Mmodzi mwa mapiramidi a ku Aigupto, zinyama zambiri za mbalame zam'chiuno zokhala ndi milomo yayitali zidapezeka. Izi zidakhala zotsalira za ibises, zomwe Aigupto adazisunga mosamala mumitsuko. Anameta nthenga chifukwa anakhazikika m'mbali mwa mtsinje wopatulika wa Nile.
Komabe, poyang'anitsitsa, pakati pa ena, panali mbalame zazing'ono mazana angapo - mbalame zochokera kubanja la ibis. Ndikosavuta kumvetsetsa kuti nthawi zakale amatengeredwa mbalame yomweyo. Koma ndikufanana kwakunja komanso ubale wapafupi buledi ili ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mkate - mbalame kukula kwapakatikati. Thupi lake limakhala pafupifupi masentimita 55-56, mapiko ake amakhala a 85 mpaka 105 cm, kutalika kwa phiko palokha ndi pafupifupi masentimita 25 mpaka 30. Kulemera kwake kwa mbalameyi kumatha kuchoka pa 500 g mpaka 1 kg.
Iwo, monga ibise onse, ali ndi milomo yayitali kwambiri, komabe, imawoneka yopyapyala komanso yopindika kuposa abale ena. Kwenikweni, dzina lachilatini Plegadis aliraza amatanthauza "chikwakwa", ndipo amalankhula za mawonekedwe a mulomo.
Thupi lamangidwa bwino, mutu ndi wochepa, khosi ndilotalikirapo. Miyendo ndi yachikopa, yopanda nthenga, zomwe ndizofala pakati pa mbalame za dokowe. Miyendo ya nkhumba imawerengedwa kuti ndi yayitali kwambiri. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kuchokera ku ibises ndikapangidwe kabwino kwambiri. Tariso (limodzi la mafupa a mwendo pakati pa shin ndi zala).
Zimathandizira kutsika mofewa, chifukwa zimayambira bwino ikamatera. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha iye, mbalameyo imakankhira bwino ikamanyamuka. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha iye, nthengazo zimadalira molimba nthambi za mitengo. Mtundu wa "kasupe" wachilengedwe.
Mapiko a heroine athu ndi otakata kuposa am'banjamo, komanso, ndi ozungulira m'mbali. Mchira ndi waufupi mokwanira. Pomaliza, chinthu chosiyanitsa kwambiri ndi mtundu wa nthenga. Nthenga ndizolimba, zili pathupi lonse.
Pakhosi, pamimba, m'mbali ndi kumtunda kwa mapikowo, ajambulidwa ndi utoto wofiirira wofiirira. Kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kwa thupi, kuphatikiza mchira, nthenga zimakhala zakuda. Mwina ndi momwe idatchulidwira. Kungoti pakapita nthawi, mawu achiTurkish "karabaj" ("dokowe wakuda") adasandulika kukhala wachikondi komanso wodziwika kwa ife "buledi".
Dzuwa, nthenga zake zimanyezimira ndi khungu lokongola kwambiri, ndipo zimatuluka ngati chitsulo chosalala kwambiri, chomwe nthawi zina chimatchedwa nthenga yotchedwa glis. Pamalo amaso pali malo ang'onoang'ono opanda khungu laimvi pamtundu wa kansalu, womangidwa m'mbali mwake ndikumenyedwa koyera. Manja ndi milomo ya mthunzi wofewa wobiriwira, wamaso ofiira.
Pafupi yophukira mkate pachithunzicho amawoneka mosiyana pang'ono. Chitsulo chachitsulo pam nthenga chimazimiririka, koma timadontho tating'ono toyera timayambira pakhosi ndi pamutu. Mwa njira, mbalame zazing'ono zimawoneka chimodzimodzi - thupi lawo lonse lili ndi mizere yotere, ndipo nthenga zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mthunzi wabuluu. Ndi zaka, zimatha kuzimiririka ndipo nthenga zimakhala zowala.
Nthawi zambiri mbalameyi imakhala bata komanso yamtendere, sikamveka kawirikawiri kunja kwa malo okhala zisa. Pachisa, zimamveka mofanana ndi kakhosi kosalala kapena kaphokoso. Kuyimba buledi, komanso ma peacock rolls, sizosangalatsa khutu. M'malo mwake, imawoneka ngati lamba wa ngolo yopanda mafuta.
Mitundu
Mtundu wa mbalame zonyezimira umaphatikizapo mitundu itatu - wamba, yowoneka bwino komanso yopepuka.
- Mkate wowoneka bwino - wokhala ku North America. Imakhala makamaka kumadzulo kwa United States, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Brazil ndi Bolivia, komanso imadutsa zigawo zikuluzikulu za Argentina ndi Chile. Ili ndi nthenga zofiirira zofananira ndimtambo wachitsulo. Zimasiyana ndi malo wamba ozungulira milomo, yomwe imakhala yoyera.
- Globe yolipiritsa kapena Mkate wa Ridgway - wokhala ku South America. Palibe kusiyana kwapadera m'mitengo. Amasiyana ndi nthumwi yofananira ndi mkamwa wofiyira. Amakhala ndi dzinali chifukwa chodziwika bwino.
Ndizosatheka kunyalanyaza abale apamtima a heroine athu - ibises. Mwambiri, pali mitundu pafupifupi 30 ya iwo. Ibise zoyera komanso zofiira zimawerengedwa kuti ndizoyandikana kwambiri ndi nsombazi.
- Mbalame zofiira ili ndi nthenga zokongola kwambiri zofiira kwambiri. Ndi wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa mbuzi yokhazikika. Amakhala ku South America. Nyengo isanakwane, mbalame zimamera m'matumba.
- Mbalame zoyera komanso wokhala ku America. Nthenga, monga zikuwonekera, ndizoyera chipale chofewa, patsogolo pamutu pali madera ofiira opanda nthenga. Kokha pa nsonga za mapikowo m'mbali zakuda zimawoneka, zimawoneka pokhapokha. Miyendo yayitali ndi mlomo wopindika pang'ono amapentedwa ndi utoto wowala lalanje pafupifupi chaka chonse.
- Ndipo potsiriza, wotchuka kwambiri wachibale wa buledi – ibis yopatulika... Lili ndi dzina ku Egypt wakale. Ankaonedwa ngati munthu wa mulungu wanzeru, Thoth, motero, nthawi zambiri kuposa mbalame zina, adakonzedwa kuti apulumuke.
Nthenga zazikulu ndi zoyera. Mutu, khosi, mapiko, mlomo ndi miyendo ndi yakuda. Nthengayo imawoneka yokongola kwambiri ikamauluka - yoyera yoyera yokhala ndi malire akuda. Kukula kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 75. Masiku ano, zibulu zotere zimapezeka m'maiko aku North Africa, Australia ndi Iraq.
Ku Russia, kubwera kwa mbalameyi ku Kalmykia ndi dera la Astrakhan kudawonedwa kale. Pazifukwa zina, timakonda kumuimbira foni mkate wakuda, ngakhale izi ndizosiyana ndi mawonekedwe akunja.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mkate ukhoza kutchedwa kuti mbalame ya thermophilic. Malo ake okhala ndi zisa amapezeka m'malo osiyana kontinenti ya Africa, kumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa Eurasia, ku Australia komanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa United States. Ku Russia, imadutsa m'mitsinje yomwe imanyamula madzi awo kupita kunyanja Yakuda, Caspian ndi Azov. Kusuntha anthu nthawi yozizira ku Africa komweko ndi Indochina.
Ndipo mbalame zochepa m'nyengo yozizira zimakhalabe pafupi ndi zisa za makolo awo. Amakhala m'midzi, nthawi zambiri yoyandikana ndi mbalame zina zofananira - zitsamba, makapu ndi ziphuphu. Nthawi zambiri amakhala awiriawiri. Zisa zonse zimapezeka m'malo ovuta kufikako, panthambi za mitengo kapena tchire losadutsa.
Mwachitsanzo, nthumwi za ku Africa zimasankha mtundu wankhanza kwambiri wa mimosa, womwe Arabu amatcha "harazi" - "kudzitchinjiriza." Kuchokera m'nkhalango ndi nthambi, chisa chimawoneka ngati chimbudzi chachikulu chokhala ngati mbale yotseguka.
Zimapezeka kuti mbalame zonyezimira zimagwira zisa za anthu ena, mwachitsanzo, zitsamba zam'mlengalenga kapena abuluzi ena, koma kenako amazimanganso. Zinthu zabwino kwambiri kwa iwo ndi magombe amadzi kapena madambo.
Khalidwe lake limayenda kwambiri. Kawirikawiri mbalameyi imangoima chilili chilili chilili chilili-pompo, nthawi zambiri imadutsa dambo, ikudzipezera yokha chakudya. Nthawi zina amangokhala pansi kuti apumule pamtengo.
Samauluka kawirikawiri, nthawi zambiri chifukwa choopsa kapena chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira. Pouluka, mbalameyi imatambasula khosi lake ngati kireti, ndipo imapapasa mwamphamvu mapiko ake, amene amasinthana kwinaku akuyenda movutikira.
Zakudya zabwino
Pazakudya, Globe ndiyosankha, imagwiritsa ntchito masamba ndi nyama. Pamtunda, imapeza nsikidzi ndi mphutsi, mphutsi, agulugufe, mbewu za zomera zina. Ndipo mosungiramo imasaka tadpoles, nsomba zazing'ono, achule, njoka.
Mkate wokhala ndi mlomo wautali - scout chabe wangwiro. Chokoma chokondedwa - ma crustaceans. Chakudya chomera chimayimiriridwa ndi ndere. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, amuna amakonda kudya tizilombo, pomwe akazi amakonda nkhono.
Nthawi zina imagulitsa pafupi ndi malo osodza komanso komwe kumakhala anthu, kukagwira mwachangu nsomba zowetedwa. Kawirikawiri nyengoyi imakhudza zakudya - ngati achule ambiri amapezeka, amasankhidwa. Ndikulamulira kwa tizilombo, monga dzombe, mbalame zimatsogoleredwa ndi iwo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Makolo amtsogolo amayamba kumanga chisa mu theka lachiwiri la Marichi. Mbalame zonsezi zimagwira nawo ntchitoyi. Zinthu zoyambira zimatengedwa munthambi, mabango, masamba ndi udzu. Kukula kwa nyumbayo ndikodabwitsa - mpaka theka la mita m'mimba mwake, komanso mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mbale.
Kuzama kwa nyumbayi kuli pafupifupi masentimita 10, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwinakwake pachitsamba kapena pamtengo, womwe umalimbikitsanso kuzunzidwa ndi adani achilengedwe. Pofundira pali mazira 3-4 a mtundu wobiriwira wabuluu wobiriwira. Amakodwa ndi amayi awo. Kholo panthawiyi limagwira chitetezo, limapeza chakudya, koma nthawi zina limangobweretsa chibwenzi chake.
Anapiye amaswa patatha masiku 18-20. Poyamba amakhala okutidwa ndi zakuda ndipo samakonda kudya. Makolo amayenera kuwadyetsa nthawi 8-10 patsiku. Popita nthawi, chilakolakocho chimatha, ndipo kutuluka kumatha, ndikusandulika nthenga.
Amayamba kuthawa ali ndi zaka zitatu. Pakatha masiku ena asanu ndi awiri, amatha kuuluka okha paokha. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame zimakhala ndi moyo zaka 15-20. Koma nthawi ino imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilengedwe komanso kukhalapo kwa adani achilengedwe.
Adani achilengedwe
Mwachilengedwe, Globe ili ndi adani ambiri, koma samakumana nayo pafupipafupi. Kupezeka kwa malo okhala kumakhudza. Nthawi zambiri amapikisana ndi akhwangwala atavala nsalu. Amaba pagulu la mbalame zam'madzi, kutenga chakudya ndikuwononga zisa. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame iliyonse yodya nyama kapena nyama yolimba imatha kuvulaza nkhandweyo.
Koma munthu amamuwononga mwapadera. Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimasowa nyumba chifukwa chothirira. Pakati pa kusefukira kwamvula, zisa zimasefukira. Zomangamanga nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka bango likawotchedwa. Munthu amasaka mbalame, popeza ili ndi nyama yokoma kwambiri.
Komabe, ndiwofunika kwambiri m'malo osungira nyama. Nthengayo imazolowera kutengera ukapolo ndipo imakondwera ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso luntha losowa. Pakadali pano, nsombazi zidalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia, ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi. Kupatula apo, pali mitundu yochepera 10 zikwi ya mbalame zokongola izi.
Zosangalatsa
- M'masiku akale, anthu amakhulupirira kuti nkhumba ndi mbalame zauzimu. Monga ngati amangowuluka usiku, mwachangu ngati kuwombera mfuti. Amawoneka ndi kuwombera kokha, kutsata gulu lonselo mwachisawawa. Kuphatikiza apo, panali nthano kuti amaikira mazira m'mitambo momwe.
- Ndi akalulu, kuphatikiza akalulu onyezimira, omwe amadziwika kuti ndiwo amalosera za kusefukira kwa mitsinje. Kuyambira nthawi zakale, akhala akuwoneka m'mbali mwa mitsinje yakuya pafupi ndi madzi owopsa owopsa. Anthu okhala m'mbali mwa nyanja anali akudziwa bwino za izi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amachoka patsogolo pasanapite nthawi, limodzi ndi ng'ombe ndi katundu.
- Herodotus ankakhulupirira kuti mbalame zamtunduwu zimasaka zisa za njoka, kuzipha, choncho ndizodziwika kwambiri ku Egypt. Kuphatikiza apo, panali nthano kuti iwo samawopa ngakhale ankhandwe ndi zokwawa zina. Komabe, ngakhale kuti zikuwoneka ngati zongopeka pamapeto pake, munthu sayenera kuiwala kuti Aiguputo nthawi zambiri amapembedza nyama zomwe zimawathandiza. Chifukwa chake maziko azomwe akunenazi ndi zomveka - ibises amasaka njoka zazing'ono.
