Akambuku achi Malay Ndi nyama yokongola koma yowopsa, yaying'ono kwambiri pamitundu yonse ya akambuku. Mpaka 2004, ma subspecies oterewa kunalibe. Iwo anali a kambuku wa Indo-Chinese. Komabe, pakuphunzira kwamitundu yambiri, ma subspecies osiyana adasiyanitsidwa. Monga momwe mungaganizire kuchokera pa dzinalo, mutha kuyipeza ku Malaysia kokha.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Malay Tiger
Malo okhala akambuku achi Malay ndi gawo laling'ono la Malaysia (Kuala Terengganu, Pahang, Perak ndi Kelantan) ndi madera akumwera a Thailand. Makamaka akambuku ndi mitundu yaku Asia. Kubwerera ku 2003, ma subspecies awa adayikidwa ngati kambuku wa Indo-Chinese. Koma mu 2004, anthu adapatsidwa gawo lina - Panthera tigris jacksoni.
Izi zisanachitike, gulu la asayansi aku America ochokera ku National Cancer Institute adachita kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana, pomwe adagwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa DNA, kusiyanasiyana kwamatenda a subspecies kunadziwika, kulola kuti ziwoneke ngati mitundu ina.
Kanema: Malay Tiger
Anthu kumpoto kwa Malaysia alowererana ndi kumwera kwa Thailand. M'nkhalango zing'onozing'ono komanso m'malo aulimi osiyidwa, nyama zimapezeka m'magulu, bola ngati anthu ndi ochepa komanso ali kutali ndi misewu ikuluikulu. Ku Singapore, akambuku omaliza achiMalay adawonongedwa m'zaka za m'ma 1950.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwaposachedwa, palibe anthu opitilira 500 amtunduwu omwe atsalira m'chilengedwe. Izi zimakweza gawo lachitatu la manambala pakati pa ma subspecies onse. Mtundu wa kambuku wa ku Malay ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi Indo-Chinese, ndipo kukula kwake kuli pafupi ndi Sumatran.
Chosangalatsa: Zikhulupiriro zina zimanena kuti nyalugwe wa mano akuthwa anali kholo la mitundu yonse ya odyetsawa. Komabe, sichoncho. Pokhala m'banja lamphaka, mtundu uwu umatengedwa ngati mphaka wokhala ndi mano opatsirana osati tiger.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal Tiger Tiger
Poyerekeza ndi abale ake, kambuku wa chi Malay ndi wocheperako:
- Amuna amatalika masentimita 237 (kuphatikiza mchira);
- Akazi - 203 cm;
- Kulemera kwa amuna kumakhala mkati mwa makilogalamu 120;
- Akazi amalemera osapitirira 100 kg;
- Kutalika kwa kufota kumayambira masentimita 60-100.
Thupi la kambuku wa chi Malay limasinthasintha komanso ndichisomo, mchira ndi wautali ndithu. Wolemera mutu wamutu wokhala ndi chigaza chachikulu chakumaso. Pansi pa makutu ozunguliridwa ndi mawonekedwe amphuno. Maso akulu okhala ndi ana ozungulira amawona chilichonse cha utoto. Masomphenya ausiku amakula bwino. Vibrissae ndi yoyera, yotanuka, yokonzedwa m'mizere 4-5.
Ali ndi mano 30 mwamphamvu pakamwa pawo, ndipo mayini ndi omwe atalikirapo kwambiri m'banjamo. Amathandizira kuti agwire mwamphamvu khosi la wozunzidwayo, zomwe zimamupangitsa kuti amunyonge mpaka atasiya kuwonetsa zamoyo. Ma canine ndi akulu komanso opindika, nthawi zina kutalika kwa mano apamwamba kumafika 90 mm.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Chifukwa cha lilime lalitali komanso loyenda lokhala ndi ma tubercles, lakuthwa kwathunthu ndi epithelium yolimba, kambuku wa ku Malawi amangovula khungu pakhungu la wovutitsidwayo, ndi nyama m'mafupa ake.
Pamiyendo yolimba komanso yotakata kutsogolo kuli zala zisanu, pa miyendo yakumbuyo - 4 yokhala ndi zikhadabo zochotseka kwathunthu. Pamiyendo ndi kumbuyo chovalacho ndichakuda komanso chachifupi, pamimba chimakhala chachitali komanso chofewa. Thupi lalanje-lalanje limadutsa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yopingasa. Mawanga oyera kuzungulira maso, masaya komanso pafupi ndi mphuno. Mimba ndi chibwano ndizoyera.
Akambuku ambiri amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yoposa 100 pa matupi awo. Pafupifupi, mchira uli ndi mikwingwirima 10 yopingasa. Koma palinso 8-11. Pansi pake pa mchira nthawi zambiri simazunguliridwa ndi mphete zolimba. Nsonga ya mchira nthawi zonse imakhala yakuda. The ntchito yaikulu ya mikwingwirima ndi kubisa pamene kusaka. Chifukwa cha iwo, nyalugwe amatha kubisala m'nkhalango kwa nthawi yayitali osazindikira.
Zosangalatsa: Chinyama chilichonse chili ndi mikwingwirima yapadera, kuti athe kusiyanitsa wina ndi mnzake. Akambuku amakhalanso ndi khungu lamizeremizere. Ng'ombezo zikadulidwa, ubweya wakuda umera pamizere yakuda, ndondomekoyi imabwezeretsedwa ndikufanana ndi yoyambayo.
Kodi nyalugwe amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Malay Tiger Red Book
Akambuku a ku Malawi amakonda mapiri ataliatali ndipo amakhala m'nkhalango, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malire a mayiko. Amayang'ana bwino m'nkhalango zosafikirika za nkhalango ndipo amalimbana mosavuta ndi zopinga zamadzi. Amadziwa kudumpha mpaka 10 mita. Amakwera mitengo bwino, koma amachita izi zikavuta.
Amakonzekeretsa nyumba zawo:
- m'ming'alu ya matanthwe;
- pansi pa mitengo;
- m'mapanga ang'onoang'ono nthaka ili ndi udzu wouma ndi masamba.
Anthu amapewa. Amatha kukhazikika m'minda yokhala ndi zomera zochepa. Kambuku kalikonse kali ndi gawo lake. Awa ndi madera akuluakulu, nthawi zina mpaka 100 km². Madera azimayi amatha kukhala ndi amuna.
Ziwerengero zochuluka chotere zimachitika chifukwa chakuchepa kopanga m'malo awa. Malo okhala amphaka achilengedwe ndi 66,211 km², pomwe malo ake enieni ndi 37,674 km². Tsopano nyama zimakhala kudera losapitirira 11655 km². Chifukwa chakukula kwa malo otetezedwa, dera lenileni lakonzedwa kuti liwonjezeke mpaka 16882 km².
Nyama izi zimatha kuzolowera chilengedwe chilichonse: kaya ndi kotentha kwambiri, mapiri amiyala, mapiri, nkhalango kapena nkhalango zosadutsika. Akambuku amadzimva mofananamo m'madera otentha komanso m'nyengo yachisanu.
Chosangalatsa: Kambuku wa ku Malawi wapatsidwa tanthauzo la chikhalidwe chake popeza chithunzi chake chili pamikono yadzikolo. Kuphatikiza apo, ndichizindikiro cha Maybank, banki yaku Malaysia, komanso magulu ankhondo.
Kodi kambuku wa chiMalay amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Malay Tiger
Chakudya chachikulu chimakhala ndi artiodactyls ndi herbivores. Akambuku achi Malay amadya mphalapala, nguluwe zakutchire, ma sambar, gauras, langurs, kusaka muntjaks, serou, macaques amizere yayitali, nungu, ng'ombe zamtchire ndi nswala zofiira. Samachita manyazi ndikugwa. Monga mukuwonera, nyamazi sizomwe zimakonda kudya.
Nthawi zina amathamangitsa hares, pheasants, mbalame zazing'ono, mbewa ndi ma voles. Makamaka olimba mtima amatha kuwukira chimbalangondo chachi Malay. Patsiku lotentha kwambiri, musadandaule posaka nsomba ndi achule. Nthawi zambiri zimaukira njovu zazing'ono ndi ziweto. M'chilimwe amatha kudya mtedza kapena zipatso zamitengo.
Chifukwa cha kunenepa kwawo, akambuku amatha kukhala opanda chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali osawononga thanzi lawo. Mwakamodzi, amphaka amtchire amatha kudya makilogalamu 30 a nyama, ndipo ali ndi njala - komanso makilogalamu 40 onse. Zowononga sizivutika ndi kusowa kwa njala.
Mu ukapolo, chakudya cha akambuku ndi 5-6 makilogalamu nyama masiku 6 pa sabata. Akamasaka, amadalira kwambiri kuwona ndi kumva kuposa kudalira fungo. Kusaka bwino kumatha kutenga zoyeserera khumi. Ngati palibe amene akuchita bwino kapena wozunzidwayo ali wamphamvu, nyalugwe samamutsatiranso. Amadya atagona, atagwira chakudya ndi mawoko awo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nyama ya kambuku ya chi Malay
Pokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, akambuku amadziona ngati ambuye okwanira a dera lomwe akukhalalo. Amayika madera awo ndi mkodzo paliponse, amalemba malire a katundu wawo, amadula makungwa amiyala ndi zikhadabo ndikumasula nthaka. Mwanjira imeneyi, amateteza malo awo kwa amuna ena.
Akambuku, omwe amakhala pamalo amodzi, amakhala ochezeka wina ndi mnzake, amakhala mwamtendere ndipo, akakumana, amagwirana ndi chimbudzi ndi matako awo. Mukamapereka moni, amapuma mokweza komanso kutulutsa mawu mokweza, kwinaku akutulutsa phokoso.
Amphaka amtchire amasaka nthawi iliyonse masana. Ngati nyamayi yapezeka, kambuku samaphonya. Podziwa kusambira mwangwiro, amatha kusaka nsomba, akamba kapena ng'ona zapakati. Ndi phazi lolemera, amawomba mphezi pamadzi, ndikudabwitsa nyama ndikuidya mosangalala.
Ngakhale akambuku achiMalay amakonda kukhala okha, nthawi zina amasonkhana m'magulu kuti agawane nyama zazikuluzikulu. Ngati chiwembu chachikulu chachita bwino, akambuku amatulutsa mkokomo waukulu womwe ungamveke patali kwambiri.
Nyama zimalankhulana mothandizidwa ndi kulumikizana kwamveka, kununkhiza komanso mawonekedwe. Ngati ndi kotheka, amatha kukwera mitengo ndikudumpha mpaka 10 mita kutalika. Nthawi yotentha masana, akambuku amakonda kukhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi, kuthawa kutentha ndi ntchentche zosasangalatsa.
Chosangalatsa: Kuwona nyalugwe waku Malay ndikowona nthawi 6 kuposa munthu. Madzulo, alibe ofanana pakati pa alenje.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Malay Tiger Cub
Ngakhale akambuku amaswana chaka chonse, pachimake panthawiyi amapezeka mu Disembala-Januware. Amayi amakula msinkhu wokwanira zaka 3-4, pomwe amuna - azaka zisanu zokha. Nthawi zambiri amuna amasankha mkazi m'modzi kuti akhale pachibwenzi. Mikhalidwe ya kachulukidwe kowonjezera kambuku wamphongo, nkhondo za osankhidwa nthawi zambiri zimachitika.
Akazi akatentha, amalemba malo ndi mkodzo. Popeza izi zimatha kuchitika kamodzi zaka zingapo zilizonse, pali nkhondo zamagazi zama tigress. Poyamba, salola kuti amuna amuyandikire, kuwaimbira mluzu, kulira ndi kumenya nkhondo ndi zibwano zake. Nguluweyo ikalola kumuyandikira, imakwerana kambirimbiri kwa masiku angapo.
Pakati pa estrus, akazi amatha kukwatirana ndi amuna angapo. Poterepa, zinyalala zimakhala ndi makanda ochokera kwa abambo osiyanasiyana. Amuna amathanso kuthana ndi ma tigress angapo. Pambuyo pobereka, mkazi amateteza mwachangu ana ake kwa amuna, chifukwa amatha kupha mphaka kuti ayambirenso estrus.
Pafupifupi, kubala ana kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 103. Zinyalala zimatha kukhala ndi mwana 1 mpaka 6, koma pafupifupi 2-3. Ana mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi amadyetsedwa ndi mkaka wa amayi, ndipo pafupifupi miyezi 11 amayamba kusaka paokha. Koma mpaka azaka 2-3, azikhala ndi amayi awo.
Adani achilengedwe a akambuku achi Malay
Chithunzi: Malay Tiger
Chifukwa cha mphamvu yayikulu komanso nyonga yayikulu, akambuku akuluakulu alibe mdani. Nyama izi zili pamwamba pa piramidi yazakudya pakati pa nyama zina. Nzeru yabwino imawathandiza kuwunika msanga momwe zinthu ziliri ndikuchita mogwirizana ndi chibadwa.
Omwe amatsata akambuku achi Malay ndi ozunza nyama mfuti, mopanda manyazi kuwombera nyama kuti apeze malonda. Akambuku ndi osamala za njovu, zimbalangondo ndi zipembere zazikulu, pofuna kuzipewa. Amphaka ndi ana a akambuku amasakidwa ndi ng'ona, nguluwe, nkhandwe, nungu ndi agalu amtchire.
Nyama zakale kapena zolemala zikayamba kusaka ziweto ngakhale anthu, anthu akumaloko amawombera akambuku. M'chaka cha 2001-2003 chokha, anthu 42 adaphedwa ndi akambuku achi Malay m nkhalango za mangrove ku Bangladesh. Anthu amagwiritsa ntchito zikopa za akambuku ngati zokongoletsera komanso zokumbutsa. Nyama ya kambuku imagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Mafupa a akambuku achi Malay nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'misika yakuda ku Asia. Ndipo pa mankhwala, ziwalo za thupi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Anthu aku Asia amakhulupirira kuti mafupa ali ndi zotsutsana ndi zotupa. Ziwalo zoberekera zimaonedwa kuti ndizamphamvu kwambiri. Chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwa mitunduyi chinali kusaka masewera a nyama izi m'ma 30s azaka za zana la 20. Izi zidachepetsa kwambiri mitunduyi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Animal Tiger Tiger
Chiwerengero cha akambuku achi Malawi omwe amakhala padziko lapansi pano ndi anthu 500, omwe pafupifupi 250 ndi achikulire, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala pangozi. Zowopseza zazikuluzikulu ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kuwononga nyama moperewera, kusowa malo okhala, kusamvana ndi anthu, kupikisana ndi ziweto.
Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2013, mabungwe azachilengedwe adakhazikitsa makamera otchera m'malo okhala amphaka akulu. Kuyambira 2010 mpaka 2013, mpaka akulu 340 adalembedwa, kupatula anthu okhala okha. Kwa chilumba chachikulu, ichi ndi chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri.
Kudula mitengo mopanda malire pomanga minda ya kanjedza yamafuta, kuipitsidwa kwa madzi ndi madzi akuda am'mafakitale kukukhala mavuto akulu kupulumuka kwa mitunduyi ndikupangitsa kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala. Pakati pa m'badwo umodzi, anthu amachepetsa pafupifupi kotala.
Akambuku osachepera 94 achimalawi adalandidwa pakati pa anthu opha nyama pakati pa 2000 ndi 2013, malinga ndi ofufuza. Kukula kwaulimi kumakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa akambuku chifukwa chakugawanika kwa malo.
Ngakhale kutchuka kwa ziwalo za nyalugwe mumankhwala achi China, palibe umboni uliwonse wasayansi wofufuza zamtengo kapena ziwalo za kambuku. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti malamulo aku China amaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito matupi anyalugwe kuti apeze mankhwala. Okha okha ngati opha nyama mosalakwa adzalangidwa.
Kusunga akambuku achi Malay
Chithunzi: Akambuku achi Malay ochokera ku Red Book
Mitunduyi yatchulidwa mu International Red Data Book ndi Msonkhano wa CITES. Amamuwona ngati ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Ku India, pulogalamu yapadera ya WWF yapangidwa kuti isunge mitundu ya akambuku omwe ali pachiwopsezo.
Chimodzi mwazifukwa zophatikizira akambuku achi Malay mu Red Book ndi chiwerengero cha anthu osapitirira 50 mayunitsi a anthu okhwima m'dera lililonse la nkhalangoyi. Subpecies imaphatikizidwa ndi zowonjezera, malinga ndi momwe malonda apadziko lonse lapansi amaletsedwera. Komanso, mayiko omwe amphaka amtchirewa amakhala sangathe kuwagulitsa kuboma.
Mgwirizano waku Malaysian for the Conservation of Rare Subspecies udapangidwa ndi mabungwe omwe si aboma. Palinso nambala yolumikizirana yomwe imalandira chidziwitso chokhudza opha nyama mosayenera. Nzika zosamala zimayang'anira mayendedwe apadera omwe amayang'anira kuwombera nyama, chifukwa chomwe chiwonetsero cha anthu chikuwonjezeka.
Pali akambuku pafupifupi 108 aku Malawi omwe ali mndende m'malo osungira nyama ndi mabungwe ena. Komabe, izi ndizocheperako chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa majini ndikusunga kwathunthu nyama zapadera.
Akambuku ndi abwino kusintha moyo wawo. Mapulogalamu ambiri akuchitika kuti achulukitse ana omwe ali mu ukapolo. Zotsatira zake, mitengo yodya adani imachepetsedwa ndipo amakhala ocheperako kwa opha nyama mosayenera. Mwina posachedwa nyalugwe wa malay adzaleka kukhala nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, tikukhulupirira.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 03/15/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/15/2019 pa 18:19
