawo lanthawi zonse, amakhala m'magulu, amakhala m'madela osiyana, ndikupanga zisa zingapo mdera laling'ono. Mbalame zimakonda kupanga magulu ndi mitundu ina ya adokowe, komanso mitundu ina ya mbalame - adokowe, ibises.
The heron heron sakugwira ntchito nthawi yake. Amatha kukhala otakataka kwambiri usana ndi usiku. Nthawi zambiri amakhala atadzuka komanso akusaka. Amakhalanso ndi nthawi yochuluka kutsuka nthenga zawo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Msuzi wamkulu wa imvi
Mbalame kufika msinkhu wogonana ali ndi zaka 1-2. Ndi mbalame yosakanikirana mwachilengedwe.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Nthawi yokhathamira, milomo ndi madera onse opanda thupi la nthenga amakhala ndi lalanje lowala kapena pinki. Khalidwe ili limadziwika ndi amuna ndi akazi omwe.
M'madera omwe nyengo imakhala yozizira, ndipo mbalame zimasamukira kumayiko otentha m'nyengo yozizira, amamanga zisa atangobwerera kwawo - kumapeto kwa Marichi, koyambirira kwa Epulo. M'mayiko ofunda, komwe sikufunika kuti mbalame zisamuke, sipakhala kutuluka komanso nyengo.
Ntchito yomanga chisa imayamba ndi munthu wamwamuna. Kenako amayitanitsa chachikazi kuti chithandizire: amatambasula mapiko ake, ndikuponyanso mutu wake kumbuyo kwake ndikupanga phokoso lakulira. Mkazi akafika kwa iye, amamuthamangitsa. Njirayi imabwerezedwa kangapo. Mwamuna akamalandira mkazi, pamapeto pake amapangidwa, omwe amapangira chisa. Nthawi zambiri imapezeka mumitengo yayitali, imakhala ndi kutalika kwa 50-70 sentimita, m'mimba mwake pakati pa 60-80 sentimita. Mbalame zimamangiriridwa modabwitsa ku chisa chawo ndipo amazigwiritsa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri ngati zingatheke.
Mkazi aliyense amaikira mazira 1 mpaka 8. Nthawi zambiri, pali 4-5 a iwo. Amaloza mbali zonse ziwiri ndipo amakhala obiliwira moyera. Zikaikira mazirawo, mbalamezo zimaswana pamodzi masiku 26-27. Anapiye amabadwa amaliseche osowa chochita. Nthenga zimayamba kukula kuyambira sabata lachiwiri la moyo wawo. Makolo mosiyanasiyana amadyetsa anapiye ndi chakudya, chomwe amachiyambiranso m'mimba mwawo. Kudyetsa kumachitika katatu patsiku. Anapiye ena amapeza chakudya chochepa. Poterepa, anapiye olimba komanso okulirapo amatenga chakudya kuchokera kwa ofooka, ndipo ofooka nthawi zambiri amafa.
Akwanitsa miyezi itatu, anapiyewo amayamba kukonzekera moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Amaphunzira kuuluka ndikudya chakudya cha achikulire. Kutalika kwa moyo wa mbalame pansi pazikhalidwe zabwino ndi zaka 17-20.
Adani achilengedwe a nsungu
Chithunzi: Grey heron m'chilengedwe
Msuzi wamtchire ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri yomwe mwachilengedwe imapatsidwa mlomo wakuthwa komanso wamphamvu kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, amatha kudziteteza kwa adani ambiri. Komabe, nthawi zambiri imakhala nyama ya zilombo zazikulu komanso zamphamvu.
Adani achilengedwe a mbewa yakuda:
- nkhandwe;
- nkhandwe;
- galu wa raccoon;
- madzi ndi makoswe amphibiya;
- mitundu yodya mbalame;
- chithaphwi;
- magpie.
Adani achilengedwe samangodya achikulire okha, komanso amawononga zisa, kudya anapiye ndi mazira a mbalame. Herons amakhalanso ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, makamaka majeremusi. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi moyo komanso chikhalidwe cha zakudya. Chakudya chachikulu ndi nsomba ndi nkhanu. Ndiwo omwe amanyamula tiziromboti tambiri. Mwa kuzidya, chimeza chimangokhala pakatikati pa tiziromboti tambiri.
Kuchepa kwa chiwerengerochi kumathandizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa anapiye mchaka choyamba. Ndi 35% yokha. Kuyambira chaka chachiwiri, kufa kwa mbalame kumayamba kuchepa pang'ono. Komanso, anthu ali m'gulu la adani akuluakulu komanso odziwika bwino a heron imvi. Ntchito zake zimabweretsa kuipitsa malo achilengedwe, chifukwa chake mbalame imafa. Mankhwala amaipitsa madambo ndi madera amadzi omwe amakhala.
Chifukwa china chochepetsera kuchuluka kwa mbalame ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Kasupe wozizira, wokhalitsa komanso chipale chofewa komanso kugwa kwamvula kumathandizanso kuti mbalame zife, zomwe sizoyenera kukhala m'malo otere.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kodi msipu wofiira umawoneka bwanji
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi chachikulu pafupifupi pafupifupi zigawo zonse zomwe amakhala. Mbalameyi imapezeka kwambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Malinga ndi International Association for the Conservation of Animals, kuchuluka kwa mbewa yakuda sikubweretsa nkhawa iliyonse. Pofika mu 2005, chiwerengero cha mbalameyi chinali pakati pa anthu 750,000 mpaka 3,500,000. Anthu ambiri amakhala ku Russia, Belarus, China ndi Japan.
Kuyambira mu 2005, pafupifupi 155 - 185 zikwi ziwiri za mbalamezi ankakhala m'maiko aku Europe. Ku Central Europe, mbalame yotchedwa heronia ndi mbalame yokhayo yomwe yatsala. Nthawi yomweyo, pa gawo la Chitaganya anali pafupifupi 30-70 zikwi awiriawiri. Akatswiri a Zoologist adazindikira chizolowezi chowonjezeka cha kuchuluka kwa anthu mdziko lino. Komabe, m'madera ena a Russia, chiwonetsero cha oimira adokowe chatsika kwambiri. Maderawa akuphatikizapo Yakutia, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk Territory, Kemerovo, Tomsk, Nizhny Novgorod.
Mbalameyi imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ukhondo wa chilengedwe, chifukwa chake izi zimawononga kuchuluka kwake m'malo ena. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochuluka kwambiri ophera tizilombo kwachititsa kuti mbalame zichepe pafupi ndi malo opangira mafakitale ndi ulimi, komwe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndikofala. Kudula mitengo kumakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa mbalame.
Msuzi wachitsamba - imodzi mwa mbalame zokongola kwambiri. Iye wakhala chizindikiro cha madera ambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yazizindikiro zadziko. Mbalame zimakhala zomasuka m'dera lamapaki ndi nkhokwe, momwe amakhalanso ambiri.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 07/29/2019
Tsiku losintha: 03/23/2020 ku 23:15
