Cuckoo - iyi ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zotchuka kwambiri, wokhala m'nkhalango, m'mapaki, omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi kuminda yamaluwa. Chikhalidwe chake "cuckoo" ndizosatheka kusokoneza ndi mawu ena anyama ndi mbalame. Chifukwa cha chizolowezi choponyera mazira awo ku zisa za anthu ena, dzinali lakhala dzina lanyumba. Ndipo mbalameyo yakhala ngwazi ya zizindikilo zambiri.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Cuckoo
M'magulu amakono a nkhaka monga mbalame, amapanga banja losiyana la nkhaka, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitundu 140 yosiyanasiyana. Kunja, mbalamezi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wina uliwonse komanso kukula kwake. Makulidwe amasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Mitundu ina imangokhala masentimita 17-20 okha, pomwe ina imafika 70 cm.
Kanema: Cuckoo
Woimira banja lotchuka ndi cuckoo wamba, womwe ndi woyambirira ndikupatsa dzinali banja lonse. Dzinalo lokha limachokera ku kulira kwa onomatopoeic kwa mbalame yamphongo.
Chosangalatsa: Achibale oyandikira kwambiri a nkhaka ndi mbalame monga bananoano, turaco ndi mbuzi, m'mbuyomu, limodzi ndi mbalame za nkhono, zimaphatikizidwa mu dongosolo la mbalame zatsopano. M'magulu apano, mbalame za cuckoo zokha ndizomwe zidatsalira motere.
Oyimira onse a cuckoo ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Ali ndi matupi otambasuka, osasintha. Mapikowo ndi aatali mofanana ndi thupi lonse. Mchira ndiwotalikiranso ndipo wapindika. Ma paw amafanana kwambiri ndi odutsa, koma ndi otalika pakatikati. Kuphatikiza apo, zala zakomwe zikuloza ziwiri kumbuyo ndi ziwiri kutsogolo. Kapangidwe ka nkhwangwa kamabweretsa pafupi ndi oimira mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe. Mlomo wa cuckoo, mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwa mtundu winawake, umakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mbedza lakuthwa kumapeto.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mbalame nkhaka
Kunja, cuckoo wamba amafanana ndi mpheta. Zambiri za nthenga, mawonekedwe am'mutu ndi mawonekedwe athawiyi ndizofanana kwambiri. Kufanana uku kumathandiza nkhaka kupulumuka. Kukula kwa cuckoo ndikofanana ndi nkhunda. Kutalika kwa mbalameyo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 33, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 100-180 g. Mapiko ake amakhala mkati mwa masentimita 56-65. Mchirawo ndi woboola pakati, koma wautali, chifukwa chake, kuphatikiza mapiko ang'onoang'ono, umathandiza mbalameyo kuyenda bwino m'nkhalango. Paws ndi ochepa, koma olimba kwambiri, nthawi zambiri samawoneka pamalo okhala.
Chosangalatsa: Mawotchiwa ali ndi zotchedwa zygodactyl dongosolo. Zala ziwiri za cuckoo zimayang'ana kutsogolo, ndipo ziwiri kumbuyo, ngati zopalira matabwa ndi mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zizikhala bwino panthambi, koma zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusunthira pamalo osanjikiza.
Nthenga za nkhaka ndizolimba. Ali ndi "mathalauza" aatali kumapazi awo. Ma cuckoos achimuna nthawi zambiri amakhala amdima wakuda, pomwe akazi amakhala ndi dzimbiri lofiirira kumbuyo ndi timatumba tating'onoting'ono takhosi ndi loyera lokhala ndi mikwingwirima pamimba ndi pachifuwa.
Nthawi zambiri, cuckoo wamba amakhala chete ndipo amakhala moyo wachinsinsi. Koma mchaka, komanso m'nthawi yoyamba yachilimwe, mbalame zamphongo zimakhala zaphokoso kwambiri komanso zowonekera, kuyesa kukopa chidwi chawo. Pakadali pano, m'nkhalango komanso m'mapaki, mutha kumva phokoso laphokoso kwambiri "cuckoo, cuckoo" ndikubwereza mobwerezabwereza ndikukweza pa syllable yoyamba. Pakakhala bata, mawu a mbalameyo amamveka bwino pamtunda wa makilomita awiri.
Kodi nkhaka zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Cuckoo m'chilengedwe
Mitundu yamitundu yonse ya cuckoo imagawidwa kumayiko onse, kupatula Antarctica. Amaphimba pafupifupi nyengo zonse zamtchire kupita kumtunda. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri imapezeka ku Eurasia ndi North America, makamaka m'malo otentha. Ma cuckoos wamba amapezeka kwambiri kumpoto kwa kumpoto. Amakhala kwambiri ku Europe ndi Asia, amagawidwa kuchokera ku Atlantic kupita kunyanja ya Pacific ndipo amapezeka ngakhale ku Kuriles, Commander Islands, Japan ndi Peninsula yaku Korea. Malire akumpoto amtundu wa nkhaka wamba amagwirizana ndi malire a magawidwe azitsamba zake.
Ma cuckoos wamba ndi mbalame zomwe zimakonda kusamuka. M'madera oberekera samakhala miyezi yopitilira itatu kapena inayi chaka chonse. Mtunda wofika kumadera ozizira kuchokera ku nkhono zokhala ndi mazira ukhoza kufika makilomita 5-6,000.
M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri zimauluka kupita kumadera akumwera, monga:
- Africa;
- India;
- South China.
Makoko ambiri amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zowirira, nthawi zambiri samakhala m'nkhalango zowirira, malo okhala m'nkhalango kapena m'nkhalango za m'nkhalango. Nkhuku zimapewa nkhalango za taiga ndi coniferous. Ku Central Asia, m'malo omwe mulibe zomera zochepa, amatha kukhala m'malo owoneka bwino, ngati pali mitengo yosiyana kapena zitsamba pafupi.
Kodi cuckoo amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Cuckoo waku Russia
Cuckoos amadziwika kuti ndi omnivores. Tizilombo timene timadya kwambiri mbalamezi, koma zimaphatikizaponso zakudya zamasamba, monga zipatso kapena mphukira zazing'ono.
Chakudya chomwe ndimakonda ku nkhaka:
- ziwala;
- udzudzu;
- mbozi kabichi;
- mbozi;
- kafadala;
- agulugufe (ndi ziphuphu);
- mbozi;
- ziphuphu.
Nkhukhwe zimadya mbozi zambiri zapoizoni komanso zaubweya, zomwe mbalame zina zimaopa kudya. Nthawi zina amadya abuluzi ang'onoang'ono komanso amadya mazira a mbalame. Nthawi zambiri amakola pansi kapena panthambi, kaŵirikaŵiri tizilombo timagwidwa pa ntchentche.
Ngakhale mbalamezo ndizocheperako, zimakonda kwambiri. Izi ndizogwirizana mwachindunji ndi kudzikundikira kwamafuta ochepera, omwe amafunikira maulendo ataliatali nthawi yachisanu. Chilakolako cha nkhaka chimachepa pokhapokha nyengo yakumasirana, pomwe mphamvu zonse ndi chidwi zimaponyedwa pakufunafuna awiriawiri. Udyera umakhalanso ndi anapiye a cuckoo, omwe amalemera komanso kukula msanga kuposa anapiye a mbalame zina zonse.
Zosangalatsa: Mu ola limodzi, mbalame imodzi yayikulu imatha kudya mbozi pafupifupi 100. Ndipo avareji ya tsiku lililonse ndi mbozi zosachepera 1,500.
Amakhulupirira kuti kuwononga tizilombo tambiri ndi nkhaka ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri poteteza zachilengedwe za m'nkhalango ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zikukula. Chifukwa chake, ma cuckoos si mbalame zovulaza, koma ndi zothandiza, ngakhale kuli kwakuti kulera anapiye awo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Cuckoo
Nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa cuckoo wamba ndi zaka 9 mpaka 11. Cuckoos ndi mbalame zobisalira komanso zochenjera ndipo amakhala chete. Kulira kwamakhalidwe kumangomveka nthawi yokhwima kuyambira nthawi yapakatikati mpaka nthawi yachilimwe. Iwo samasiya zochitika zofunikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuziwona.
Njira yamoyo nthawi yayitali masana, nthawi yayikulu mbalame imakhala yotanganidwa kudya chakudya. Chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake, nkhwangwa siyimasinthidwa kuti iziyenda pansi, chifukwa chake, ikatsikira kukadya, nthawi yomweyo imawuluka ndikudya tizilombo kapena buluzi wogwidwa panthambi zapafupi. Chifukwa cha izi, cuckoo imasiyanso zotsalira pansi.
Mbalame sizimanga kapena kumanga zisa zawo. Ma cuckoos wamba ndi ena mwa majeremusi apamwamba kwambiri. Samalera anapiye, ndipo amaponyera mazira awo ku zisa za anthu ena. Zotsatira zake, mbalame zakunja kwathunthu zimakhala ngati zopezera ana chakudya komanso kuphunzitsa anapiye a nkhono.
Chosangalatsa: Evolution yatsogolera kuti nkhaka imatha kuyikira mazira otsanzira, kubwereza kwathunthu mtundu wa mazira a mbalame zomwe zidzaikidwe zisa zawo. Pamodzi mwa ziwonetserozi, pafupifupi mazira zana a ma cuckoo amitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku zoyera, zowoneka bwino zowoneka ndi buluu lowala adawonetsedwa.
Kuyika dzira mu chisa cha wina kumatenga masekondi ochepa. Zisanachitike izi, nkhandwe yamphongo imatha kuzungulira chisa, chosonyeza chilombo. Pogwiritsa ntchito kuti eni ake amachoka pachisa panthawiyi, mkazi amawulukira pamenepo ndikuikira dzira lake. Nthawi zina ma cuckoos amaikira mazira m'mapanga, ndipo ngati mbalameyo singawuluke pamenepo, imatha kuikira dzira chapafupi, kenako ndikupita nayo kudzenje mothandizidwa ndi mulomo wake.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Cuckoo yaying'ono
Ma cuckoos wamba amakhala okha komanso mitala. Samasonkhana pagulu, ndipo awiriawiri amapangika nyengo imodzi. Koma nthawi yomweyo, miyambo yakukwera kwa mbalamezi imadzaza ndi zachikondi. Nthawi zambiri yamphongo imawomba mchira wake ngati feni ndipo imakodola chachikazi. Mutu wake wotsika ndi mapiko ake ndi zizindikiritso komanso chidwi. Amuna amathanso kupereka nthambi kapena tsinde ngati chisonyezo. Kuberekana kumachitika kuyambira mkatikati mwa masika mpaka nthawi yachilimwe.
Mwanjira yodziwika, palibe malo okhala nkhaka. Pamalo omwewo, mutha kupeza wamkazi komanso wamwamuna angapo, komanso mosemphanitsa. Malo obisalira amatha kuonedwa ngati malo omwe chikazi chachikazi chimasaka zisa za anthu ena kuti ziikire mazira ake, m'modzi aliyense. Koma nthawi zina akazi awiri amakumana m'dera lomwelo. Poterepa, zimawononga mbalame zamitundumitundu.
Chosangalatsa: Nthawi yosanjikiza ya mazira a cuckoo wamba ndi 11, osachepera masiku 12. Chifukwa chake, cuckoo amabadwa abale ake asanabadwe ndipo amakhala ndi mwayi wopitilira iwo pakulimbana chakudya chomwe makolo awo omulera amabweretsa.
M'masiku anayi oyambilira, chikhalidwe cha mwana wankhuku cholinga chake ndi kuchotsa mazira otsalawo ndikumaswa anapiye pachisa. Cuckoo amakhala pansi pa kankhuku kena, kenako nkubwerera m'mphepete mwa chisa, pomwe imawongoka kuti wovulalayo awuluke. Amachita izi mwachilengedwe, ndipo pakatha masiku anayi chibadwa chimatha.
Kukhalapo kwayekha kwa cuckoo kumayamba patatha masiku 40 kutuluka, nthenga zonse zitapangidwa mu mbalameyo. Mpaka nthawi ino, mwana wankhuku amadyetsa makolo olera. Kudyetsa kumachitika mosalekeza, ngakhale nkhaka zimakula kuposa zomwe mbalame zimadyetsa. Cuckoo amatha kuchoka pachisa ngakhale patadutsa masiku 20, koma chifukwa chakuti imalira mikhalidwe yopempha chakudya, makolo olerawo amapitilizabe kuidyetsa ngakhale pambuyo pake.
Adani achilengedwe a nkhaka
Chithunzi: Cuckoo
Akuluakulu ali ndi adani ochepa, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kutha kwa kutuluka kwa cuckoo wamba komanso kufanana kwake kwa mawonekedwe ake ndi mbalame zodya nyama.
Kawirikawiri kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina, cuckoo ikhoza kuukiridwa:
- orioles;
- ophulika imvi;
- zankhondo;
- kugunda;
- mbalame zina.
Kuukira kumachitika makamaka pa anapiye omwe angosiya kumene zisa za makolo awo owalera, ndipo pachifukwa ichi sanapeze chidziwitso chokwanira komanso kuthawirako.
Nyama zokonda kudya monga nkhandwe, martens, weasels ndi amphaka zitha kupatsanso mbalame ngozi. Koma nthawi zambiri samakumana ndi nkhwangwa m'manja, chifukwa chosavuta kuti asayandikire padziko lapansi, ndipo ngati atatsika, ndiye kuti angoukira nyama zawo, zomwe zimachitika mosamala mosamala.
Oba zisa monga akhwangwala ndi jay nawonso amawopseza nkhaka ndi mazira. Ngakhale kuti nkhaka sizimanga zisa zawo konse, koma zimayikira mazira alendo, zisa za anthu ena nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka, chifukwa chake anapiye amatha kuphedwa, ndipo mazira amathanso kudyedwa ndi chilombo chomwe chakwera mchisa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Mbalame ya Cuckoo
Cuckoo wamba ndi mitundu yosadetsa nkhawa. Kutalika kwake ndikokulirapo. Ku Ulaya masiku ano kuli mabanja okwana pafupifupi mamiliyoni awiri. Pachifukwa ichi, mbalame sizitetezedwa, ndipo palibe njira zina zomwe zingatengeke kuti ziwonjezeke.
Chosangalatsa: Cuckoo imatha kuikira mazira 20 nyengo iliyonse. Tizilombo tachisanu chilichonse nthawi zambiri timakhala anthu akuluakulu.
Kudzikweza, kusinthasintha kwabwino, kuchuluka kwa zakudya zosiyanasiyana komanso kusapezeka kwa adani othandiza amathandiza nkhono kupulumuka. Zimathandizanso kuti nkhaka zimatha kudya mbozi zakupha, zomwe mbalame zina sizimanyalanyazidwa nazo, kotero ngakhale munthawi zovuta sachita mantha ndi mpikisano wapakati.
Komabe, zigawo zina, kuchuluka kwa nkhaka zofala zikuchepa, zomwe zimakhudzana ndikukula kwa mizinda komanso kuchepa kwa masamba amitengo. Ndiye kuti, chifukwa chakuchepa ndikusowa kwachilengedwe kwa mbalameyi. Mu 2001, mitunduyi idaphatikizidwa mu Red Book of Moscow, mgulu lachiwiri, monga mtundu wokhala ndi nambala yocheperako. Mpaka pano, palibe kusintha kwakukulu pamtundu wamtunduwu, mwina kupitilira kapena kutsika, ukuwonetsedwa poyerekeza ndi nthawi ya 1990-2000.
Kulondera nkhaka
Chithunzi: Cuckoo wochokera ku Red Book
Kudera la Moscow, pafupifupi nkhalango zonse zomwe zimasakanikirana ndi nkhono zapatsidwa gawo lachilengedwe lotetezedwa, kapena malowa akhala gawo lofanana pafupi.
Zimadziwika kuti chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza anthu wamba cuckoo ndikuchulukirachulukira kwachilengedwe komanso malo obiriwira obiriwira chifukwa chakumangika kwa nyumba zamatawuni komanso chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira. Chifukwa chake, mwazinthu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zikukonzekera kukonza zachilengedwe zam'mizinda, chachikulu ndikubwezeretsa moyo wamakhaka ndi odutsa ang'ono m'mapaki am'mizinda, malo obiriwira ndi malamba am'nkhalango.
Cuckoo amayang'anitsitsa, makamaka m'chigawo cha Moscow. Kuphatikiza apo, zadziwika kuti njira yofunikira pakukonza ndi kumanganso madera achilengedwe ndi mapaki ndikutsatira zofunikira zakusunga zakudya - nyama zopanda mafupa. Kuphatikiza apo, akukonzekeranso kukhazikitsa lamulo loletsa kumanganso nkhalango ndi kuphweka kwa kapangidwe kake kapena kapangidwe kake, komanso kukhazikitsa ndikukhazikitsa mapulogalamu angapo apadera obwezeretsa madera achilengedwe m'madambo amtsinje mu mzinda ndi dera.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 23.05.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 20.09.2019 pa 20:49
