Chabwino, ndani sakudziwa, ngakhale prickick, koma wokongola wokongola hedgehog, ngwazi ya mazana nthano ndi zojambula? Zolemba zambiri, nyimbo ndi nyimbo zoyamwitsa zalembedwa za iye. M'nthano hedgehog wamba Wabwino nthawi zonse komanso wokoma mtima, koma kodi ali ndi malingaliro otani? Tiyeni tiyesere kuzindikira izi mwa kuphunzira za moyo wake komanso zizolowezi zake.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Hedgehog wamba
Hedgehog wamba amatchedwanso waku Europe - ndi nyama yoyamwitsa yochokera kubanja la hedgehog, yomwe ili m'gulu la ma hedgehogs a ku Eurasian (ndi nkhalango) ndi dongosolo la tizirombo. Mtundu wama hedgehogs m'nkhalango mu Chilatini umamveka ngati "Erinaceus", kutanthauza "chotchinga chaminga". Banja la hedgehog limaphatikizapo mitundu 24, yolumikizidwa pamitundu khumi. Ma Hedgehogs amatha kutchedwa nyama zakale kwambiri, chifukwa banja lawo laminga lakhalapo kuyambira Paleocene, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ma hedgehogs adakhalapo kwazaka zambiri zapitazo.
Oimira mabanja atatu a hedgehog amakhala mdera lathu:
- Ma hedgehogs aku Eurasian (nkhalango), omwe amaimiridwa ndi mahedgehogs wamba, Amur, Danube (kumwera);
- mahedgehogs, ku Russia pali mitundu ina ya mahedgehog amtundu womwewo;
- steppe hedgehogs, omwe a Daurian hedgehog adasankha gawo lachigawo chathu.
Hedgehog wamba kapena waku Europe ndiofala kwambiri, ndipo amadziwika kwa ambiri, chifukwa amapezeka ngakhale m'misewu yamadzulo yamizinda. Ili ndi kukula kwapakatikati, kutalika kwa thupi lake kumasiyana 20 mpaka 30 cm, ndipo hedgehog imalemera magalamu 700 mpaka 800. Zachidziwikire, gawo lalikulu la hedgehog ndi mitsempha yake, yomwe imakuta gawo lonse lakumtunda ndi mbali zonse za nyama. Chifukwa cha iwo, anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti nungu ndi wachibale wa hedgehog, izi ndizolakwika. The hedgehog ndi yoyandikira kwambiri komanso yofunika kwambiri kuposa zikopa, timadontho tating'onoting'ono, nyimbo (makoswe amiyendo) ndi ma tenrecs. Chifukwa chake, sizinthu zonse zomwe zimabaya zimakhudzana ndi banja la hedgehog.
Chosangalatsa: Ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amadziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa singano zokutira ma hedgehog okhwima kuyambira 5 mpaka 6 zikwi, pomwe mu hedgehog wachichepere amatha kuwerengedwa pafupifupi zikwi zitatu.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Hedgehog wamba m'chilengedwe
Miyeso ya thupi la hedgehog yafotokozedwa kale, koma kutalika kwa mchira wake ndi masentimita atatu. Mphuno yokongola ya hedgehog ndiyotambalala pang'ono ndipo imatha ndi mphuno yakuthwa komanso yonyowa nthawi zonse. Pamutu pake, yaukhondo, yozungulira, makutu ang'onoang'ono amawoneka. Maso a hedgehog nawonso ndi ang'ono, ozungulira komanso owala, ngati mikanda yakuda. The hedgehog has 36 small, but very sharp teeth, 16 amene ili pansipa, ndi ena onse pa nsagwada chapamwamba. Pamwambapa, zotsekerazo zidasiyanitsidwa pakati, kotero kuti pali malo olumirirapo pansi. Mwambiri, mutu wonse wa hedgehog umakhala woboola pakati.
Kanema: Hedgehog wamba
Zingwe za hedgehog ndizazitsulo zisanu, chala chilichonse chili ndi chikhadabo chakuthwa. Miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yayitali kuposa yakutsogolo. Kutalika kwa singano za hedgehog sikupitilira masentimita atatu. Masingano ndiosalala mpaka kukhudza kutalika konse, mulibe kanthu mkati, amadzazidwa ndi mpweya. Mtundu wa singano ukhoza kutchedwa wamizeremizere, chifukwa mipata ya bulauni ndi yopepuka imasinthana pamenepo, ndiye kuti nkhope yonse ngati singano ya hedgehog imawoneka yamangamanga. Gawo logawanitsa limasiyanitsa singano kudera lamutu. Kukula kwa singano ndikofanana ndikukula kwa tsitsi.
Chosangalatsa: Simawoneka msanga, koma tsitsi lalitali, lochepa komanso locheperako limakula pakati pa singano zazing'onoting'ono.
The hedgehog sikuti ili ndi singano kwathunthu, mphuno yake ndi pamimba zili ndi chivundikiro chaubweya, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi utoto wakuda wakuda, ubweya wa hedgehog ndi wovuta. Ubweya wa hedgehog, mosiyana ndi minga, umakhala wosasintha, wopanda mabala. Pali ma hedgehogs ndi mitundu yowala (mwachitsanzo, kukhala ku Spain). Mwambiri, mtundu wa mphuno, pamimba ndi miyendo ya ma hedgehogs wamba amatha kukhala wachikaso choyera mpaka chakuda.
Chosangalatsa: Chodabwitsa, hegehog sheds, sataya singano nthawi yomweyo, koma pang'onopang'ono, singano iliyonse yachitatu ya hedgehog imasinthidwa ndi yatsopano. Kukonzanso konseku kumatha kutenga chaka ndi theka.
Kodi hedgehog wamba imakhala kuti?
Hedgehog wamba ku Russia
Ngati tikulankhula za ma hedgehogs ambiri, ndiye kuti amapezeka m'makontinenti awiri okha: ku Eurasia ndi kumpoto kwa Africa. Mwachitsanzo, simudzapeza chipewa cham'mimba kumtunda kwa North America, ngakhale nyengo yake ili yofanana ndi ku Europe. Zomwe zapezedwa pazakale zakale zikuwonetsa kuti ma hedgehogs adakhalako kale, koma zikuwoneka kuti adamwalira pazifukwa zomwe sizinakhazikitsidwe.
Malo okhala ndi hedgehog wamba ndi ochulukirapo, amakhala kumadzulo komanso pakati pa Europe, adasankha malo a British Isles, gawo lakumwera kwa Scandinavia, Kazakhstan. Ponena za dziko lathu, pano hedgehog imakhala ku Western Siberia komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa gawo la Europe la Russian Federation. Okhazikika adakhazikika mwangwiro ku New Zealand, komwe adabweretsa mwachinyengo.
Hedgehog wamba wafalikira kwambiri:
- m'madera a ku Ulaya;
- kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Kazakhstan;
- m'dera la Amur;
- kumadzulo kwa Siberia;
- kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China;
- ku Asia Minor.
Hedgehog imakonda malo ndi madera osiyanasiyana. Komabe, koposa zonse amakopeka m'mbali mwa nkhalango, magalasi ang'onoang'ono ndi apolisi. Nyaniyu amakhala ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana, zitsamba, mitsinje yamadzi osefukira, zigwa zaudzu. Madambo ndi nkhalango zowirira zimakhala ndi mbaliyo. Ma Hedgehogs samachita manyazi ndi malo okhala anthu ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mizinda, m'mapaki komanso m'malo amomwemo. The hedgehog amakhala mosamalitsa panthaka yake, akumakonzekeretsa mapanga ake pansi pa mizu yamitengo, m'maenje osiyanasiyana, m'nkhalango zowirira, m'mabowo opanda kanthu a makoswe. Prickly amatha kudzipangira malo ogona, omwe nthawi zambiri samadutsa mita kutalika.
Kodi hedgehog wamba imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Hedgehog wamba wochokera ku Red Book
Hedgehog wamba amatha kutchedwa omnivorous, mndandanda wake ndiwosiyanasiyana, koma, kwakukulu, umakhala ndi mitundu yonse ya tizilombo.
Hedgehog amakonda kudya:
- mbozi;
- ziphuphu;
- makutu;
- ziphuphu;
- Mulole kafadala;
- mbozi zapansi;
- mbozi zopanda ubweya;
- dzombe.
Kuwonjezera pa tizilombo, hedgehog idzasangalala kwambiri ndi abuluzi, achule, nkhono, ndi achule. Spiny amatha kulanda chisa cha mbalame chomwe chili pansi, kudya mazira kapena anapiye obadwa kumene kuchokera pamenepo. Mbewa za Hedgehog vole sizimayesanso kuyesa, koma izi sizimachitika kawirikawiri, chifukwa kugwira makoswe a nimble sikophweka. Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chamagulu, pamasamba pamakhalanso chakudya chomera, chomwe chimakhala ndi zipatso ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana. Komatu ma hedgehogs aku New Zealand, makamaka amadya zipatso za zomera.
Mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, ma hedgehogs samadya njoka kawirikawiri. Koma, ngati mkangano wabuka pakati pa minga ndi chokwawa, ndiye kuti hedgehog, nthawi zambiri, imapambana, chifukwa poizoni woyipa wa njoka siowopsa kwa mwini wa minga.
Chosangalatsa: The hedgehog saopa arsenic, opium, senic acid, kapena mercury chloride. Zinthu zowopsa zonse zowopsa izi zimafooketsa ma hedgehogs. Mlingo womwe ungaphe munthu kapena nyama ina yayikulu ndiwotetezedwa bwino kwa hedgehog.
Mukawona ma hedgehogs, ndiye kuti mutha kuwona kususuka kwawo, ma hedgehogs amadyetsa zolimba kuti apindule pakufika nyengo yozizira ndikupita ku hibernation. Chifukwa chake, ndikugwa, ma hedgehogs amakula mafuta pafupifupi theka la kilogalamu ndipo amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 1200. M'chaka, atatuluka kunja kwa chikhalidwe cha anabiotic, omenyera nkhawa amafunikanso chakudya kuti akwaniritse mphamvu zawo, chifukwa chake, usiku umodzi amatha kudya chakudya chofanana ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a thupi lonse la hedgehog.
Chosangalatsa: Sikoyenera kudyetsa ma hedgehogs ndi zinthu zilizonse za mkaka. sagwirizana ndi lactose. Nthawi zambiri anthu amachiritsa mkaka waminga ndi mkaka, poganiza kuti adzawathandiza.
Tsopano mukudziwa kudyetsa hedgehog wamba. Tiyeni tiwone momwe akukhalira kuthengo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Hedgehog wamba
Ma Hedgehogs amagwira ntchito nthawi yamadzulo kapena usiku, kupita kukafunafuna chakudya. Minga sakonda kusiya malo awo kwanthawi yayitali. Masana amabisala mmenemo ndi kupuma. Ma Hedgehogs amakonza zisa zawo tchire, pakati pa mizu yamitengo, m'mabowo opanda kanthu a makoswe. Ma Hedgehogs amathanso kudzikumbira okha, wokhala ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20, ndikuphimba ndi masamba owuma, moss ndi udzu. Ma Hedgehogs amasamalira bwino malaya awo odula, kutsuka minga ndi zala zazitali zapakati, ndikunyambita pamimba ndi pachifuwa ndi lilime.
Chosangalatsa: Mapazi a Hedgehogs sangathe kufikira minga yonse kuti ayeretse, ndipo tiziromboti tambiri nthawi zambiri timapezekamo. Pofuna kuwachotsa, hedgehog imagwiritsa ntchito acid kuchokera zipatso, kugubuduza maapulo omwe agwa kapena zipatso zina. Chifukwa cha izi, amaganiza molakwika kuti ma hedgehog amamenya maapulo paminga ndikuwatengera kunyumba kuti akadye, ma hedgeho samachita izi, ndipo, ambiri, amakonda chakudya chanyama, paminga yawo amatha kubweretsa masamba ochepa okha pogona pogona.
Munthu aliyense wa hedgehog ali ndi malo akeawo; wamwamuna amakhala wokulirapo (kuyambira mahekitala 7 mpaka 40) kuposa wamkazi (kuyambira mahekitala 6 mpaka 10). Amuna amateteza mwakhama ziwembu zawo, ndikuchitira nkhanza mlendo aliyense wosayitanidwa wa hedgehog. Ma hedgehogs wamba amakhala ndi maluso ambiri. Kuphatikiza pa kuti amajambulidwa nthawi zonse m'makatuni osiyanasiyana, ma hedgehogs amathamanga bwino, akuthamanga mpaka mamitala atatu pamphindikati, amatha kusambira ndikuwombera mokondwera. Maso awo ndi ofowoka, koma mphamvu yawo ya kununkhiza ndi kumva sinalephereke. Pofika nyengo yozizira komanso chisanu choyamba, ma hedgehogs amapita ku hibernation, komwe kumakhala kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Epulo. Si pachabe kuti minga imasungitsa malo osungira mafuta, chifukwa ndiosavuta nyengo yachisanu motere. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti hibernation sichiwoneka m'matumba okhala kumadera otentha akumwera.
Chochititsa chidwi: Potentha kwambiri, kutentha kwa thupi la hedgehog kumatsika mpaka madigiri 1.8, ndipo kugunda kwake kumayambira 20 mpaka 60 pamphindi, amapumira kamodzi kokha pamphindi.
Atadzuka kutulo, hedgehog sakufulumira kuti atuluke m'phanga lake, amadikirira moleza mtima mpaka kutentha kunja kutenthe mpaka madigiri khumi ndi asanu ndi chikwangwani chowonjezera. Mwambiri, ma hedgehogs amakonda kukhala okha, koma amakhala moyandikana, osati kutali kwambiri. Ndi ma hedgehogs okha omwe adabweretsedwa ku New Zealand omwe adazolowera moyo wamgwirizano, omwe adayamba kukhala ndi malo ogona wamba. Mwambiri, hedgehog ndi nyama yamtendere, imatha kuwetedwa. Ambiri amasunga ma hedgehogs kunyumba, koma muyenera kukhala okonzekera pasadakhale kuti usiku amakonda kuphulika, kupondaponda ndi kudzitukumula, chifukwa nthawi yakumadzulo, moyo wolusa, wokhotakhota umangoyamba.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Ma hedgehogs wamba
Ma hedgehogs atadzuka kutulo, nyengo yaukwati imadza. Nyama zokhwima pogonana zimayandikira chaka chimodzi. Chifukwa cha akazi, ma duel nthawi zambiri amabwera pakati pa abambo. Otsutsana amayesetsa kulumirana wina ndi mnzake m'malo omwe kulibe singano, mahedgehogs amakankha ndikuyesera kumenya kwambiri kuposa mdani wawo. Pakati pa nkhondo za hedgehog, kumveketsa komanso kudzitama kumamveka. Hedgehog yemwe adapambana chigonjetso amayamba kukondana ndi mnzake, amatha kumuzungulira kwa nthawi yayitali kuti akhale pakati pa chidwi cha hedgehog. Palibe mgwirizano wamphamvu wabanja mu ma hedgehogs, mayi wa hedgehog ayenera kulera mwana yekha. Ma Hedgehogs amabadwira mumtambo wokhala ndi zida zokwanira komanso masamba.
Hedgehog imabereka ana kamodzi pachaka. Nthawi yobereka imatenga mwezi umodzi ndi theka. Hedgehog imatha kubadwa kuyambira 3 mpaka 8, koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala ana 4. Ana amabadwa opanda thandizo komanso akhungu, okutidwa ndi khungu la pinki, palibe singano ndi ubweya zomwe zimawonedwa nthawi yomweyo. Hedgehog imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 12.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Patadutsa maola awiri mwana atabadwa, mwana wonyezimira amayamba kukula singano zofewa, kuumitsa patatha masiku angapo.
Pofika zaka khumi ndi zisanu, hedgehog pamapeto pake idapanga malaya odula. Nthawi yomweyi, makanda amawona ndipo amayesa kupindika kukhala mpira. Ngati mayi hedgehog akuwopseza ana, ndiye kuti amatha kusamutsa hedgehog kupita kumalo ena. Mkazi amadyetsa hedgehog ndi mkaka wa m'mawere kwa mwezi umodzi. Kenako ma hedgehogs amakhala odziyimira pawokha, pafupifupi miyezi iwiri amakhala okhwima, koma amasiya mbuna zawo m'dzinja. M'madera achilengedwe, ma hedgehogs amakhala zaka 3 mpaka 5, ndipo ali mu ukapolo moyo wawo umakhala wautali kwambiri - mpaka zaka 8 kapena 10.
Adani achilengedwe a ma hedgehogs wamba
Chithunzi: Hedgehog wamba m'chilengedwe
Yokha, hedgehog ndimtendere, koma ali ndi adani ambiri kuthengo. Zachidziwikire, nyama zazing'ono zomwe sizidziwika bwino ndizosavuta.
Pakati pa adani a hedgehog mutha kulemba:
- ziphuphu;
- nkhandwe;
- mbira;
- zolusa nthenga (kadzidzi, akadzidzi a chiwombankhanga, ziwombankhanga);
- martens;
- njoka.
Hedgehog siyophweka, ali ndi njira zake zotetezera, sizachabe kuti amaphimbidwa ndi zida zaminga, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapulumutsa moyo wake. Powona wopanda nzeru, hedgehog imamudumphira, kuyesa kupanga jakisoni, kenako ndikusintha kukhala mpira wonyezimira. Zolusa, zopindika paws ndi muzzle, nthawi zambiri zimasiya, kutaya chidwi ndi hedgehog.
Hedgehog imakhalanso ndi adani otsogola omwe amadziwa njira zowoneka bwino kuti apusitse woyipayo. Kadzidzi nthawi zonse amakhala ndi khola mosayembekezereka, amamuzembera osapanga phokoso lililonse, zomwe zimasokoneza nyamayo. Ankhandwe opusitsa amayesa kuyendetsa hedgehog m'madzi, momwe ilibe njira yokhotakhota mu mpira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisadziteteze mdani.
Hedgehog ikamenyedwa ndi munthu wa njoka, ndiye, nthawi zambiri, imakwawa ndikumavutika, ndipo hedgehog imapambana. Minga saopa kulumidwa ndi poizoni, chifukwa poizoni samamukhudza. Atagwira cholengedwa chokwawa, hedgehog imadzipindirana ndi mpira, ndikukulunga njokayo pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wakuyo afe.
Adani a hedgehog amaphatikizaponso munthu yemwe, ndi ziwawa zake, amavulaza nyama zambiri. Ngakhale kuti ma hedgehogs amatha kukhala m'mizinda, nyama zambiri zimamwalira pansi pamiyendo yamagalimoto zikamadutsa mumsewu. Zachidziwikire, palibe amene amasaka makamaka hedgehog, ngakhale kale Aroma amagwiritsa ntchito zikopa za hedgehog kupesa nkhosa. Tsopano hedgehog imavutika chifukwa choti anthu amamuchotsa m'malo ake okhalamo, kuwononga ma biotopu achilengedwe ndikuipiraipira zachilengedwe.
Chosangalatsa: Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazi, ma hedgehogs ambiri adamwalira chifukwa cha McDonalds chakudya chofulumira. Kukula kwa makapu a ayisikilimu kunali kochepetsetsa, ndipo minga yaminga idadya zotsalira za maswiti pafupi ndi ma urns, ndikuponyera mitu yawo m'mgalasi ndikudzipeza atagwidwa. Pambuyo pa ziwonetsero ndi ziwonetsero za omenyera nyama, malo odyera amayenera kukulitsa makapu m'mimba mwake.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Hedgehog wamba ku Russia
Gawo logawidwa kwa hedgehog wamba ndilofala kwambiri, ma hedgehogs amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, amakumana m'mizinda yayikulu, koma, komabe, amawerengedwa kuti ndi okhala m'nkhalango, amakonda nkhalango ndi nkhalango. Ponena za kuchuluka kwa ma hedgehog, zinthu sizikhala zabwino nthawi zonse, m'madera ambiri pakhala kuchepa kwa minga, m'malo ena omwe ma hedgehogs amapezeka nthawi zambiri, akhala osowa komanso odabwitsa, zomwe zimadetsa nkhawa mabungwe azachilengedwe.
Zifukwa zikuluzikulu zakuchepa kwa ma hedgehogs ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda: kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kumanga misewu ikuluikulu, kukula kwa madera akumidzi, kulowererapo kwa anthu pazachilengedwe komanso kudzipatula kwawo, kuwonongeka kwa malo achitetezo a chilengedwe, kusowa kwa chakudya chifukwa cha kulima kwa malo owonekera komanso kutentha kwapachaka, kuipitsa chilengedwe chonse mwachilengedwe.
Zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi zimakhudza kukula kwa gulu la ma hedgehog, lomwe likuchepa pang'onopang'ono.M'madera adziko lathu, m'maiko ena, hedgehog wamba imaphatikizidwa m'mabuku a Red Data Mabuku ngati mitundu yosawerengeka yomwe imakhala yocheperako. Chifukwa chake, wokhala m'nkhalango yaminga amafunikira njira zina zotetezera.
Kuteteza ma hedgehogs wamba
Chithunzi: Hedgehog wamba wochokera ku Red Book
Zikuwoneka kuti hedgehog ili paliponse komanso yodziwika kwambiri, ambiri adaziwona m'misewu yakumatauni ndi yakumidzi, m'minda, m'mapaki ndi m'malo mwaokha, koma izi sizimachitika kulikonse, m'malo ena kuchuluka kwake kwakhala kosafunikira, chifukwa chake, ndizosowa kwambiri kukumana ndi zovuta ... N'zomvetsa chisoni kuzindikira, koma mlandu wa chilichonse ndi wosaganizira, ndipo, nthawi zina, zochita zankhanza za anthu, zongolunjika kukondweretsa anthu osaganizira zosowa za nyama zambiri, kuphatikiza maheji wamba.
M'dera la Russia, hedgehog idatchulidwa mu Red Data Books of Tomsk ndi Lipetsk. Sverdlovsk, madera a Tyumen ndi dera la Moscow. M'buku la dera la Tyumen, ali m'gulu lachitatu ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wosowa. M'zinthu zina zonse zomwe zalembedwa, hedgehog wamba imaperekedwa m'gulu lachiwiri, imawerengedwa kuti ndi mitundu yosawerengeka yomwe imakhala ndi nambala yocheperako. Ponena za dera la Sverdlovsk, apa hedgehog yatetezedwa kudera la Visim biosphere reserve ndi Pripyshminskie Bory National Park.
M'madera onsewa, momwe kuchuluka kwa ma hedgehogs ndikotsika kwambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muphatikize malo okhala azitsamba zokhazikika m'malo otetezedwa, ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa agalu osochera omwe amawononga ma hedgehogs. Ndizosatheka kukongoletsa malo achilengedwe pomwe kumakhala minga, izi zimabweretsa chifukwa chakuti sangapeze malo okhala achilengedwe. Mwambiri, ndikofunikira kusamala ndi kusamala ndi zachilengedwe ndikuthokoza zinyama ndi zinyama zomwe zili mozungulira, ndikusunga onse osafuna kutsutsa komanso otsutsa izi mu magolovesi olimba.
Pamapeto pake ndikufuna kuwonjezera izi hedgehog wamba Zimapindulitsa kwambiri munthu. Choyamba, zimawononga tizilombo tambiri tambiri, ndipo chachiwiri, mukayang'ana cholengedwa chokongolachi ndi nkhope yokongola, kusunthaku kumakwezedwa modabwitsa. Chachitatu, mutha kukhala ndi malingaliro abwino powerenga nthano kapena kuwonera chojambula, pomwe hedgehog ndiye munthu wamkulu, chifukwa nthawi zonse amakhala ndi gawo labwino, chifukwa chake amakondedwa ndi ambiri kuyambira ali mwana.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 19.07.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/26/2019 nthawi 8:54
