Kangaude wa nthochi, kapena momwe amatchulidwira, owomba golide, kapena kangaude wa msirikali woyendayenda, amatanthauza akangaude owopsa. Mu 2018, adalowanso mu Guinness Book of Records chifukwa cha poyizoni wamphamvu wa poyizoni wake. Mankhwala amakono apita patsogolo kwambiri, chifukwa chake madotolo aphunzira kupanga mankhwala. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu akufa atalumidwa ndi nyamakazi.
Kangaude amatchedwa kangaude wa nthochi chifukwa nthawi zambiri amapezeka pansi pa khungu, kapena mkati mwa nthochi. Chifukwa chake, imafalikira pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi ndipo imabweretsa ngozi yayikulu.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa Banana
Kangaude wa nthochi ndi wa arthnod arachnids, wopatsidwa dongosolo la akangaude, banja la Nephilidae, mtundu wa Nephila.
Akangaude ali nthumwi zapadera za zomera ndi zinyama. Ndi okhawo omwe amakonda kuluka intaneti ndikukhala ndi ma 8 paws. Izi zidapangitsa asayansi akale kukhulupirira kuti zolengedwa izi sizinayambire pa Dziko Lapansi, koma zidabwera kuno kuchokera ku pulaneti ina. Komabe, zotsalira za makolo akale a akangaude amakono omwe adapezeka pambuyo pake adathandizira kutsutsa chiphunzitsochi.
Asayansi amakono sakudziwiratu nthawi ya akangaude padziko lapansi. Izi ndichifukwa choti chipolopolo chachitsulo cha arachnids chikuwonongedwa mwachangu. Kupatula zotsalira zochepa za makolo akale a arachnids amakono, omwe apulumuka mpaka lero chifukwa cha amber kapena zidutswa za utomoni wolimba.
Kanema: Kangaude wa Banana
Malinga ndi zomwe apeza, asayansi adatha kutchula nyengo yoyerekeza ya ma arachnids - pafupifupi zaka 200-250 miliyoni zapitazo. Akangaude oyamba kwambiri amawoneka osiyana kwambiri ndi oimira amakono amtundu uwu. Anali ndi matupi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri ndi mchira, wopangira mawebusayiti. Kupangidwa kwa ulusi womata nthawi zambiri kumangokhala kopanda tanthauzo. Ulusiwo sunagwiritsidwe ntchito poluka mawebusayiti, koma kulumikiza mabowo awo ndikusunga zikopa.
Asayansi amatcha Gondwana malo omwe amapezeka ma arachnids. Pakafika Pangea, ma arachnids omwe analipo panthawiyo mwachangu anafalikira m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Mibadwo yotsatira yamadzi oundana idachepetsa kwambiri madera okhala arachnid padziko lapansi.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mawonekedwe ofunikira ndi mawonekedwe a kangaude wa nthochi adafotokozedwa ndi wofufuza waku Germany a Maximilian Perti mu 1833. Anamupatsa dzina, lomwe potanthauzira kuchokera ku Greek lidamasuliridwa kuti "wakupha".
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa Banana ku America
Maonekedwe a akangaude a nthochi alibe mawonekedwe kapena mawonekedwe apadera. Ikhoza kusokonezeka mosavuta ndi kangaude wina aliyense. Mtundu uwu wa kangaude umakhala ndi chiwonetsero chazakugonana - akazi amakhala ochulukirapo kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa amuna kukula ndi kulemera kwa thupi.
Zochitika zosiyana za mawonekedwe a asirikali oyendayenda:
- miyeso ya thupi - masentimita 1.5-4.5;
- miyendo yayitali, kukula kwake mwa anthu ena kumafika masentimita 15. Chelicerae mwa anthu ambiri amakhala ofiira, ofiira amdima. Izi zimawopsyeza adani ena omwe ali okonzeka kusaka akangaude. Ziwalo zina zimakhala ndi mphete zopingasa zomwe zimakhala zakuda kwambiri;
- Thupi limayimiriridwa ndi magawo awiri: mimba yotsekemera ndi cephalothorax;
- thupi liri ndi tsitsi lakuda, lolimba;
- mtunduwo ndi wakuda imvi, pafupi wakuda. Anthu ena ali ndi mtundu wofiira wakuda, burgundy;
- Mtundu wa nyamakazi umadalira dera komanso malo okhala, popeza mtundu wa thupi umakhala ngati chobisalira;
- mzere wamdima umayenda mthupi.
Miyendo yayitali ndi chizindikiro cha kangaude wa nthochi. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati njira yonyamulira, komanso ngati ziwalo zakukhudza ndi kununkhiza. Zili ndi mapulogalamu ambiri opambana. Pali magawo awiri a ziwalo zowoneka pamutu. Chifukwa cha ziwalo zambiri zamasomphenya, amapatsidwa mawonekedwe a 360-degree. Amatha kusiyanitsa bwino osati zithunzi zowoneka bwino, komanso mithunzi, mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse. Akangaude a nthochi ali ndi mayankho abwino kwambiri, nthawi yomweyo poyenda.
Chosangalatsa: Mbali yapadera ya msirikali woyendayenda amadziwika kuti ndi mawonekedwe ake okha. Poukira, imayimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo, ndikukweza ndikuwongola kutsogolo. Poterepa, ali wokonzeka kumenyedwa ndi mphezi ndikubayira poizoni wakupha kwambiri.
Kodi kangaude wa nthochi amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa nthochi mu nthochi
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha akangaude a nthochi amapezeka ku South America. Komabe, kangaude wa nthochi amathanso kupezeka kumadera ena.
Madera akutali a msirikali woyendayenda:
- Costa Rica;
- Argentina;
- Colombia;
- Venezuela;
- Ecuador;
- Bolivia;
- Australia;
- Madagascar;
- Brazil;
- Paraguay;
- Panama.
Kupatula kwake ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa dera la South America. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ngati malo okhala m'nkhalango zamvula. Masamba a zomera zosiyanasiyana, ophatikana pamodzi, amapereka malo abwino otetezera akangaude. Umu ndi momwe tizilombo timakhudzira mitengo ya nthochi, komanso masamba ndi magulu a zipatso. Chizindikiro cha kupezeka kwawo ndi nkhungu zoyera kapena ziphuphu, komanso mabampu amdima pansi pa khungu la chipatsocho.
Chosangalatsa: Thupi la akangaude a nthochi, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya akangaude, palibe imodzi, koma ma gland asanu ndi awiri otere. Aliyense wa iwo amachita ntchito yakeyake. Pali gland yomwe ili ndi udindo woteteza zikwa, kapena kukonza wovulalayo, komanso zopangitsa kuti apange ukonde wolimba.
M'madera a Russia, akangaude samapezeka mwachilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri amasungidwa ngati ziweto. Sizachilendo kuti akangaude azikhala m'misasa, amakhala moyo wosamukasamuka, amatha kubisala pansi pamiyala. Pakusuntha, akangaude nthawi zambiri amakwera m'nyumba za anthu. Asitikali oyenda samalolera kutentha kwakukulu, kuyesa kubisala m'makona obisika, zomwe zimawopsa anthu okhala mnyumbamo.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kangaude wa nthochi amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi kangaude wa nthochi amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa Banana
Asirikali oyendayenda amawerengedwa kuti ndi tizilombo todwalitsa. Amadyetsa chilichonse chomwe angapeze muukonde wawo. Sanyozanso chakudya choyambira - nthochi, kapena zipatso za mitengo ina yazipatso.
Zomwe zimakhala ngati fodya:
- kafadala;
- midges;
- dzombe;
- mbozi;
- tizilombo;
- ena, ma arachnids ang'onoang'ono;
- abuluzi;
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya amphibians;
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame zazing'ono;
- njoka;
- makoswe.
Akangaude amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti apeze chakudya. Amatha kuluka maukonde olimba modabwitsa, momwe amapezera chakudya.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi zina, kukula kwa mzere wosodza kumatha kufikira 2 mita! Ndi cholimba modabwitsa, chifukwa imatha kugwira mbalame, buluzi kapena njoka.
Akangaude amathanso kusaka nyama zomwe amasankha. Amasankha amene angamuthandize, amupeza m'kuphethira kwa diso, amayimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndikuukira, akubayira jakisoni wakupha. Pochita poizoni, wodwalayo amafa ziwalo ndipo matumbo ake amakumbidwa ndikusungunuka. Pakapita kanthawi, akangaude amangomwa mkatikati mwa nyama yawo.
Vuto la kangaude wa nthochi limaonedwa kuti ndi loopsa kwambiri. Kuti aphe mbewa yapakatikati, amangofunikira ma micrograms 6 azitsamba zowopsa. Komabe, atagwiranso munthu wina mu maukonde ake olimba, kangaude wamkazi sapupuluma kuti amuphe. Nyama imafa ziwalo pobayira poyizoni ndikakokedwa ndi intaneti. Pambuyo pake, imayimitsidwa akadali ndi moyo. Chifukwa chake nyamayo imatha kusungidwa kwakanthawi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa Banana mwachilengedwe
Akangaude amakhala nthawi yawo yambiri pa intaneti omwe amapanga. Ikhoza kupezeka munyumba zogona kapena malo osakhalamo. Amakonda kusaka mumdima. Ndi nthawi imeneyi pomwe intaneti yawo imapanga ziwonetsero zasiliva zomwe zimakopa omwe angakumane nawo. Akangaude a nthochi ndi owomba okhaokha. Zilonda zapadera m'thupi lawo zimapanga timadzi tina, tomwe timalumikizana ndi ulusi, timasandulika kukhala ulusi.
Kuluka kwa intaneti ndi akazi okhaokha. Amuna alipo okha kuti abereke. Amphongo amadyetsa zotsalira za nyama yankazi. Akangaude a nthochi amasiyana ndi achibale awo chifukwa chofulumira kuyenda komanso kuchita mwachangu mphezi. Akangaude saopa kuwukira ngakhale nthumwi za zomera ndi zinyama zomwe zili zazikulu kuposa iwo kukula, mphamvu ndi mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri, pankhondo yomwe imawoneka ngati yosagwirizana, akangaude amatha kupambana, chifukwa amalowetsa poizoni wawo pomwepo. Sayansi imadziwa milandu pamene akangaude adakwanitsa kugonjetsa khoswe wamkulu.
Akangaude samangokhala pansi. Amangoyendayenda, chifukwa adalandira dzina lawo lachiwiri. Nthawi zambiri amayenda maulendo ataliatali. Akangaude ali ndi luso osati kungothamanga kwambiri, komanso kulumpha kwambiri. Ntchito yayikulu kwambiri imachitika usiku. Masana, akangaude amabisala m'masamba ake, panthambi za tchire ndi mitengo pafupi ndi ukonde wa kangaude. Tsitsi, kapena mabulosi, omwe ali pamapazi amakulolani kuyankha pakangoyenda pang'ono ndi kuyenda kwa ulusi wa kangaude.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa Banana
Amuna ndi otsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi akazi kukula ndi kulemera kwawo. Asanakwatirane, amakonda kukopa chidwi cha omwe angakhale naye pachibwenzi ndi mtundu wovina ndikupaka kuvina ndi miyendo yawo. Ntchitoyi ikatha, nthawi yoikira mazira imayamba. Wamkazi amaluka mazirawo ndi cocoko wa nthonje ndikuwapachika ndi ulusi wolimba. Zazikazi zimateteza mwakhama zikoko zawo mpaka akangaude ataswa. Pambuyo masiku 20-25 kuyambira pomwe mayikowa aponyedwa, akangaude amatuluka m'mazira.
Kukula kwa cocoko kumodzi ndi masentimita angapo. Pakhoza kukhala ma cocoon angapo. Zonsezi, mkazi m'modzi amatha kuikira mazira kuchokera theka ndi theka mpaka mazana awiri mpaka zikwi zingapo. Nyengo yokhotakhota ya akangaude a nthochi nthawi zambiri imayamba koyambirira kwa Epulo mpaka kumapeto kwa masika. Kukwana kumalizika, yamphongo iliyonse imathawa msanga, nthawi zambiri azimayi amangodya anzawo pambuyo poti nyengo yokwanira yakwana.
Akangaude amakula msinkhu wazaka zitatu. M'miyezi 12 yoyambirira ya moyo, amatha kupirira mpaka molts khumi. Ndi zaka, kuchuluka kwa molts kumachepa, ndipo kuwopsa kwa poyizoni kumawonjezeka. Akangaude amakula nthawi yam'madzi. Kutalika kwanthawi yayitali kangaude m'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe ndi zaka 3-5.
Adani achilengedwe a akangaude a nthochi
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa nthochi mu nthochi
Ngakhale kuti akangaude amawerengedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwazinthu zoopsa kwambiri komanso zakupha padziko lapansi, amakhalanso ndi adani.
Adani achilengedwe a kangaude:
- mavu tarantula hawk. ndi mavu akulu kwambiri pakati pa zonse zomwe zilipo padziko lapansi. Sadziwika ndiukali. Samenya tizilombo tina, koma akangaude okha. Mavu achikazi amaluma tizirombo, kuwafooketsa ndi ululu wawo wa poizoni. Pambuyo pake, amaikira mazira mthupi la nyamayi ndikuwakokera kudzenje lawo. Imfa ya kangaude imachitika mkatikati mwake ikadyedwa ndi mbozi zomwe zimaswa dzira;
- mitundu ina ya mbalame;
- mitundu ina ya amphibiya ndi zokwawa zomwe zimapezeka m'nkhalango;
- makoswe.
Akangaude nthawi zambiri amafa, kudzitchinjiriza kwa iwo omwe angawopseze. Akangaude samathawa pakagwa ngozi; nthawi zambiri amateteza ndikudzitchinjiriza. Akangaude amaonedwa kuti ndi aukali kwambiri komanso owopsa. Vuto lokhalo limayimilidwa ndi asilikari achikazi oyendayenda. Amuna sangathe kuvulaza aliyense, makamaka kupha aliyense.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kangaude wa Banana
Ngakhale kuti malo okhala nthochi ndi ochepa, kuchuluka kwawo lero sikuli pachiwopsezo. Nthawi zambiri, akangaudewa amakhala m'nkhalango, komwe alibe adani. Kwa anthu, ma arthropods awa ndiowopsa, ndipo palidi kulumidwa. Pogundana ndi kangaude, chifukwa chake munthu adalumidwa, muyenera kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi yomweyo.
Chifukwa choti palibe chomwe chimawopseza akangaude, lamuloli silinakhazikitse njira zina kapena mapulogalamu apadera otetezera kuchuluka kwawo, kapena kukulitsa. Ngakhale kuti South America imawerengedwa kuti ndi malo achilengedwe a kangaude wa nthochi, amabadwira kunyumba m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Obereketsa oimira osowa, achilendo komanso osankhidwa enieni a zinyama ndi zinyama sayenera kuiwala za ngozi zomwe zakhala zikuchitika nthawi zonse. Ndikofunikira kuti musanakhale ndi chiweto chotere, muyenera kuphunzira mosamala zikhalidwe ndi malamulo osamalira.
Akangaude a nthochi ndiofala padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha zipatso zomwezi. Nthawi ndi nthawi, m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, milandu yakupezeka m'mabokosi kapena phukusi lokhala ndi nthochi imalembedwa. Musanagwiritse ntchito zipatsozi, muyenera kuziyang'ana mosamala kuchokera panja kuti mupeze ziphuphu, kapena mabampu amdima.
Tsiku lofalitsa: June 16, 2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 25.09.2019 pa 13:34
