Mtsinje wa Nile anali ndi ulemu waukulu pakati pa Aigupto akale, komanso, amalambira nyama izi ndikuzimangira zipilala. Lero, chokwawa chimagwira gawo lofunikira pamoyo ndi m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu akumwera kwa Africa. Nthawi zambiri nyama ya buluzi imadyedwa, ndipo chikopa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nsapato. Abuluzi amasakidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mizere komanso ndowe, ndipo zidutswa za nsomba, nyama, zipatso zimakhala ngati nyambo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Nile Monitor
The Nile Monitor (Lacerta Monitor) idafotokozedwa koyamba mwatsatanetsatane mu 1766 ndi katswiri wodziwika bwino wazanyama Carl Linnaeus. Malinga ndi mtundu wamakono, chokwawa ndi cha dongosolo lamankhwala amtundu wa Varany. Woyang'anira Nile amakhala m'chigawo chapakati ndi chakumwera cha kontinenti ya Africa, kuphatikiza Central Egypt (m'mbali mwa Nile River) ndi Sudan. Wachibale wake wapafupi ndi steppe monitor lizard (Varanus exanthematicus).
Kanema: Nile Monitor
Umenewu ndi mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa abuluzi owunika, komanso ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimakonda kwambiri ku Africa. Malinga ndi akatswiri a zooge, buluzi wowona Nile adayamba kufalikira kudera lonseli zaka zambiri zapitazo kuchokera kudera la Palestine ndi Jordan, komwe zotsalira zake zakale kwambiri zidapezeka.
Mtundu wa abuluzi owonera amatha kukhala otuwa mdima kapena wakuda, ndipo utali wakuda, utoto wake umakhala wocheperako. Zitsanzo ndi madontho achikasu owala zimamwazika kumbuyo, mchira ndi miyendo yakumtunda. Mimba ya buluziyo ndi yopepuka - yachikaso mumtundu wakuda kwambiri. Thupi la reptile palokha ndilolimba kwambiri, lamphamvu kwambiri ndipo lili ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu kwambiri, zokhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali zomwe zimalola nyama kukumba pansi, kukwera mitengo bwino, kusaka, kuphwanyaphwanya nyama ndi kuteteza adani.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Great Nile Monitor
Monga tanenera kale, achinyamata amtunduwu amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda poyerekeza ndi abuluzi owonera akuluakulu. Titha kunena kuti ali pafupifupi akuda, okhala ndi mikwingwirima yowoneka bwino yachikaso yaying'ono komanso yayikulu yozungulira. Pamutu pake, ali ndi mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi timtundu tachikasu. Abuluzi owonera akalulu ndi abulawuni wobiriwira kapena wamitengo ya azitona wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyenda yamawangamawanga achikaso kuposa ana.
Chokwawa chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi madzi, chifukwa chake chimakonda kukhala m'mphepete mwa malo osungira zachilengedwe, omwe samachotsedwa kawirikawiri. Buluzi woyang'anira akakhala pachiwopsezo, sathawathawa, koma nthawi zambiri amayerekezera kuti wamwalira ndipo akhoza kukhala motere kwanthawi yayitali.
Thupi la abuluzi oyang'anira Nile akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amakhala 200-230 cm kutalika, pafupifupi theka la kutalika kumagwera kumchira. Zitsanzo zazikulu kwambiri zimalemera pafupifupi 20 kg.
Lilime la buluzi ndi lalitali, lopatukana pamapeto pake, lokhala ndi zofukizira zambiri. Pofuna kuthandizira kupuma posambira, mphuno zake zimakhala pamwamba pamphuno. Mano a achinyamata amakhala akuthwa kwambiri, koma amakhala opanda tanthauzo pakukalamba. Onetsetsani abuluzi amakhala kuthengo nthawi zambiri osapitilira zaka 10-15, ndipo m'malo omwe amakhala pafupi zaka zawo sizipitilira zaka 8.
Kodi buluzi wa Nile amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Monitor Nile ku Africa
Dziko lakwawo la abuluzi oyang'anira Nile amadziwika kuti ndi malo omwe pali madzi okhazikika, komanso:
- nkhalango zamvula;
- chipululu;
- chitsamba;
- msipu;
- madambo;
- kunja kwa zipululu.
Onetsetsani abuluzi akumva bwino paminda yolimidwa pafupi ndi midzi, ngati sangayitsatire kumeneko. Sakhala pamwamba pamapiri, koma nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamtunda wa 2 zikwi mita kupitirira nyanja.
Malo okhala Nile oyang'anira abuluzi amayambira kumtunda kwa Nile kudera lonse la Africa kupatula Sahara, zipululu zazing'ono ku Namibia, Somalia, Botswana, South Africa. M'nkhalango zotentha za ku Central ndi West Africa, mwanjira ina imadutsana ndi mitundu yambiri ya buluzi (Varanus ornatus).
Osati kale kwambiri, kumapeto kwa zaka za makumi awiri, Nile yowunika abuluzi anapezeka ku Florida (USA), ndipo kale mu 2008 - ku California ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Miami. Mwachidziwikire, abuluzi omwe ali m'malo achilendo kwa iwo adamasulidwa mwangozi - chifukwa cha vuto la okonda nyama zosasamala komanso zosasamala. Onetsetsani abuluzi mwachangu mikhalidwe yatsopanoyo ndikuyamba kusokoneza chilengedwe chomwe chidakhazikitsidwa kale, ndikuwononga mazira a ng'ona ndikudya ana awo omwe angoswedwa kumene.
Kodi Nile monitor monitor buluzi amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nile amayang'anira buluzi m'chilengedwe
Abuluzi owonerera mitsinje ya Nailo ndi nyama zolusa, kotero amatha kusaka nyama zilizonse zomwe zingathe kupirira nazo. Kutengera dera, zaka komanso nthawi yayitali, zakudya zawo zimatha kusiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yamvula, makamaka ma mollusc, crustaceans, amphibians, mbalame, makoswe ang'onoang'ono. M'nyengo yadzuwa, nyama zakufa zimapezeka pamenyu. Zadziwika kuti kuwunika abuluzi nthawi zambiri kumachimwa ndi kudya anzawo, koma izi sizoyenera kwa achinyamata, koma kwa akulu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ululu wa njoka siowopsa kwa zokwawa izi, chifukwa chake zimasaka njoka.
Achinyamata oyang'anira abuluzi amakonda kudya ma molluscs ndi crustaceans, ndipo oyang'anira akale amakonda kudya nyamakazi. Chakudya chimenechi sichimangochitika mwangozi - chimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa msinkhu pakupanga mano, chifukwa pazaka zambiri amakhala okulirapo, okulirapo komanso osawongoka.
Nthawi yamvula ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri kuti owonera Nile apeze chakudya. Pakadali pano, amasaka mwachidwi m'madzi komanso pamtunda. Pakakhala chilala, abuluzi nthawi zambiri amadikirira nyama zomwe angathe kuzidya pafupi ndi malo othirirapo kapena amangodya nyama zowola zosiyanasiyana.
Chosangalatsa: Izi zimachitika kuti abuluzi awiri oyang'anira amalumikizana palimodzi posaka. Udindo wa m'modzi wa iwo ndikusokoneza chidwi cha ng'ona yoyang'anira ndodo yake, udindo wa winayo ndikuwononga mwachisa chisa ndikuthawa ndi mazira m'mano mwake. Makhalidwe ofananawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira abuluzi powononga zisa za mbalame.
Tsopano mukudziwa kudyetsa buluzi wa Nile. Tiyeni tiwone momwe akukhalira kuthengo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nile Monitor
Abuluzi owonerera mitsinje ndi osaka bwino, zokwawa, othamanga komanso osiyanasiyana. Achinyamata akukwera ndikuthamanga bwino kwambiri kuposa anzawo achikulire. Buluzi wamkulu patali pang’ono amatha msanga munthu. Akamayang'anitsitsa abuluzi, nthawi zambiri amafunafuna chipulumutso m'madzi.
Mwachilengedwe, abuluzi oyang'anira Nile amatha kukhala pansi pamadzi ola limodzi kapena kupitilira apo. Kuyesanso kofananako ndi zokwawa zomwe zakhala muukapolo kwawonetsa kuti kumizidwa kwawo m'madzi sikupitilira theka la ola. Pakusambira, abuluzi amachepetsa kwambiri kuthamanga kwa mtima komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Zinyama nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosintha nthawi yausiku, ndipo usiku, makamaka kukazizira, zimabisala m'miyulu ndi m'mapanga. Nthawi yotentha, kuwunika abuluzi kumatha kukhala panja, kuzizira m'madzi, kumizidwa theka, kapena kugona panthambi za mitengo yakuda. Monga malo okhalamo, zokwawa zimagwiritsa ntchito maenje okonzedwa bwino komanso kukumba maenje ndi manja awo. Kwenikweni, malo abuluzi (ma burrows) amakhala munthawi yopanda mchenga komanso mchenga.
Chosangalatsa: Dzenje la abuluzi limakhala ndi magawo awiri: khonde lalitali (6-7 m) ndi chipinda chochezera chokwanira.
Abuluzi owonerera mitsinje ya Nailo amagwira ntchito kwambiri masana komanso m'maola angapo oyamba masana. Amakonda kutentha kwa dzuwa m'malo osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri amatha kuwonekera padzuwa atagona pamiyala, panthambi zamitengo, m'madzi.
Amuna amayang'anira ziwembu za 50-60 zikwi mita. m, ndi 15 mita lalikulu ma mita ndikwanira akazi. M. Osaswedwa kuchokera kumazira, amuna amayamba kuchokera pamalo ochepera kwambiri a 30 mita mita. m, zomwe amakula akamakula. Malire a malo abuluzi nthawi zambiri amadutsana, koma izi sizimayambitsa mikangano, chifukwa madera wamba amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Monitor ya Nile ya Ana
Zinyama zimakula msinkhu wa zaka 3-4. Chiyambi cha nyengo yokhwima ya abuluzi oyang'anira Nile nthawi zonse imakhala kumapeto kwa nyengo yamvula. Kummwera kwa Africa, izi zimachitika kuyambira Marichi mpaka Meyi, komanso kumadzulo, kuyambira Seputembara mpaka Novembala.
Kuti apeze ufulu wopitiliza kuthamanga, amuna okhwima ogonana amakonzekera ndewu zamiyambo. Poyamba amayang'anizana kwa nthawi yayitali, osalimbana, ndiyeno nthawi ina yemwe ndi wabwino kwambiri amalumphira kumsana kwa wolimbana naye ndipo mwamphamvu zake zonse amamukankhira pansi. Amuna ogonjetsedwa amasiya, ndipo opambana amakwatirana ndi akazi.
Pazisa zawo, akazi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito milu ya chiswe yomwe ili pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Amazikumba mosadziletsa, amaikira mazira awo pamenepo muyezo wa 2-3 ndipo salinso ndi chidwi ndi tsogolo la ana awo amtsogolo. Chiswe chimakonza chiwonongeko ndipo mazira amapsa pa kutentha koyenera.
Chosangalatsa: Clutch imodzi, kutengera kukula ndi zaka zazimayi, imatha kukhala ndi mazira 5-60.
Nthawi yokwanira kuyang'anira mazira abuluzi imatenga miyezi 3 mpaka 6. Kutalika kwake kumadalira chilengedwe. Abuluzi omwe aswedwa kumene amakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi masentimita 30 ndi kulemera kwa pafupifupi 30 g.Mndandanda wa ana poyamba amakhala ndi tizilombo, amphibiya, slugs, koma pang'onopang'ono, akamakula, amayamba kusaka nyama zazikulu.
Adani achilengedwe a Nile amayang'anira abuluzi
Chithunzi: Monitor Nile ku Africa
Adani achilengedwe a abuluzi oyang'anira Nile amatha kuganiziridwa:
- mbalame zodya (hawk, falcon, chiwombankhanga);
- mongooses;
- mamba.
Popeza kuti abuluzi amatetezedwa ngakhale ndi ululu wa njoka wamphamvu kwambiri, mamba nthawi zambiri amatembenuka kuchoka kwa mdani kupita kukadyedwa ndipo amadyedwa mosamala kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira.
Komanso poyang'anira abuluzi amtunduwu, makamaka pakukula kwachinyamata, ng'ona za Nile nthawi zambiri zimasaka. Anthu okalamba, mwachidziwikire chifukwa cha zomwe adakumana nazo pamoyo wawo, samakonda kukumana ndi ng'ona. Kuphatikiza pa kusaka, ng'ona nthawi zambiri zimayenda m'njira yosavuta - zimawononga zibangiri zamazira oyang'anira abuluzi.
Pofuna kuteteza adani ambiri, Nile amayang'anira abuluzi sikuti amangogwiritsa ntchito miyendo ndi mano akuthwa, koma mchira wawo wautali komanso wolimba. Okalamba amatha kuona zipsera zakuya komanso zamisala pamchira, posonyeza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake ngati chikwapu.
Palinso nthawi zambiri pamene mbalame zodya nyama, zitagwira buluzi wosachita bwino (kusiya mutu wawo kapena mchira wopanda), zimasandulika. Ngakhale, atagwa kuchokera kutalika kwambiri pankhondoyi, mlenjeyo ndi womuzunza nthawi zambiri amafa, pambuyo pake amakhala chakudya cha nyama zina zomwe sizinyansitsa zovunda, motero amatenga nawo gawo pazamoyo zachilengedwe.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Nile amayang'anira buluzi m'chilengedwe
Monga tanenera kale, abuluzi oyang'anira Nile pakati pa anthu aku Africa nthawi zonse amawerengedwa kuti ndiopatulika, oyenera kupembedzedwa ndikumanga zipilala. Komabe, izi sizinalepherepo ndipo sizilepheretsa anthu kuti asawawononge.
Nyama ndi khungu la buluzi wowunika ndizofunika kwambiri kwa nzika zaku Africa. Chifukwa cha umphawi, ochepa mwa iwo sangakwanitse kugula nkhumba, ng'ombe komanso nkhuku. Chifukwa chake muyenera kusiyanitsa mndandanda wazomwe mungakwanitse kugula - nyama ya buluzi. Kukoma kwake kumafanana kwambiri ndi nkhuku, komanso kumakhala ndi thanzi labwino.
Khungu la buluzi ndi lamphamvu kwambiri komanso lokongola kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, nsapato, zikwama ndi zina. Kuphatikiza pa khungu ndi nyama, ziwalo zamkati mwa buluziyu ndizofunika kwambiri, zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asing'anga pochita ziwembu ndikuchiza pafupifupi matenda onse. Ku America, komwe abuluzi oyang'anira adachokera ku kuseweredwa kwa okonda zosowa, zinthu zidasinthidwa - kuchuluka kwa anthu mwachangu kudalembedwa, popeza sizolowera kuwasaka kumeneko.
M'zaka khumi zoyambirira za 2000 kumpoto kwa Kenya, kuchuluka kwa oyang'anira 40-60 kudalembedwa pa kilomita imodzi. Kudera la Ghana, komwe mitunduyi imatetezedwa mosamalitsa, kuchuluka kwa anthu kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Kudera la Nyanja ya Chad, kuyang'anira abuluzi sikutetezedwa, kuwasaka amaloledwa, koma nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa anthu m'derali ndikoposa Kenya.
Nile amayang'anira abuluzi
Chithunzi: Kuwunika kwa Nile kuchokera ku Red Book
M'zaka zapitazi, abuluzi a Nile adawonongedwa mwachangu komanso mosalamulirika. M'chaka chimodzi chokha, zikopa pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni zidakumbidwa, zomwe zidagulitsidwa ndi anthu osauka am'deralo kwa azungu opondereza popanda chilichonse ndipo amatumizidwanso kunja kwa Africa mosalamulirika. M'zaka zapitazi, chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa anthu komanso ntchito yayikulu yamabungwe oteteza zachilengedwe, zinthu zasintha kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa chokhazikitsa njira zosungira, abuluzi adayamba kuchira.
Ngati mukuganiza kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndiye kuti buluzi woyang'anira Nile sangatchedwe nyama yosawerengeka, chifukwa amadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri yowunika buluzi mdziko lonse la Africa ndipo amakhala kumeneko pafupifupi kulikonse, kupatula zipululu ndi madera amapiri. Komabe, m'maiko ena aku Africa, mwina chifukwa cha moyo wa anthu, momwe zinthu ziliri ndi abuluzi owonera ndizosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, m'maiko osauka a ku Africa, kuchuluka kwa anthu sikupulumuka ndipo nyama yowonera abuluzi ndi gawo lofunikira pakudya kwawo. M'mayiko olemera, kuwunika abuluzi sikusakidwa konse, chifukwa chake, safuna njira zodzitetezera kumeneko.
Chosangalatsa: Abuluzi owonera mumtsinje wa Nailo ali ndi ziweto zolimba ndipo amangokhalira kubereka.
M'zaka khumi zapitazi nile polojekiti amakhala chiweto mobwerezabwereza. Posankha nyama yofanana ndi yanu, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi yachilendo komanso yankhanza. Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuwunika abuluzi kumatha kukwapula mwamphamvu eni eni ndi zikopa ndi mchira wawo. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri samalimbikitsa kuyambitsa abuluzi kunyumba kwa oyamba kumene, ndipo okonda zachilendo odziwa zambiri amalangizidwa kuti azisamala.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 21.07.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/29/2019 pa 18:32
