Wokwera masamba wowopsa Ndi amodzi mwa achule ang'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ili ndi utoto wowala ndipo imangokhala m'nkhalango zotentha zokha. Chokwawa cha masambawo chimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizisiyana ndi achule ena. Komanso, cholengedwa ichi chidalandira dzina "lowopsa" pazifukwa.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Wokwera masamba wowopsa
Wokwera masamba wowopsa sanatchulidwe mwangozi - chule wamng'onoyu ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zoyipa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Poizoni wake ndi batrachotoxin, womwe umafooketsa mwachangu ziwalo zopumira ndi mtima. Chule ndi amtundu wa achule okwera masamba, kubanja la achule oyimba. Mtundu wa omwe amakwera masamba amadziwika ndi zikhalidwe zake zakupha. Mmodzi wodula masamba amatha kupanga ma micrograms 500 a poizoni patsiku, zomwe ndizochulukirapo, potengera kukula kwakanthawi kwa omwe akuyimira mtunduwo.
Chosangalatsa: Zambiri mwazinthu zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi poyizoni uyu zimapangidwa chifukwa cha chakudya cha achulewa, chifukwa chake ali mu ukapolo, mwina amataya kawopsedwe kawo.
Achule amakhala ndi ntchofu, zomwe zimatha kulowa m'khungu ndikuwononga. Pokhudzana ndi khungu, poyizoniyo amadzetsa imfa kapena amatha kuyambitsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito yamapweya. Ikafika pachimake, m'mimba kapena magazi, poyizoni amachita nthawi yomweyo. Mukakumana ndi chule wotere, muyenera kusamba m'manja. Achule onse amtunduwu amakhala ndi mtundu wowala, wochenjeza.
Chifukwa cha mtundu uwu, iwo:
- kubisala m'nkhalango yamvula pakati pazomera zobiriwira, maluwa ndi zipatso;
- achenjeze nyama zazikuluzikulu zomwe zitha kupha chule kuti ndi zakupha, ndipo kufa kwake kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zakufa kwa nyamayo.
Wokwera masamba wowopsa ndi wa banja la achule amphaka. Mosiyana ndi dzinalo, sangakhale m'mitengo mokha, komanso m'minda, malo okhala, malo odyetserako ziweto ndi minda. Achule am'banja amakonda nyengo yotentha, ngakhale samakhala m'madzi kapena pafupi ndi magwero akulu amadzi. Chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wowala, oimira achule achule samatha mantha. Amagwira ntchito masana okha ndipo amagona mnyumba zawo usiku.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chule ndiwokwera masamba kwambiri
Wokwera masamba wowopsa ndi m'modzi mwazing'ono kwambiri m'banjamo. Kukula kwake kwakukulu kumafika masentimita 4. Mtundu wa chule ndi acidic, wowala: wachikasu, wobiriwira wobiriwira, wobiriwira wobiriwira, lalanje, m'malire ofiira. Anthu oyera oyera nthawi zina amawoneka.
Sizingakhale zovuta kuti nyama zolusa zizindikire chule wotero pabwalo, koma wokwera masamba ndi mtundu wake amachenjeza za poyizoni wake. Nthawi zina achule amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kumiyendo yakutsogolo ndikumutu pafupi ndi maso. Ngati chuleyu ndi wokalamba kale, matupi ake akuda amitundu yosiyanasiyana amatha kuwonekera pathupi pake.
Kanema: Wokwera masamba wowopsa
Mimba ndi gawo lamkati la zikopa za wokwera masamba ndizopepuka kuposa thupi, ndipo nthawi zina mthunzi umafika poyera. Maso ndi akulu, akuda, omwe amakhala pambali pa mutu ndikututumuka pang'ono. Mphuno zazing'ono kumapeto kwa mphuno zimawonekera bwino.
Zala za wochita kukwera mwamantha zilibe nembanemba, zomwe zimalepheretsa wokwerayo kusambira. Koma kumapeto kwa chala chilichonse pali chisindikizo chozungulira - makapu oyamwa, mothandizidwa ndi momwe chule amasunthira pamtunda. Zonsezi, okwera masamba owopsa ali ndi zala zinayi zazitali. Nthawi zina amakhala ndi mabala akuda kapena amakhala ndi mthunzi wakuda kuposa thupi lonse la munthu.
Popanga phokoso, okwera masamba, monga achule ambiri, amakopa thumba la m'mawere. Pakhungu la wokwera masamba wowopsa, mutha kuwona bwino ma pores omwe amatulutsa poyizoni - chule chonsecho chimakutidwa ndi ntchofu zakupha. Poizoniyu sawononga achulewo, komanso anthu ena am'banjali komanso mtundu wawo.
Kodi wokwera masamba wowopsa amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Wokwera masamba wowopsa kumadera otentha
Awa ndi achule otentha omwe amakhala makamaka kumwera ndi kumadzulo kwa Colombia. Amakonda nkhalango zowirira zokhala ndi masamba ambiri. Amakhala kumunsi kwenikweni kwa madera otentha - muudzu, maluwa, m'mizu ya mitengo ndi zomera.
Amphibian awa amatha kuwoneka m'malo otsatirawa:
- South ndi Central America;
- Panama;
- Costa Rica;
- Nicaragua.
Wokwera masamba wowopsa samadzipangira malo okhazikika - usiku amadzipezera nyumba yatsopano. Nthawi zambiri amakhala usiku wonse pansi pa masamba obiriwira, mizu, pansi ndi miyala yonyowa, ndikubowola nthaka yonyowa. Amawonekeranso akubisala muudzu ndi m'ming'alu ya mitengo, miyala ndi nthaka.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri ya achule, okwera masamba si mbalame zam'madzi, ngakhale amafunikira chinyezi. Samakhala pafupi ndi madzi, amapewa mitsinje komanso mitsinje. Izi zitha kulungamitsidwa ndi kukula kwake, chifukwa mtsinje uliwonse wamadzi umatha kumiza munthu wocheperako. Koma okwera masamba amafunika chinyezi, chifukwa chake amakonda kukhala pamalo omwe pamakhala wowonjezera kutentha, komanso amasambira m'madontho akuluakulu kapena madontho amvula.
Kuyambira mvula yamkuntho, achule amabisala kumtunda kwa mitengo, kubisala kumbuyo kwa masamba otambalala kapena ming'alu yamakungwa amitengo.
Chosangalatsa: Mitundu yakomweko imagwiritsa ntchito poyizoni wa chule poizoni mivi.
Anthu okwera masamba owopsa ndi omwe amakhala m'malo omwe amasamala kwambiri malire kuchokera kwa amuna kapena akazi anzawo. Tsopano mukudziwa kumene chule woopsa wokwera masamba amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe amphibiya amadya.
Kodi wokwera masamba wowopsa amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Poizoni wokwera pamasamba
Anthu okwera masamba owopsa ndi zolengedwa zolusa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kagayidwe kake kagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachangu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, masiku atatu a njala, omwe nthawi zambiri amawazindikira ndi achule ena, amatha kupha crawler. Nthawi zonse amafunika kudyetsedwa, m'mimba mwake muyenera kukhala ndi chakudya chosagaya.
Chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha okwera masamba owopsa chimaphatikizapo:
- nyerere, kuphatikizapo poizoni;
- kafadala kakang'ono;
- nkhupakupa;
- ziwala;
- ntchentche;
- akangaude ang'onoang'ono;
- njenjete;
- masika;
- nsabwe zamatabwa.
Lilime la okwera masamba silitali kwambiri - ndi pafupifupi kutalika kwa thupi la chule. Amazindikira kusuntha kocheperako ndipo ndi osaka kuleza mtima kwambiri. Wobisika pamalo obisika, wokwera masamba amazindikira wovutikayo ndikumulola kuti abwere pafupi momwe angathere. Kenako amatulutsa lilime lake lalitali, lokakamira, ndikugwira nyamayo ndikudya pomwepo. Mapiko okwera pama Leaf amadyetsa zakudya zamasamba ndi zinyalala. Amathanso kudya mazira a zamoyo zina za m'madzi. Wokwera masamba wowopsa nthawi zambiri amakwezedwa ngati chiweto. Poterepa, achule amadyetsedwa kawiri patsiku: m'mawa ndi madzulo, komanso ku terrarium, nyama ziyenera kupezeka kuti wokwera masamba azitha kumamwa nthawi iliyonse.
Zakudya za okwera masamba azinyumba nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo:
- collembula (nyamakazi yaying'ono, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya);
- mphutsi zamagazi;
- akangaude;
- nsabwe zamatabwa;
- opanga mapaipi;
- ntchentche za zipatso.
Zakudya zoterezi zimachepetsa poizoni wa achule, kuwapangitsa kuti asakhale owopsa kuti asungidwe.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Wokwera masamba wowopsa kuchokera ku Red Book
Mwambiri, wokwera masamba wowopsa siowopsa kwenikweni - samaukira koyamba ndipo amakhala owopsa okhawo omwe amawaukira mwadala. Amuna ndi akazi samasiyana kwakunja kwakugonana, koma ndi osiyana machitidwe. Amuna amamenya nkhondo wina ndi mnzake. Wokwera masamba aliyense wamwamuna amakhala ndi malo akeawo, pomwe azimayi atatu mpaka khumi amakhala. Amuna amphongo ndi akazi awa, amawateteza ku kulowerera kwa amuna ena.
Ngati wina wamwamuna awonekera pafupi, ndiye mwiniwake wa tsambalo amayamba kuwonetsa luso lake: amafuula mwamphamvu, ndikulira kwake ndikofanana ndi mbalame. Amuna awiri amatha kukhala moyandikana kwa maola ambiri ndikufuula mwamphamvu. Kawirikawiri zimabwera pakumenyana - amuna amatha kulumphana, komanso kumenyedwa ndi makoko awo - izi zikufanana ndi kulimbirana kwaulere. Mwamuna yemwe amabwera akapambana, amathamangitsa mwini gawolo ndikudzitengera malowa pamodzi ndi akazi azimayi.
Nthawi zina akazi amatha kuchita nkhanza kwa anzawo - chifukwa cha khalidweli sichinadziwikebe. Amathanso kukalilirana kapena kulimbana, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala amtendere. Akazi amayenda modekha pamalo atsamba lamamuna ndipo amatha kupita kumalo ena m'malo ena osagwiritsa ntchito ana popanda zotsatira. Ngakhale moyo amakhala mderalo, anthu okhala pachokwera masamba owopsa amakhala mosiyana. Alibe malo ogona wamba, samasaka limodzi, komanso alibe olamulira ena.
Munthu aliyense amakhala tsiku lonse akusaka - amadikirira tizilombo tomwe timabisalira. Usiku, amapita kumalo obisalako - izi zitha kulungamitsidwa ndikuti usiku odyetsa anzawo sangasiyanitse mtundu wowala wa chule ndikudya, zomwe zingakhale zoyipa kwa onse. Kunyumba, wokwera masamba wowopsa amathanso kukhala m'magulu azimayi angapo kapena amuna okhala ndi akazi. Amamva bwino mu terrarium ndipo amaswana mosavuta.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Wokwera masamba wowopsa
Anthu okwera masamba owopsa amakhala ndi njira yachilendo yotha msinkhu - zimatengera kukula kwa chule, osati msinkhu wake. Pofuna kuyamba kubereka ana, chachimuna chimayenera kutalika osachepera 3, 7 cm, ndipo chachikazi - masentimita 4. Amphibiya amenewa amakhala ndi nyengo yokhwima, yomwe imagwera nthawi yamvula - ndi nthawi yomwe achule amasochera m'magulu akulu pansi pa masamba ndi khungwa mitengo yobisala ku madontho.
Chosangalatsa: Wokwera masamba wowopsa amabadwa wopanda poizoni, ndipo kokha ndi zaka, kudzera mu chakudya, amapeza zinthu zomwe zimaloleza kupanga poizoni.
Amuna amadzaza akazi onse azimayi panthawiyi. Feteleza imachitika mukamaikira mazira, omwe amakhala m'malo onyowa pansi pa miyala kapena masamba. Nthawi zambiri, akazi amasankha masamba a bromeliad kuti awagone. Palibe mazira ambiri - zidutswa pafupifupi 15-30 zokha, motero pafupifupi achule onse amapulumuka.
Mkaziyo amasiya zowalamulira atangobereka, nkuzisiya zaimuna. Yaimuna imayang'anitsitsa kangapo nthawi imodzi, ndikubisa mazirawo munthaka yonyowa ndikuwateteza kuti asalowerere. Nthawi zina amasakanikirana ndi caviar kuti chinyezicho chigawidwe mofanana.
Pambuyo pa tadpoles, wamphongo amazisonkhanitsa kumbuyo kwake - amam'mamatira mothandizidwa ndi ntchofu ndikukhala mmenemo kwakanthawi, kudya zinthu zobisika ndi khungu lamphongo. Komanso, achule amtsogolo amadyetsa zotsalira za dzira la dzira. Sili pachiwopsezo chilichonse pamsana pa abambo awo, chifukwa chake amakhala kwa sabata limodzi.
Akalulu amatha kukhala m'madzi, koma kumeneko amakonda kuukirana ndikudya abale. Pambuyo pa milungu iwiri, amakhala achule athunthu. Sidziwika kuti ndi angati okwera masamba omwe amakhala kuthengo, koma ali mu ukapolo ndikusamalidwa bwino, amakhala zaka khumi.
Adani achilengedwe a okwera masamba owopsa
Chithunzi: Chule ndiwokwera masamba kwambiri
Wokwera masamba wowopsa alibe mdani wachilengedwe. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake, nyama zolusa zimakonda kupitirira amphibian pambali, chifukwa pamiyeso yazachilengedwe amamvetsetsa kuti mtundu wowala ndi chizindikiro cha ngozi. Chifukwa chake, wokwera masamba amakhala, akumakopa dala nyama zolusa osati kubisala m'malo obisika.
Koma nthawi zina zolusa zotsatirazi zimadya pachokwera masamba wowopsa:
- njoka zapoizoni ndi abuluzi, makamaka usiku. Samasiyanitsa mitundu, chifukwa chake amatha kumenyana ndi wokwera masamba osazindikira kumvetsetsa kwake;
- akangaude akulu. Anthu okwera Masamba, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwawo, amatha kulowa pa intaneti, pomwe sangathe kutulukamo. Akangaude owopsa nawonso ali pachiwopsezo cha poizoni wa chule, chifukwa chake anthu onse amatha kufa;
- mbalame zazing'ono, makamaka usiku.
Nthawi zambiri, tadpoles amaukiridwa - m'mitsinje ndi posungira amadyedwa ndi nsomba, mbalame zapakatikati, abuluzi, akangaude ndi njoka. Tadpoles alibe poyizoni, chifukwa chake ndi chakudya chokoma kwa oimira nyama zakutentha.
Wokwera masamba wowopsa samakhala moyo wachinsinsi - chifukwa cha utoto wake wowoneka bwino, amatha kuwona kutali, makamaka amphibiya atakhala pakhungwa lamdima lamtengo. Wokwera masamba akagwidwa ndi chilombo kapena mbalame, amayamba kunyinyirika. Samathawa kapena kubisala; m'malo mwake, wokwera masamba wowopsya mwachangu amasunthira kwa womutsutsayo ndikufuula. Monga lamulo, khalidweli limabala chipatso - chilombocho chimachotsedwa mwachangu, chifukwa kulumikizana ndi crawler yamasamba, yomwe imangoyenda molimbana ndi mdani, imapha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Poizoni wokwera pamasamba
Anthu okwera masamba a Leaf ali pafupi ndi chiopsezo. Pali zifukwa zingapo izi. Mwachitsanzo - kudula mitengo mwachisawawa. Madera a nkhalango yamvula amakonzedwa mwakhama ndi anthu, ndipo izi zimawononga malo achilengedwe a okwera masamba owopsa. Pamodzi ndi nkhalango, chiwonongeko cha mitundu yomwe masambawa amadyetsa amadyetsa. Ngakhale kusala kudya kwamasiku atatu kumawononga amphibiyani, koma amangokhala opanda chakudya chokwanira.
Komanso, kusintha kwa nyengo - kusowa kwa mvula, kuzizira kwadzidzidzi ndikutentha ndikoyipa kwa omwe akukwera masamba owopsa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha pang'ono. Zachidziwikire, kuwonongeka kwa zachilengedwe - okwera masamba amakhudzidwa ndi zinyalala zopanga.
Kubalana kwa mitundu yankhanza monga akangaude, njoka ndi abuluzi. Chifukwa chosowa zakudya zina, amayamba kuwukira anthu okwera masamba owopsa, zomwe zimabweretsa chisokonezo cha anthu mbali zonse ziwiri. Pali kukana kubereka. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chakudya komanso malo osakhazikika, okwera masamba amanyalanyaza nyengo yamvula komanso nyengo yokhwima, zomwe zimakhudzanso anthu.
Kugwira okwera masamba ngati ziweto. Izi sizowopsa kwa anthu, chifukwa mu terrarium, okwera masamba owopsa amakhala nthawi yayitali ndikuberekana, komabe, kulanda achikulire nthawi zambiri kumawapangitsa kuputa anthu ndipo, chifukwa chake, achule oterewa siabwino kukhala kunyumba.
Kuteteza wokwera masamba wovuta
Chithunzi: Wokwera masamba wowopsa kuchokera ku Red Book
Wokwera masamba wowopsa, limodzi ndi achule ena a poizoni, adalembedwa mu Red Book yapadziko lonse lapansi ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi.
Njira zazikulu zothanirana ndi kutha kwa mitunduyi ndi izi:
- kugwira anthu achamba chonyansa ndikusunthira kumadera otetezedwa, nkhokwe;
- kubzala okwera masamba m'malo osungira nyama ndi kunyumba ndi oweta ndi cholinga chopititsiranso anthu kuthengo;
- kuwongolera kwazinyama zomwe zingaopseze wokwera masamba wowopsa;
- kutenga njira zowonongera kapena kupondereza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi zinthu zina zoyipa pakukula kwa mbewu. Zimasokoneza moyo wamitundu yambiri yazinyama, kuphatikiza kukwera kwamasamba kowopsa.
Palibe njira zambiri zomwe zingatengedwe, chifukwa kudula mitengo mwachisawawa komanso kusintha kwa nyengo ndizosatheka kapena ndizovuta kwambiri kupewa. Pakadali pano, asayansi akuphunzira momwe moyo wa achulewo ungathere kuti athe kusintha malo okhala mtsogolo. Izi zithandizira okwera masamba owopsa kuti apititsidwe kumadera ena komwe kulibe chowopseza.
Wokwera masamba wowopsa - cholengedwa chodabwitsa. Ngakhale kuti ali m'gulu la zolengedwa zoopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi, ali oyenera kukhala pakhomo. Okwera masamba akunyumba amakhala mwamtendere kwa anthu, ndipo chifukwa cha ukapolo, anthu awo amakhalabe okhazikika.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 22.07.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/29/2019 pa 18:59
