Gulugufe urticaria - m'modzi mwa oyimira owala kwambiri komanso owoneka bwino agulugufe masana. Lili ndi dzina lake chifukwa chakuledzera. Tizilomboti timangodya nsabwe zokha, komanso nthawi zambiri timakhala pamasamba a chomerachi, osawopa kuti angabayidwe. Nthawi zina amatchedwa "atsikana achokoleti". Zilombozi zili ndi mapiko okongola komanso osakhwima modabwitsa.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Urticaria
Urticaria (Aglais urticae, Nymphalis urticae) ndi ya mtundu wa Holarctic wa agulugufe masana Aglais, ochokera ku banja la Nymphalidae. Epithet urticae yeniyeni imachokera ku mawu akuti nettle, ndipo Aglais ndi mulungu wamkazi wachikulire wachi Greek wachisomo, Aglaya. Kutengera ndi malo okhala, pali mitundu ingapo ya urticaria:
- Aglais urticae var. chinensis;
- Aglais urticae var. kulumikiza;
- Aglais urticae var. baicalensis;
- Aglais urticae var. nyani;
- Aglais urticae var. polaris;
- Aglais urticae var. kansuensis;
- Aglais urticae var. eximia;
- Aglais urticae var. stoetzneri;
- Aglais urticae var. malowa.
Wachibale wapafupi wa tizilombo tinawoneka urticaria. Kunja, ndi chimodzimodzi. Kusiyana kwawo kokha ndi malo akulu otsegulira. Ili pamalo opendekera kutsogolo ndipo imagwirizana ndi mitsempha. Mitunduyi imakhala yocheperako komanso yocheperako.
Chosangalatsa: A Scots amatcha subspecies awa "ziwanda", pomwe ku Japan, m'malo mwake, urticaria imawerengedwa kuti ndi chizindikiro cha moyo wosalakwa wachinyamata komanso kusafa. Aroma akale ankakhulupirira kuti izi sizinali tizilombo, koma maluwa a maluwa anang'ambika ndi mphepo yamkuntho, kutanthauza chikondi, kupambana, kukongola, chitukuko.
Khalidwe la gulugufe limatha kuneneratu nyengo. Ngati ndegeyo ndiyodikirira, yotopetsa, zikutanthauza kuti mvula iyamba kugwa posachedwa. Atsikana achokoleti amamva kusintha kwa chinyezi posachedwa ndikuyesera kupeza malo abwino obisalako ndikudikirira nyengo yoipa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Butterfly urticaria
Chokoleti cha gulugufe Ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kakang'ono. Mapiko a agulugufe ndi akuda lalanje, ofiira njerwa. Kutalika kwawo ndi 20-25 mm, chikhato - 40-60 mm. Mapiko akutsogolo ali ndi mawanga atatu akuda osinthana ndi achikaso. Mawanga akulu akuda amapezeka pamapiko akutsogolo, pamwamba pake pamakhala kuwala. Kumbuyo kuli timadontho tating'ono. Akazi pafupifupi samasiyana ndi amuna.
Chosangalatsa: Mapiko a opanga chokoleti ndi osakhwima komanso osalimba. Ngati gulugufe akuuluka mwadzidzidzi m'chipindacho, anthu amayesa kuthandiza tizilombo timene timatulutsa panja. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimawononga mapiko a gulugufe, ndipo satha kuwuluka bwino.
Mapiko aliwonse ali ndi kutuluka kwakuthwa, m'mbali mwake ndi wavy. Pansi pa mapiko akumbuyo kuli masikelo abulauni kumbuyo kofiirira, kutsatiridwa ndi mzere wonyezimira wa lalanje. Pamphepete chakumapiko kwamapiko, pamiyendo yakuda, pali mawonekedwe owala amtambo wowoneka ngati theka la mwezi.
Mbali yamkati ndi yofiirira yokhala ndi zigamba zowala. Munthu aliyense ali ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera, ofanana ndi zolemba zaanthu. M'nyengo yozizira, agulugufe akugonera, agulugufe amapinda mapiko awo ndikukhala ngati tsamba lowuma. Mimba ndi thorax ndi zofiirira ndi tsitsi lofiirira. Minyanga yanjenjete yooneka ngati njenjete.
Chokoleticho chili ndi miyendo itatu yamiyendo yomwe ili pachifuwa. Banja liri ndi mawonekedwe apadera - miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yayifupi kwambiri kotero kuti satenga nawo mbali pakuyenda. Alibe zikhadabo. Amatumikira movutikira. Chokoleti amayenda pakati ndi miyendo yakumbuyo.
Mbozi ya gulugufe urticaria ndi yakuda ndi mzere wachikaso pamwamba. Thupi lonse ndi minyewa yobiriwira yobiriwira yokhala ndi ziphuphu. Pakalulu ka pupal, njenjete imakulungidwa ndi cocoko, pamwamba pake pali nyanga, zomwe ena amaziphatikiza ndi satana.
Chifukwa chake tidazindikira kodi ming'oma ya gulugufe imawoneka bwanji... Tsopano tiyeni tipeze komwe gulugufe amakhala.
Kodi gulugufe amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Shokoladnitsa
Tizilomboti, limodzi ndi njereza za kabichi komanso diso la nkhanga, ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika kwambiri ku Europe. Mtunduwu umafikira kugombe la Arctic Ocean. Atsikana a chokoleti amapezeka ku China, Japan, Asia Minor ndi Central Asia, Mongolia, Vietnam, Siberia, Korea, m'maiko omwe kale anali CIS.
Mutha kuwona urticaria, mofanana ndi anzawo, paki, lalikulu, madambo ndi minda, minda, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango ndi madera ena. Njenjete imakonda malo abata komanso amtendere kuposa mizindayi. Sakonda nyengo yoipa. Ngati mukumva kuyandikira kwa mphepo yamphamvu kapena mvula, agulugufe a chokoleti akuyang'ana komwe angabisalire - m'mapanga a mitengo, zipinda zapansi, m'zipinda zanyumba zanyumba, ma verandas.
Muthanso kukumana ndi atsikana a chokoleti kumtunda kwamapiri. M'mapiri a Alps, mtundu uwu udapezeka pamtunda wa 3 zikwi mita, ndi ku Himalaya - ma 5 zikwi mita kumtunda kwa nyanja. Pakalulu ka ana, cocoons amatha kuwona paliponse: pama nthambi amitengo, masamba ndi zimayikidwe za maluwa, pamakoma ndi zipata, mabenchi.
Agulugufe samathawa nthawi yozizira, koma amabisala nyengo yozizira komanso chisanu pansi pa makungwa a mitengo, m'zipinda zapanyumba, m'mapanga, ndipo nthawi zina pamakonde. Anthu akumatauni amasankha malo oyandikana ndi nyumba za anthu, kuti pakagwa nyengo yovuta zikhale zosavuta kupeza pobisalira.
Kodi gulugufe amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Chokoleti cha gulugufe
Chifukwa cha nthenda yawo yayitali yakuda, njenjete zimalandira chakudya monga timadzi tokoma kuchokera ku inflorescence wazomera. Pa siteji ya mbozi, chokoleti amakonda kudya masamba a nettle, omwe anali njira yayikulu posankha dzina la gulugufe. Komanso, tizilombo sizisamala kudya:
- Dandelion;
- Mabulosi akutchire;
- Marjoram;
- Mitengo;
- Primrose;
- Elecampane.
Akuluakulu (akulu) samangokhalira kudya monga malasankhuli. Kusankha kotsirizira kumadzagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Minga yoluluzika ndi yoluma;
- Zojambula;
- Mankhwala.
Ndi mbozi zokha zomwe zimabadwa zomwe zimaluka ukonde limodzi ndikudya masamba achichepere. Chomera chimodzi chikatha, ana amapita ku chotsatira. Gulugufe akangobadwa kuchokera ku pupa, nthawi yomweyo amapita kukafunafuna maluwa.
Chosangalatsa: Njenjete sizidana ndi zakumwa za birch zosakaniza.
Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, Lepidoptera imayamba kudyetsa makamaka mwakhama. Kuti tisunge ntchito yofunika ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'nyengo yozizira, thupi la urticaria liyenera kukhala ndi ma lipids. Madzi a maluwa amawathandiza kwambiri pankhaniyi.
Pamene agulugufe amafunafuna timadzi tokoma, timauluka kuchokera pa chomera china kupita pachitsamba china, ndipo amachinyamula mungu. Pamapiko awo pali mungu wosakhwima, womwe amanyamula maluwa. Chifukwa cha izi, amakhala m'gulu lachiwiri pazosankhitsa tizilombo toyambitsa mungu. Njuchi zokha ndizomwe zili patsogolo pawo.
Nthawi zina m'nyengo yozizira ya mu February, njenjete zimadzuka kuzizira nthawi isanafike ndipo zimawuluka m'nyumba kapena m'nyumba. Mpaka masika, tizilombo tikhoza kusungidwa kunyumba, kudyetsa ndi yankho la shuga kapena uchi. Kuti tichite zimenezi, moisten thonje swab ndi madzi ndi kuvala msuzi. Kudyetsa mphindi 10-15 patsiku ndikokwanira urticaria.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Urticaria
Gulugufe urticaria ndi imodzi mwa agulugufe oyambira masika. Zaka zimayamba ndikuwoneka kwa kunyezimira koyamba kwa dzuwa. Masana amakhala otanganidwa ndi mungu wochokera kumaluwa komanso akusaka chakudya, usiku amabisala m'malo obisalamo. Mpaka mibadwo iwiri imasintha pachaka, kutengera nyengo. Mutha kuwona tizilombo mpaka Seputembala.
Atsikana achokoleti amadalira kwambiri nyengo. Pakati pa chilala, ziwerengero zawo zimachepetsedwa kwambiri. Kusakhala kwamvula kwenikweni kumadalira kupezeka kwa madzi, nayitrogeni ndi michere m'masamba a zomera. Kuperewera kwa zinthu kumafooketsa mbozi ndikuchepetsa kukula kwawo.
Chosangalatsa: Atsikana a chokoleti amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu, mosiyana ndi tizilombo tina. Izi zimakuthandizani kupeza zinthu zomwe mukufuna.
M'mikhalidwe yabwino, mitunduyo imatha kukhalapo kwa miyezi 9. Poyerekeza ndi njenjete zina, zomwe zimangokhala masiku ochepa, urticaria ndi chiwindi chenicheni. Pofika nyengo yozizira, samazizira, koma amabisala ngati zimbalangondo.
Lepidoptera siziuluka, koma zimakhalabe nthawi yozizira m'maiko awo. Potentha madigiri 21 pansi pa ziro, agulugufe amaundana modutsa, koma samafa. Kagayidwe kake kamakuchepetsa ndipo mphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono. Ndi kunyezimira koyamba kwa dzuwa, zimasungunuka ndikukhala ndi moyo. Zikakhala nyengo yachisanu, zimayikira mazira ndipo zimafa msanga.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Butterfly urticaria
Atadzuka ku tulo, atatsitsimutsidwa ndikutola mphamvu, tizilombo timayamba kuberekana. M'mawa, zazimuna zimafunafuna chakudya, zimawotcha padzuwa, kenako zimayamba kufunafuna zazikazi masana. Palibe mikangano pamadera.
Amuna amathamangira kwa akazi kumbuyo ndikutulutsa phokoso linalake. Maola ochepa otsatirawa adzagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasewera olimbirana. Nthawi zambiri, njira yolumikizirana imachitika mu lunguzi. Pambuyo pa umuna, mkazi amayika ana amtsogolo mkati mwa chomeracho.
Mazira obiriwira obiriwira kapena achikaso amatha kukhala zidutswa 100 mpaka 200. Kuyika nthawi kumakhala kwa ola limodzi ndi theka. Pazifukwa zabwino, mazirawo amakula mkati mwa sabata. Ana a mbozi amamatira pamodzi, mu gulu limodzi, ndipo samayenda mu chomeracho.
Mbozi zazing'ono zimabadwa ndi kutalika kwa 1.2 mm yokha. Poyamba, amakhala obiriwira, okhala ndi mawanga komanso tsitsi lakuda. Pakukula, iwo molt kanayi. Thupi la mbozi zazikulu zakuda ndi mikwingwirima yachikaso. Pokhala okhetsedwa komaliza, anthu akuyenda m'nkhalango.
Amayang'ana malo oti aziphunzirira ndikulumikiza mozungulira tsinde kapena tsamba, ndikupanga chibonga chofiira kwambiri chagolide pafupifupi masentimita awiri. Ili mderali pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Kumapeto kwa nthawi imeneyi, chipolopolocho chimaswa ndipo gulugufe amabadwa. Ayenera kukhala phee kwa mphindi zingapo kuti mapiko ake alimbe ndipo amatha kuwuluka.
Adani achilengedwe a gulugufe wa urticaria
Chithunzi: Shokoladnitsa
Monga tizilombo tonse, mitundu iyi ya gulugufe ili ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe. Pakati pawo pali amphibiya monga achule; zokwawa - zinziri, abuluzi, njoka; mbalame - marsh harrier ndi ena ambiri; makoswe ang'onoang'ono.
Podziteteza kwa adani, atsikana a chokoleti ali ndi utoto woteteza mkati mwa mapiko. Akapinda mapiko awo, utoto wobisa mbaliyo umafanana ndi tsamba louma. Koma nthawi zambiri samasunga agulugufe, ndipo mbalame, pobisa kubisala, zimadya, nthawi zina mpaka theka la dzinja.
Palinso kuthekera kokamenyedwa ndi tiziromboti. Tizilombo ta Hymenoptera monga ntchentche zimatha kuyikira mazira pamasamba azomera, zomwe mbozi zimadya pambuyo pake. Mphutsi zidzakula mthupi la mbozi ndikudya ziwalo kuchokera mkati. Pambuyo pa imfa yopweteka, okwera mpaka 100 amatha kutuluka mthupi la gulugufe wamtsogolo.
Kungakhale kovuta kugwira wopanga chokoleti, chifukwa chake anthu omwe ali pamazira, pupa kapena mbozi amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Mbalamezi nthawi zonse zimadyetsa anapiye mbozi zambiri tsiku lililonse. Mbalamezi zimakhala pafupifupi 20% ya mbozi zomwe zimadyedwa. Mbalame zimagwira njenjete zodyetsa kapena zopumula, kuzipaka pamtengo kuti mapiko awo agwe, kudya thupi lokha.
Mbozi imatha kulanda kafadala, agulugufe, mapemphero opemphera, mavu. Akangaude amatha kugwira agulugufe m'mabedi kapena kuwonera maluwa. Munthu amatenga gawo lofunikira. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo, chokoleti akutaya malo awo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titawonongeka, agulugufe ambiri amafa ndi poizoni.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Chokoleti cha gulugufe
Mwamwayi, mitunduyo sinalembedwe mu Red Data Book, chifukwa chake palibe chifukwa chotetezera. M'zaka zikubwerazi, kusowa kwa urticaria sikuwopsezedwa. Chifukwa chokhoza kusintha malo aliwonse, agulugufe amaswana bwino ndipo malo awo amakhala otakata kwambiri. Simungakumane nawo kupatula North Pole.
Popeza mitunduyi sivulaza ulimi, atsikana a chokoleti sanayesedwe kuwapha. Palibe dziko lomwe limawona zithunzi zoyipa mu agulugufe. Anthu alipo paliponse paliponse, safunika kutetezedwa ndipo, malinga ndi asayansi, mitunduyo sidzatha m'zaka 20 zikubwerazi.
Kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, malinga ndi ofufuza, kwadzetsa chiwopsezo chachikulu cha njenjete. Nyengo zaposachedwa ndizabwino kukhalapo ndi kuberekana kwa zolengedwa zokongolazi.
Kwa 2010-2011, chiwerengero cha azimayi achokoleti chinawonjezeka ndi 60%. Koma nthawi yomwe dzinja limazizira kwambiri, anthu adatsikanso kwambiri. Wasayansi waku Center for Ecology a Mark Botham adatsimikiza kuti ndikofunikira kwanuko kusungitsa malo abwino a Lepidoptera, osasokoneza malo awo.
Kuteteza nkhalango, kofunikira kwambiri pamtundu uwu, kumathandizira kwambiri kukulitsa agulugufe. Tizilombo timakhala m'malo omwe timazolowera ndipo kusintha pang'ono komwe kumakhala komwe kumatha kuwawononga. Kusunga chilengedwe kumathandiza kuti zamoyo zizimva bwino komanso kuti ziziberekana kwambiri.
Nthawi yolimba, agulugufe amatha kuwonedwa nthawi zambiri chipale chofewa. Anthu osamala amawatenga kupita nawo kunyumba kuti akawapulumutse ku chimfine. Zinthu zingapo zimakhudza moyo wa njenjete kunyumba, monga chinyezi chamkati, chakudya, mphamvu. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, tizilombo timatha kukhala milungu ingapo.
Chokoleti cha gulugufe cholengedwa chosadabwitsa komanso chokongola. Kuyambira kale, m'mitundu yosiyana, adachitiridwa ulemu ndi tsankho. M'miyambo yonse, agulugufe adalumikizidwa ndi chizindikiro cha kutukuka, kupambana, chikondi ndi moyo wabwino. Njenjete zomwe zimachita kuvina mosakanizirana zimafaniziridwa ndi banja losangalala lachikondi ndipo limakhala chizindikiro cha banja losangalala.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 01.06.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 20.09.2019 pa 21:43
