Ena amanjenjemera ndi chithunzi chimodzi cha cholengedwa ichi, pomwe ena amachiyambira kunyumba ngati chiweto. Mitunduyi ndi imodzi mwa akangaude otchuka kwambiri oopsa. Nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi ma tarantula, omwe ndi olakwika, chifukwa kangaude tarantula zochepa kwambiri. Ngakhale anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti, poizoni wa zolengedwa siwapha anthu.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Spider tarantula
Mtundu wa Lycosa umachokera ku banja la kangaude wammbulu. Dzina la mitunduyo linayambira mu Renaissance. M'mbuyomu, mizinda yaku Italiya inali yodzaza ndi ma arachnids awa, ndichifukwa chake kulumidwa kambiri, limodzi ndi mayiko okomoka, adalemba. Matendawa amatchedwa tarantism. Ambiri mwa omwe adalumidwawo adadziwika mumzinda wa Taranto, komwe kudachokera dzina la kangaude.
Chosangalatsa: Kuti achiritse, asing'anga akale amati odwala amafika povina tantella yaku Italiya, yomwe idayambiranso ku Taranto, kumwera kwa Italy. Madokotala amakhulupirira kuti izi zokha ndizopulumutsa olumidwa kuimfa. Pali mtundu woti zonsezi zidakonzedwa kuti zikhale maphwando, zobisika pamaso pa olamulira.
Mtunduwo ndi wamtundu wa nyamakazi ndipo uli ndi 221 subspecies. Chodziwika kwambiri mwa izi ndi tarantula ya Apuli. M'zaka za zana la 15, amakhulupirira kuti poyizoni wake amayambitsa misala komanso matenda ambiri am'magazi. Tsopano zatsimikiziridwa kuti poizoni alibe mphamvu pa anthu. South tarantula waku Russia amakhala ku Russia ndi Ukraine ndipo amadziwika ndi chipewa chakuda.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Mitundu ya Lycosa aragogi, yomwe imapezeka ku Iran, yatchulidwa ndi kangaude wamkulu Aragog wochokera m'mabuku onena za mfiti wachichepere "Harry Potter".
M'zinenero zambiri za ku Ulaya, mawu akuti tarantula amatanthauza tarantula. Izi zimabweretsa chisokonezo mukamasulira zolemba kuchokera kuzilankhulo zakunja, makamaka, kuchokera ku Chingerezi. Mu biology yamakono, magulu a tarantula ndi tarantulas samaphatikizana. Zoyambilira zimakhala za akangaude a araneomorphic, omalizawo ndi ma migalomorphic.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa poizoni tarantula
Thupi lonse la kangaude liri ndi ubweya wabwino. Thupi limagawika magawo awiri akulu - pamimba ndi cephalothorax. Pamutu pali awiriawiri 4 amaso, awiri mwa iwo ndi ang'onoang'ono komanso alimbane molunjika, otsalawo amapanga trapezoid potengera komwe amakhala.
Kanema: Kangaude kangaude
Kuyikaku kumakupatsani mwayi wowona chilichonse mozungulira mawonekedwe a 360-degree. Kuphatikiza pa zida zowoneka bwino, tarantula ali ndi mphamvu yakumva fungo. Izi zimawapatsa mphamvu yakununkhiza nyama yomwe ili kutali kwambiri.
Kukula kwa nyamakazi ndizokulirapo:
- kutalika kwa thupi - 2-10 cm;
- kutalika kwa mwendo - 30 cm;
- kulemera kwazimayi mpaka 90 g.
Monga tizilombo tina, akangaude achikazi amakhala akulu kwambiri kuposa amuna. Pa moyo wawo wonse, anthu molt kangapo. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri, amakula msanga. Pamiyendo inayi iwiri ya utoto wautali, kangaudeyu amayenda bwino pamchenga kapena madzi. Zotsogola zimakulira kwambiri mwa amuna kuposa akazi.
Chosangalatsa: Miyendo imatha kungowerama, chifukwa chake wovulalayo amakhala wofooka komanso wosatetezeka. Miyendo ndiyotentheka chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa minofu, ndipo imakhazikika pansi pa kupanikizika kwa hemolymph. Mafupa a arachnids nawonso ndi ofooka, kotero kugwa kulikonse kumatha kukhala komaliza.
Chelicerae (otsogola) amakhala ndi ma ducts owopsa. Chifukwa cha iwo, ma arthropod amatha kuteteza kapena kuwukira. Akangaude nthawi zambiri amakhala otuwa, abulauni kapena akuda. Maganizo azakugonana amakula bwino. Zazikulu kwambiri ndi ma tarantula aku America. Anzake aku Europe ndi otsika kwambiri kuposa iwo kukula.
Kodi kangaude wa tarantula amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Spider tarantula kuchokera ku Red Book
Malo okhala mitunduyo akuyimiridwa ndi osiyanasiyana - gawo lakumwera kwa Eurasia, North Africa, Australia, Central ndi Asia Minor, America. Oimira amtunduwu amapezeka ku Russia, Portugal, Italy, Ukraine, Spain, Austria, Mongolia, Romania, Greece. Artropods amasankha madera ouma kuti akhalemo.
Amakhazikika makamaka:
- zipululu;
- madera;
- zipululu;
- nkhalango;
- minda;
- minda yamasamba;
- m'minda;
- madambo;
- m'mbali mwa mitsinje.
Tarantulas ndi thermophilic arachnids, chifukwa chake sapezeka kumpoto kozizira. Anthu samakonda kwambiri malo okhala, chifukwa chake amakhala kumapiri amchere. Anthu ena amatha kulowa m'nyumba. Kugawidwa ku Turkmenistan, Caucasus, South-Western Siberia, Crimea.
Akangaude ambiri odyetsa amakonda kukhala mumabowo omwe amakumba okha. Amasankha malo okhala nyumba zawo zamtsogolo mosamala kwambiri. Kuya kwa mabowo ofukula kumatha kufikira masentimita 60. Amanyamula miyala yamtengo wapatali kumbali, ndipo amatenga nthaka ndi mawoko awo. Makoma a pogona la tarantula ali ndi zokumbira. Imanjenjemera ndikukulolani kuti muwone momwe zinthu ziliri panja.
Kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, akangaude amakonzekera nyengo yozizira ndikukweza nyumbayo mpaka mita imodzi. Pakhomo la dzenje amalumikizidwa ndi masamba ndi nthambi. Masika, nyama zimatuluka mnyumba ndikukoka nthiti kumbuyo kwawo. Ngati itasweka mwadzidzidzi, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kuti chinyama sichipezanso pobisalira ndipo chidzafunika kukumba dzenje latsopano.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kangaude wa tarantula amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe kangaude wakupha amadya.
Kodi kangaude wa tarantula amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Spider tarantula ku Russia
Tarantulas ndi olusa enieni. Amadikira kuti awabisalira kenako kuwathamangitsa mwachangu.
Zakudya za nyamakazi zimaphatikizapo tizilombo tambiri ndi amphibiya:
- Zhukov;
- mbozi;
- mphemvu;
- chimbalangondo;
- njoka;
- mbozi zapansi;
- achule ang'onoang'ono.
Atagwidwa ndi nyama, ma arachnids amalowetsa poizoni wawo, motero amawumitsa. Poizoni akayamba kugwira ntchito, ziwalo zamkati mwa wodwalayo zimasanduka chinthu chamadzimadzi, chomwe pambuyo pake tarantula imayamwa ngati malo omwera.
Kawirikawiri, nyama zolusa zimasankha nyama mogwirizana ndi kukula kwake ndipo zimatambasula chakudya chawo kwa masiku angapo. Anthu atha kukhala opanda chakudya kwanthawi yayitali, koma gwero lamadzi nthawi zonse ndilofunika. Pali nkhani yodziwika pomwe tarantula wamkazi adatha kukhala wopanda chakudya kwa zaka ziwiri.
Pafupi ndi burrow, ma arachnids amakoka ulusi wazizindikiro. Akangomva kuti winawake akukwawa kudutsa nyumba yawo, nthawi yomweyo amatuluka ndikutenga nyamayo. Ngati nyamayo itakhala yayikulu, nyamayo imadumphiranso ndikudumphiranso kuti ilume kachiwiri.
Ngati nyamayo ikuyesera kuthawa, kangaude amaithamangitsa kwa theka la ola, nthawi ndi nthawi ikuluma. Nthawi yonseyi amayesetsa kuti akhale patali ndi wovutikayo. Nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa nkhondo, nyama imapita ndikudya chakudya choyenera.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Spider tarantula
Ma tararantula, mosiyana ndi anzawo, sameta ma webus. Ndi osaka mwakhama ndipo amakonda kukwera nyama zawo mwa iwo wokha. Amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti ngati misampha kuti adziwe kachilomboka kapena tizilombo tina tomwe timadutsa. Ziluka zingachenjeze za ngozi yomwe ikubwera.
Tsiku lonse nyamakazi zimakhala mdzenje, ndipo madzulo zimatuluka pogona kuti zizisaka. Pofika nyengo yozizira, amatseka pakhomo lolowera kuphanga lawo ndikupita kutulo. Pakati pa anthu, pali anthu azaka zana limodzi. Tinthu tina tating'ono titha kukhalapo mpaka zaka 30. Gawo lalikulu la mitunduyi limakhala pafupifupi zaka 3-10. Amayi amakhala ndi moyo wautali.
Kukula kwa kangaude sikumaima nthawi iliyonse yakukula. Chifukwa chake, ma exoskeleton awo amasintha kangapo akamakula. Izi zimathandiza kuti nyamayo ibwezeretse miyendo. Ndi molt wotsatira, mwendo umabwereranso, koma ukhala wocheperako kuposa ziwalo zonse. Pambuyo pake, ma molts otsatirawa adzafika kukula kwake.
Zosangalatsa: Akangaude nthawi zambiri amayenda pansi, koma nthawi zina amakwera mitengo kapena zinthu zina. Tarantulas amakhala ndi zikhadabo pamapazi awo, zomwe amamasula, monga amphaka, kuti azitha kugwira bwino pamtunda womwe akukwera.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa poizoni tarantula
Nthawi yogonana imachitika mwezi watha wa chirimwe. Yaimuna imaluka ukonde, kenako imayamba kusisita mimba yake. Izi zimayambitsa kutuluka kwa madzi amadzimadzi, omwe amathiridwa pa ndodo. Amuna amamiza m'mapazi ake, omwe amalowetsa umuna ndikukhala okonzeka kupanga umuna.
Chotsatira chimabwera gawo lakusaka wamkazi. Atapeza munthu woyenera, wamwamuna amatulutsa mawu akumimba ndikumavina mwamwambo, zomwe zimakopa akazi. Amakopa kuti abise zazikazi pogogoda zala zawo pansi. Ngati mnzake abwezeretsanso, kangaude amamuyika mu cloaca ndipo umuna umachitika.
Kuphatikiza apo, yamphongo imabwerera msanga kuti isakhale chakudya cha womusankha. Mzimayi amaluka chikoko mumtondo, momwe amaikira mazira. Panthawi imodzi, nambala yawo imatha kufikira zidutswa 50-2000. Mkazi amatenga anawo masiku ena 40-50. Ana oswedwa amachoka pamimba pa amayi kupita kumbuyo ndikukhala komweko mpaka atatha kusaka paokha.
Akangaude amakula msanga ndipo posakhalitsa amayamba kulawa nyama yomwe mayiwo agwira. Pambuyo molt woyamba, iwo amabalalika. Pofika zaka 2-3, olusawa amakhala okhwima pogonana. Munthawi imeneyi, nyamakazi zimasowa chidziwitso chodzitchinjiriza ndipo ndizosavuta kukumana masana.
Adani achilengedwe a akangaude a tarantula
Chithunzi: Kangaude wakuda tarantula
Tarantula ili ndi adani okwanira. Mbalame ndizo zimayambitsa kufa kwa nyamakazi, chifukwa ndi zomwe zimadya mbalamezo. Mavu amayesa kupha ma arachnids, monga akangaude amachita ndi omwe amawachita. Amalowetsa poizoni mthupi la tarantula, kufafaniza chilombocho.
Kenako amaikira mazira mkati kangaude. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala ndikukula, pambuyo pake timatuluka. Adani achilengedwe amaphatikizanso mitundu ina ya nyerere komanso mapemphero opembedzera, omwe samasankha chilichonse pachakudya ndipo amayamwa chilichonse choyenda. Achule ndi abuluzi samadandaula kudya tarantula.
Mdani woopsa kwambiri akadali kangaude yemweyo. Artropods amakonda kudya wina ndi mnzake. Mkazi yemwe ali ndi umuna amatha kusokonekera pamoyo wamwamuna, monga wamkazi wopempherera wamkazi, kapena kudya ana ake ngati sangatchere tizilombo.
Kukangana kosalekeza kuli pakati pa tarantula ndi zimbalangondo. Malo awo amakhala. Zimbalangondo zimakumba nthaka, momwe kangaude zimakwera nthawi zambiri. Nthawi zina anthu amatha kuthawa. Matenda ovulala kapena osungunuka nthawi zambiri amakhala chakudya cha mdani.
Kwenikweni, anthu amakhudzidwa kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa masika. Pamene ma arachnids otopa komanso ogona atuluka m'malo awo, chimbalangondo chimakhala pomwepo. Nthawi zina amakwera m'mabowo a kangaude ndikuukira ma tarantula ndi miyendo yawo yakutsogolo, ndikumenya mwamphamvu. Kangaudeyu akataya magazi ambiri, chimbalangondo chimadya.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Spider tarantula
Tarantulas amapezeka kwambiri m'nkhalango, steppe ndi m'chipululu. Chiwerengero chawo chikuchepa pang'onopang'ono chaka chilichonse, koma pazaka khumi zapitazi, akangaude akalulu akwanitsa kuletsa kuchepa kwa anthu ngakhale kuwakhazikika. Kutentha kwanyengo kunathandizira izi.
Zochita zamalonda ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa nyamakazi. M'mayiko atatu apadziko lonse lapansi, ma arachnid amagwidwa kuti akagulitse ndalama zochepa kuti apeze ndalama. M'mayiko omwe alibe chuma chambiri, pali kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha tarantula.
Kuyambira 1995 mpaka 2004, ku Republic of Tatarstan, mitunduyi idawonedwa m'maboma a Nizhnekamsk, Yelabuga, Zelenodolsk, Tetyushsky, Chistopolsk, Almetyevsk, pomwe mawonekedwe ake adalembedwa katatu mpaka 10. Makamaka anthu amapezeka m'modzi.
Nkhalango zotentha zikudulidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu. Bolivia ndi Brazil amagwiritsa ntchito njira zamigodi zaluso zopangira golide ndi diamondi zomwe zimawononga nthaka. Madzi amawapopa pansi, chifukwa chake kuphwanya kukhulupirika kwa dziko lapansi. Izi, zimayambitsanso zotsatira zoyipa pakukhalapo kwa nyama.
Katemera wa Tarantula
Chithunzi: Spider tarantula kuchokera ku Red Book
Tarantula yaku South Russia, yomwe ili ndi dzina lachiwiri Mizgir, idalembedwa mu Red Book of the Republic of Tatarstan ndipo yapatsidwa gawo la mitundu itatu yomwe imachepetsa kuchuluka kwake; ku Red Book of Udmurtia, komwe idapatsidwa gulu la 4 lokhala ndi mbiri yosadziwika; Bukhu Lofiira la dera la Nizhny Novgorod mgulu la B3.
Cholepheretsa ndi ntchito yogwira yaulimi ya anthu, adani achilengedwe, kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala, udzu wouma udagwa, kusintha kwamadzi apansi panthaka, kupondereza ma biotopes onyowa, magulu ankhondo kudera laling'ono lachipululu, kuchuluka kwa malo olimidwa.
Mitunduyi imatetezedwa ndi malo osungira zachilengedwe a Zhigulevsky, malo osungira zachilengedwe a Prisursky m'dera la Batyrevsky, komanso paki ya Samarskaya Luka. Njira zosungira zikuphatikiza ntchito yophunzitsira pakati paomwe akukhala kuti muchepetse kugwidwa kwa zida zamagetsi. Ku Mexico, kuli mafamu obereketsa ma tarantula.
Njira zosungira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zikuphatikiza kuzindikira malo okhala ma arachnids ndikupereka chitetezo chofunikira pamitunduyi. Kutha kunagwera udzu wouma masika. Gulu la NP Zavolzhye. Kuletsa kapena kutha kwachuma, kuletsa mankhwala opopera mbewu, kuyimitsa msipu.
Kangaude kangaude - osati nyama yaukali. Amakonda kuthawa kuti amenyane ndi munthu. Kuukira kumatha kukwiyitsidwa ndi zochita za anthu omwe akhudza kangaude kapena omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi mzere. Mwamwayi, kulumidwa ndi nyama yolusa ndikofanana ndi njuchi, ndipo magazi a kangaude omwe amatha kuthana ndi poyizoni moyenera.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 06/14/2019
Tsiku losintha: 25.09.2019 nthawi 21:54
