Pali zolengedwa zambiri zodabwitsa padziko lathu lapansi, wodya nyereremwina mmodzi wa iwo. Kupatula apo, mawonekedwe ake osakumbukika ndiwosaiwalika. Iye ali ngati mlendo yemwe adatsika kuchokera mumlengalenga kapena ngwazi yachilendo pamasamba azithunzithunzi zokongola. Ngakhale Salvador Dali iyemwini adalimbikitsidwa ndi nyama yodyerayo kotero adasankha kukhala m'modzi woyamba kukhala ndi chiweto chachilendo chotere, chomwe chimakondweretsa ndikudabwitsa aliyense womuzungulira.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Anteater
Kuchokera encyclopedia iliyonse yokhudza nyama, mutha kudziwa kuti nyama zoyamwitsa zomwe zili ndi mano osakwanira ndi za banja lazinyama. Chifukwa cha zofukulidwa zakale ku South America, asayansi adatha kupeza zotsalira za nyamazi, zomwe amati ndi nthawi ya Miocene. Komabe, akatswiri a zoo amalingalira kuti malo odyetsera nyama ndi akale kwambiri ndipo amapezeka kale kwambiri.
Asayansi amasiyanitsa mitundu itatu ndi banja lodabwitsali:
- Zinyama zazikulu (zazikulu);
- Zinyama zazing'ono zinayi kapena tamandua;
- Malo owonera malo ocheperako.
Mitundu ya malo owonetserako mitundu ina yamitundu yosiyanasiyana amasiyana kwambiri osati m'maonekedwe, m'malo awo, komanso m'moyo wawo. Tiyeni tiganizire mwatsatanetsatane mitundu iliyonse.
Kanema: Anteater
Chiphona chachikulu chimayenera kulandira dzinali, chifukwa ndi chachikulu kwambiri m'banja lawo. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumafika mita imodzi ndi theka, ndipo ngati muwonjezera mchira, mumapeza pafupifupi zonse zitatu. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mchira wake ndiwofewa kwambiri ndipo amawoneka wachuma.
Unyinji wa nyama yakudya yayikulu pafupifupi 40 kg. Amakhala yekha padziko lapansi. Amayenda, akupinda zikhomo zake m'njira yosangalatsa, kuti asadalire zikhadabo zazikulu, koma masitepe kumbuyo kwa miyendo yakutsogolo. Pakamwa pamakhala patali kwambiri. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa lilime lalitali lokwanira pafupifupi 60 cm limayikidwa mmenemo.
Tamandua kapena zala zazing'ono zamiyendo inayi ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi zam'mbuyomu, zimamangidwa pang'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi masentimita 55 mpaka 90, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 4 mpaka 8. Lili ndi dzina lake chifukwa lili ndi zala zinayi zamiyendo m'miyendo yakutsogolo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, zikhadabo za kumiyendo yakutsogolo ndizitali, ndipo kumbuyo kwake miyendo yazitali zisanu ndi yayifupi.
Mchira wake ndi wautali, wogwira, wokhala ndi nsonga yopanda ubweya, wokhoza kumamatira bwino panthambi. Nyama iyi imamva bwino pansi komanso pampando wamitengo.
Nyamayi imakhalanso ndi dzina lake, chifukwa mwana uyu samapitilira masentimita 20 m'litali ndipo amangolemera magalamu pafupifupi mazana anayi okha. Mwana uyu amakhala m'mitengo yokhayokha, akuyenda korona wobiriwira mothandizidwa ndi mchira wake wautali, wotetemera komanso miyendo yakutsogolo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Wodyetsa nyama
Tapeza kale kuti oimira malo ochitira zanyama amitundu yosiyanasiyana amawoneka osiyana kwambiri, koma, zowonadi, pali zina zomwe zimawoneka bwino. Chimodzi mwazinthuzi ndi kupezeka kwa lilime lalitali, lokutidwa ndi malovu omata, kuti zitheke kudya tizilombo. Chinthu china chofala kwa onse ndi chitseko chophatikizika, chofanana ndi chubu, pakamwa pake pamapangidwa ngati kabowo kakang'ono.
Makutu ang'onoang'ono ozungulira ndi maso ang'onoang'ono ndi ofanana kwa onse. Kuphatikiza apo, malo ochitira zisudzo amakhala ndi mayendedwe apadera, chifukwa amaika miyendo yawo kumbuyo kwa mawoko awo kuti zikhadabo zisapumule pansi.
Oyimira onse amawonetsera ali ndi mchira. Mwa iwo omwe amakhala ndi moyo wopambanitsa, ndi olimba komanso okhazikika, alibe ubweya wautali, ndipo mu sewero lalikulu, ndi lalikulu komanso lofewa.
Mwa oimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mkazi amakhala wocheperako pang'ono kuposa wamwamuna. Mapazi oyambilira a malo onse ochitira zisudzo amakhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali, zamphamvu, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe amadziteteza ndikukwera nthambi. Miyendo yakumbuyo sinatambasulidwe ngati yakutsogolo, zikhadabo zake ndizocheperako. Chinyama chilichonse, mosatengera mtundu ndi mtundu wake, chimakhala ndi malaya amoto. Ena ali ndi ubweya waufupi komanso wofewa, pomwe ena amakhala ndi ubweya wolimba, wamiyendo komanso wautali kwambiri.
Mtundu wa malo odyera ndi osiyana. Ena ali ndi malaya agolide a beige, ena ndi otuwa mdima wokhala ndi zinthu zakuda. Mimba nthawi zambiri imakhala yotuwa ndi mitsempha yoyera kapena yachikasu. Mtundu wa zisudzo zakumiyendo inayi ndizofanana ndi mtundu wa panda wamkulu. Ali ndi thupi lowala, ngati kuti wavala chovala chakuda. Chinthu china chofala kwa malo onse odyetsera ndi kulimba kwakukulu kwa mafupa atali a chigaza. Kuphatikiza apo, zolengedwa zodabwitsazi zilibe mano konse, ndipo nsagwada zawo zakumunsi ndizitali kwambiri, zowonda komanso zopanda mphamvu.
Kodi chinyama chimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Anteater waku South America
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malo odyetsera nyama imafalikira ku Central ndi South America, okhala m'malo otsatirawa:
- Mexico;
- Bolivia;
- Brazil;
- Paraguay;
- Argentina;
- Peru;
- Panama;
- Uruguay.
Choyambirira, malo ochitira zachilengedwe amadzikongoletsa m'nkhalango zam'malo otentha, ngakhale ena amakhala m'malo otseguka. Amakonda kupezeka m'mphepete mwa madamu osiyanasiyana. Poyang'ana malo omwe amatumizidwa kwamuyaya, zikuwonekeratu kuti ndi nyama zomwe zimakonda kutentha zomwe zimakonda nyengo yotentha.
Ngati tilingalira momwe nyama izi zilili, ndiye kuti zimasiyana malinga ndi njira yamoyo (yapadziko lapansi kapena yopitilira muyeso) yomwe kanyama kameneka kamatsogolera. M'malo ochitira zikuluzikulu, nthawi zambiri amakhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakumbidwa pansi pomwe amagonamo, nthawi zina amakhala pabowo lalikulu lomwe linasiyidwa ndi nyama zina. Oimira azala zinayi zanyumba zodyera amakonda mapako amitengo, ndikupanga zisa zabwino komanso zabwino.
Malo owonetseramo ziweto amakhalanso m'mabowo, ang'onoang'ono okha, koma nthawi zambiri amatha kuwoneka akupuma, atapachikidwa panthambi, pomwe amamatira mwamphamvu ndi zikhadabo zawo zopindika kumiyendo yawo yakutsogolo. Miyendo yolimba yokhala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa imagwira bwino, motero samaopa kugwa ngakhale kugona m'malo oyimitsidwa.
Kodi chodyera nyama chimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Anteater nyama
Sikovuta konse kulingalira zomwe zilipo mndandanda wazakudya, kuweruza ndi dzina la nyama yabwinoyi. Mwachilengedwe, iyi ndi nyerere zambiri ndi chiswe. Nyama sizinyoza mitundu ina yonse ya tizilombo, chofunikira kwambiri ndichakuti ndizazing'ono, chifukwa chodyera chilibe mano. Pachifukwa ichi, nyama zimameza chakudya chathunthu, kenako zimayesedwa m'mimba. Kawirikawiri, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timakhala tochepa, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadya.
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, malo odyera nyama amakonda kwambiri chakudya chawo, amadziwa zambiri za chiswe ndi nyerere. Samadya nyerere za asirikali ndi tizilombo tomwe timatetezedwa ndi mankhwala. Malo odyera amadya tizilombo tambiri. Mwachitsanzo, nyamayi imadya nyerere ndi chiswe mpaka 30,000 patsiku, ndipo chimbudzi chodyera cha miyendo inayi chimadya pafupifupi 9,000.
Nthawi zambiri, nyama sizigwiritsa ntchito madzi, zimakhalanso ndi madzi okwanira omwe amalowa mthupi ndi chakudya. Koma asayansi, akatswiri a zoo, apeza kuti nthawi zina amadya zipatso za mgwalangwa, kutulutsa chinyezi ndi zakudya zina zamtengo wapatali mothandizidwa ndi zikhadabo zazikulu.
Malo oyeretsera maphokoso amafanana ndi malo oyeretsa omwe amayenda m'nkhalango ndi m'chipululu chofunafuna milu ya chiswe ndi mapiri a nyerere. Atamupeza iye, phwando lenileni limayamba kwa nyama yakudya, kumaliziratu kuwonongera ndi kuwononga tizilombo, timene timayamwa mnyumba mwawo. Lilime lalitali la nyama yotchedwa anteater likamadya, limathamanga kwambiri ngati mphezi, ndipo limathamanga kwambiri maulendo 160 pamphindi. Tizilombo timatsatira monga chomata, chomwe sichingachotsedwe.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti m'mimba mwa nyama yolusa mulibe hydrochloric acid, yomwe imathandizira kugaya chakudya. Amalowetsedwa ndi formic acid, yomwe imalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya. Nthawi zina malo odyera, monga mbalame, kumeza mchenga ndi miyala yaying'ono, amachita izi kuti athandize kugaya, kulimbitsa.
Kuphatikiza apo, malo onse owonera ali ndi metabolism yotsika kwambiri. M'malo opangira zisudzo, kutentha kwa thupi kumangokhala madigiri a 32.7, ndiye otsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zinyama zina zam'mimba. M'malo ochitira zala zazinayi ndi zazing'ono, ndipamwamba, koma osati zochuluka.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, nyama zodyeramo ziweto zimadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana kuposa anzawo zakutchire. Amasangalala kudya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zamtundu uliwonse, kumwa mkaka, kukonda tchizi, nyama yosungunuka, mpunga wophika. Awa ndi ma gourmets, koma ndibwino kuti musawazolowere maswiti, ndizowavulaza kwambiri.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chinyama chachikulu
M'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malo odyera, njira ya moyo wawo ndiyosiyana mwachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, nyumba zikuluzikulu zodyera zimakhala ndi moyo wapadziko lapansi, malo ocheperako ochepa amatsogola, ndipo malo ochezera amiyala anayi amaphatikiza zonse ziwiri. Nyama zimakhala zotanganidwa kwambiri madzulo. Mwachilengedwe chawo, zolengedwa zachilendozi zimakhala zosungulumwa, kupatula zazikazi zomwe zimakhala ndi ana, ngakhale abambo akhala akulera ana kwakanthawi.
Kawirikawiri, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi amapanga mabungwe olimba am'banja, khalidweli ndilopadera kwa iwo, koma izi, zimachitika. Chilengedwe sichinapatse malo owonerawa chidwi chakumva komanso kuwona kwamaso, koma kununkhira kwawo ndikwabwino kwambiri, ndipo kumathandizira pakusaka yummy. Kutha kwina kwa malo ochitira masewerawa ndikutha kusambira, kukhalabe pamadzi molimba mtima komanso kuthana ndi magulu akuluakulu amadzi.
Ponena za kakonzedwe ka nyumba, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ili ndi zokonda zosiyanasiyana. Tamandua amakondedwa ndi maenje akuluakulu mumitengo, momwe amapanga zisa zabwino. Malo ochitira zikondwerero zazikulu amakumba mabowo apansi, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito popumula, ndipo amatha maola 15 patsiku. Monga chobisalira ndi bulangeti, zimabisala nthawi imodzi ndi mchira wawo wolemera, ngati wokonda zobiriwira. Nthumwi zoimira malo ochitira zodyera nthawi zambiri zimapuma, zikulendewera mwachindunji panthambi mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yakutsogolo yakuthwa, ndipo zimakulunga mchira wawo kumbuyo kwazitsulo.
Odyera ali ndi magawo awoawo komwe amadyera. Ngati pali chakudya chokwanira, magawo onsewa siochulukirapo, koma amafikira theka la kilomita imodzi, malo oterewa amapezeka ku Panama. Kumene kulibe chakudya chochuluka, chiwembu cha nyama yomwe imadya nyamayi imatha kufikira mahekitala 2.5.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti tamandua imagwira ntchito osati madzulo okha, imatha kukhala maso tsiku lonse. Ngati palibe chowopseza nyama yayikuluyi, ili m'malo abata komanso odekha, itha kukhalanso yogwira masana, zimadalira malo oyandikana nawo.
Mwambiri, malo owonera sakhala aukali komanso amakhalidwe abwino, amakonda kukhala mwamtendere ndi mitundu ina ya nyama ndipo sadzakhala oyamba kuukira.
Iwo omwe ali ndi nyama yakudya nyama amati nyama zimakula mokwanira, amaphunzira malamulo ambiri, osangalatsa eni ake. Nthawi zambiri, tamandua amasungidwa ngati chiweto, ngakhale wojambula wotchuka Salvador Dali nthawi ina adakonda nyama yayikulu, akumamuyenda m'misewu ya Parisian ndi leash ya golide, zomwe zidadabwitsa iwo omwe anali pafupi naye.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mwana wa Anteater
Monga tanenera kale, malo ochitira masewerawa ndi nyama zokha zomwe zimakonda kukhala kunja kwa gulu. Pokhapokha pakakhala nthawi yokwatirana ndi kulera ana ndipamene amapanga mgwirizano wam'banja kwakanthawi kochepa. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti wamwamuna amathandizira wamkazi kusamalira mwana wamba, zomwe mosakayikira zimamupangitsa kukhala wowonjezera. Ngakhale pali zosiyana pakati pa nyama zodabwitsazi, kawirikawiri zimatha kupanga mabanja kwa zaka zambiri kapena moyo wonse, zikuwoneka kuti, ichi ndiye chikondi chenicheni.
Tamandua ndi chimphona chachikulu chimakhala ndi nthawi yawo yaukwati kumapeto. Kutalika kwa pakati pamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumatha miyezi itatu mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Masika, makolo amakhala ndi mwana mmodzi. Ali ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa ndipo amakwera msana wamayi mwachangu. Abambo amanyamula mwana wawo kumsana, kwakanthawi kwakanthawi akuthandiza mayi ake ku maphunziro. Kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, mkazi amamuyamwitsa mwana ndi mkaka wake, ngakhale nthawi zambiri ngakhale mpaka chaka chimodzi ndi theka, khandalo limakhala ndi mayi ake kufikira atakula.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mu nyama zikuluzikulu zodyeramo ziweto, khandalo ndi kope kakang'ono ka makolo ake, pomwe pa chala chake chachinayi sichimawoneka ngati iwo konse ndipo mwina limakhala lakuda kwathunthu kapena loyera.
Malo ochitira zachilengedwe ochepa nthawi zambiri amakwatirana nthawi yachilimwe. Abambo amathandizanso mayi wocheperako kulera mwana. Mwa onse oimira malo odyetserako ziweto, makanda okalamba amadyetsa osati mkaka wokha, komanso tizilombo tomwe timabwezeretsedwanso ndi makolo awo, motero kuzolowera chakudya cha akulu.
Malo odyetserako ziweto angatchedwe kuti ali ndi zaka zana zakubadwa, chifukwa, avareji, oimira nyama zapaderazi amakhala zaka 16 mpaka 18, ndipo zitsanzo zina zidapulumuka mpaka 25.
Adani achilengedwe amasewera
Chithunzi: Anteater
Ngati kuthengo kwa nyama zikuluzikulu zamiyendo inayi zodya nyama zazikulu monga ma cougars ndi nyamazi zimakhala adani, ndiye kuti oimira anzawo am'banja la ziwombankhanga ali ndi zoopsa zambiri, ngakhale mbalame zazikulu ndi ma boas amatha kuwopseza.
Pamphaka yayikulu, chida chake chachikulu ndi zikhadabo zazikulu za masentimita khumi, zomwe zimatha kuthyolathyola mdani, ngati mipeni yakuthwa. Pakumenya, nyama imayimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo, ndipo imamenyana ndi wotsutsana ndi miyendo yakutsogolo, miyendo yolimba iyi imatha kuphwanya mdani. Nthawi zambiri, olusa powona kulimba mtima koteroko ndi mphamvu, amachoka ndipo samayanjana ndi nyamayi yayikulu, chifukwa amawona kuti ndi mdani wowopsa komanso wamphamvu wokhoza kubweretsa zilonda zazikulu.
Malo owonera mitengo ang'onoang'ono amadzitetezeranso molimba mtima, ngakhale atakhala ochepa. Amayimiranso pamiyendo yawo yakumbuyo, ndikusunga zikhadabo zakutsogolo zawo kuti akanthe mdaniyo. Chinyama chamiyendo inayi, limodzi ndi zida zazikulu zodzitchinjiriza, chimagwiritsanso ntchito chinsinsi chapadera, chomwe chimasungidwa ndi ma gland ake, ndikuwopseza adani ndi fungo losasangalatsa.
Komabe, anthu amakhudza kwambiri ziwombankhanga, kuziwononga, mwachindunji komanso kudzera m'moyo wawo wokangalika.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Giant Anteater
Chifukwa choti malo onse odyera sakonda kudya ndipo amakhala ndi ana ochepa, kuchuluka kwawo ndikochepa ndipo chaka chilichonse kumachepa chifukwa cholowererapo anthu.
Anthu achilengedwe samakonda kusaka nyama zosadya nyama chifukwa cha nyama yawo. Zikopa za chimbudzi chamiyendo inayi nthawi zina chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zikopa, koma kawirikawiri komanso pang'ono. Ngakhale zonsezi, nthumwi zazikuluzikulu za malo owonera zachilengedwe zikusoweka m'malo awo omwe amakhala ku Central America, ndipo m'malo ambiri asowa kale.
Izi zimachitika chifukwa malo awo okhazikika atha kuwonongedwa chifukwa cha zochitika za anthu, zomwe zimachotsa malo obisalako m'malo omwe amakhala, kudula nkhalango, kulima masanna, zomwe zimabweretsa kufa kwa zolengedwa zapaderazi.
M'madera aku South America, alenje kufunafuna zikho zachilendo zimawononga malo owonera, amawopsezedwanso ndi ogulitsa nyama zakunja, omwe amazigwira mokakamiza. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuzindikira kuti malo odyera nyama awonongedweratu m'malo ena a Brazil ndi Peru.
Tamandua nawonso amasakidwa, koma osati wamba, koma masewera ogwiritsa ntchito agalu.Izi ndichifukwa choti chinyama ndichosangalatsa komanso chimadzitchinjiriza kuti chipulumutse moyo wake. Nthawi zambiri, malo ochitira zovundikira amafera pansi pamiyala yamagalimoto, koma chowopseza chachikulu ndikuwonongeka kwa malo awo okhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa kusowa kwa chakudya komanso kufa kwa nyama.
Kuteteza ku Anteater
Chithunzi: Anteater wochokera ku Red Book
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa malo onse ochitira zodyera ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo akupitilira kuchepa, ndi chimphona chachikulu choyimira banjali chomwe chidatchulidwa mu Red Book. Munthu ayenera kulingalira mozama za zotsatira zake zoyipa kwa nthumwi zambiri za nyama, kuphatikizapo nyama zodyera, nyama zodabwitsa izi siziyenera kuloledwa kutha.
Pamapeto pake, zatsalira kuwonjezera izi wodya nyerere osati choyambirira, chachilendo komanso chosazolowereka, komanso mwamtendere komanso sakonda kukangana, mwina ndi nyerere ndi chiswe. Maonekedwe ake odabwitsa amakhumudwitsa ambiri. Komabe, ngakhale zili choncho, anthu ena sachita manyazi kupeza chiweto chotere, kumamupatsa chisangalalo chonse ndi chikondi. Ndizopweteka kudziwa kuti si aliyense amene ali ndi mtima wabwino, chifukwa chake pali malo ocheperako padziko lapansi, omwe, omwe, ndiyofunika kuwalingalira ndikuwatenga onse kuti akhale otetezeka komanso odalirika.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 25.03.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/18/2019 ku 22:27
