Acara ya turquoise

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Acara ya turquoise - lero lino limagwirizanitsa mitundu ingapo ya oimira cichlids, omwe adapeza kutchuka m'zaka za m'ma 70 zapitazo chifukwa chosunga aquarium. Magalimoto, monga lamulo, alibe zofunikira zapadera zamagetsi zamadzi - zonsezi zimawapangitsa kukhala owoneka bwino kuchokera kumadzi am'madzi. Pafupifupi mitundu 30 ya khansa imadziwika.

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Turquoise acara

Kuchokera pa tsamba kupita kumalo tsambalo likutsatira kuti kuchokera ku Chilatini dzina loti akara mukutanthauzira kwa Chirasha limatanthauza "mtsinje". Ndikosavuta kuwunika kusagwirizana kwa mawu otere potchula mtanthauzira mawu kuti mutsimikizire - mumtsinje wachi Latin "amnis". M'malo mwake, a Acars adadziwika ndi chilankhulo cha Amwenye aku Guarani, omwe amatanthauza nsombazi ndi mawu awa. Tanthauzo la tanthauzo la mawu limapezeka mosavuta. Akars afalikira ku Amazon ndipo kwa anthu okhala ku akara ndizofanana ndi nzika za m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia carp crucian.

Dzinalo "Akara" limakwirira oimira mitundu ingapo ya nsomba za cichlid:

  • mtundu Andinoacara;
  • mtundu Aequidens;
  • mtundu Krobia;
  • mtundu Cleithracara;
  • mtundu Bujurquina;
  • mtundu Laetacara.

Khansa yomwe ikudziwika pano imachokera ku South America. Mpaka pano, palibe malingaliro otsimikiza a paleoichthyologists onena za kholo lathunthu la khansa. Izi ndichifukwa chakuchepa kwa zotsalira zomwe zidapezeka. Zidindo zoyambirira za nsomba za khansa zimayambira zaka 57 mpaka 45 miliyoni. Izi ndizochepera nthawi yakugwa kwa Gondwana (zaka 135 miliyoni zapitazo), ndiye kuti, zimapereka chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti nsombazi zidayamba kale kudera lamakono la South America.

Zakale zakumbuyo zimatsimikizira mfundo yoti ma kara amadzimadzi amadzuka kale m'madamu aku Peru komanso m'malo osungira bwinja la Rio Esmeraldes. Kuchokera m'malo amenewa adakhazikika m'madamu ena apakati pa South America ndipo lero malo awo akukhala pakatikati pa kontinentiyi.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Blue Acara

Akara ali ndi thupi lokwera mosalala lomwe limakhala lalitali. Mutu wa nsombayo ndi wawukulu, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe otumphuka. Kapangidwe kameneka kamadziwika kwambiri mwa amuna omwe ali ndi mafuta ena pamphumi, omwe pamlingo wina uliwonse amapezeka mu ma cichlids onse ndipo amadziwonetsera atakula.

Maso a khansa ya turquoise ndi yayikulu poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa mutu wonse. Kapangidwe ka limba kameneka kamathandiza kuti nsomba ziwone bwino chakumadzulo kwa gawo lamadzi la dziwe, monga lamulo, lodzaza ndi nthambi komanso lodzaza ndi zomera zam'madzi. Milomo ya khansa ndi yayikulu. Mu gawo ili la thupi, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mathero amitsempha kumakhala, komwe kumachita gawo la zolandilira zamankhwala ndikupatsa nsomba mwayi wopeza molondola onse chakudya ndi othandizana nawo, kuti adziwe komwe kuli sukuluyi.

Chikhalidwe chamthupi la khansa ya turquoise ndikumapeto kwa mchira, komanso zipsepse zakuthwa ndi zammbuyo. Mwa amuna, zipsepse ndi zazitali, nthawi zambiri kumatako komanso kuloza kumbuyo. Mitundu yamatenda a khansa ndi osiyanasiyana ndipo amadalira mitunduyo. Mitundu yamithunzi imasiyananso - kuyambira pabuka-burgundy mpaka buluu-wabuluu. Mtundu wamwamuna umakhala wowala nthawi zonse kuposa wa akazi.

Kukula kwa khansa kumakhala kosiyanasiyana komanso kofanana ndi mtundu uliwonse. Zing'onozing'ono kwambiri ndi ma maroni akars, akazi omwe amakula mpaka masentimita asanu ndi awiri (amunawo amakhala okulirapo pang'ono), mbidzi akars, zomwe zimakula mpaka masentimita asanu. Oimira khansa yamtundu wamtambo wamtambo wabuluu amakula mpaka kotala la mita.

Kodi akara turquoise amakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: nsomba ya akara

Malo okhala khansa amaphimba malo osungira ku Central ndi Southern Latin America. Mitundu yambiri imapezeka mumtsinje waukulu wa Amazon ku Colombia, Peru ndi Brazil.

Amayimilidwa kwambiri mumtsinje wa Brazil, Venezuela ndi Gaina, monga:

  • Putomayo;
  • Ma Trombetas (Ma Trombetas);
  • Chilankhulo (Xingu);
  • Esquibo;
  • Kapim;
  • Branko;
  • Wachikuda.

Ma acare turquoise siachilendo m'madzi a Trinidad. Akars amakhala makamaka m'madzi osaya kwambiri omwe madzi ake amakhala ndi ma tannins ambiri. Amakonda madera okhala ndi zitsamba zam'madzi zam'madzi, okhala ndi mpumulo wapansi, womwe umapatsa nsomba malo ambiri okhala. Nsombazi ndizofala m'mbali mwa gombe lamadzi.

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya khansa imakonda kukhala kunyanja. Amakonda malo omwe amakhala modzaza ndi masamba am'madzi, masamba ake ndi otambalala. Zomerazi zimapatsa nsombazo luso lakubisalira mbozi. Nthawi yomweyo, payenera kukhala malo okwanira osambira mwaulere, ngakhale ma akars amakonda kusunga gawo lamderalo.

Kodi akara turquoise amadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Akara

Akars ndi nyama zolusa. Ndiye kuti, nsomba imameza nyama yake yonse ndikuyesera kumeza popanda kutafuna. Nthawi zina kupanda ungwiro kwa chakudya chamtunduwu kumatha kuwonedwa mwachangu pamitundu ingapo ya khansa, yomwe imapatsidwa chakudya chamoyo, chosatalikirako m'litali ndi chida cham'kamwa mwawo. Mwachitsanzo, chubu chomwe chimakhala chotalikirapo sichikhala m'mimba, koma chimayamba kuchitika ndi madzi othira pakamwa ndikutuluka - malekezero a chubu amangopachika pamiyala. Nsombazo pamapeto pake zimafa.

Maziko a zakudya za khansa ndi chakudya chama protein. Mwachilengedwe, amadyetsa makamaka mphutsi za tizilombo ta m'madzi, ma crustaceans. Khansa zina, monga khansa ya turquoise, zimasinthidwa bwino kuti zizidya nkhono. Galimoto sizimatha kusiya nsomba, kukula kwake komwe kumapangitsa kuti nyamayo idye nyama yonseyo.

Kukula kwathunthu ndikukula (monga nsomba zonse, nsomba zazinkhanira zimakula m'moyo wonse), chakudyacho chiyeneranso kukhala ndi gawo laling'ono la chakudya chomera. Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nsomba zimalandira chakudyachi mwakumba ma deutrite ndikumeza tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Pankhani yokonza aquarium, kuwonjezera pa chakudya chama protein, chakudya chamafuta cha omnivorous ndi herbivorous nsomba chimaphatikizidwa pachakudyacho.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Turquoise akara wamwamuna ndi wamkazi

Ma Aquarists nthawi zina amatchula khansa ngati ophunzira m'madzi. Nsomba zimasiyanitsidwa ndi machitidwe ovuta kwambiri, zimazindikira osati oyandikana nawo okhazikika, komanso eni ake. Amatha ngakhale kuwetedwa mokwanira kuti aziweta.

Khalidwe la khansa limasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mitundu. Mwachitsanzo, oimira mitundu ya paraguayan akara (dzina lachilatini lotchedwa Bujurquina vittata), yemwenso amadziwika kuti aquarists monga akara vitata, ndiwokwiya kwambiri. Ali ndi zaka zachangu, amayamba kuwonetsa kusagwirizana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amtundu wake. Akamakula, nkhanza zimafikira oimira mtundu uliwonse wa nsomba zomwe zimayesa kusambira kudera lomwe Akara Vitata amadziona kuti ndi lake.

Khansa ikamatha msinkhu, yomwe imatha miyezi eyiti, imayamba kupanga magulu awiri okhazikika. Akars amakhala okhaokha komanso okwatirana kwanthawi yonse. Magawo omwe amapangidwira sanaphunzirebe, koma zadziwika kuti ngati mkazi wachikulire abzalidwa ndi wamkazi wamkulu, kuyeserako kumatha zomvetsa chisoni - wamwamuna adzalandira mlendo wosafunikira. Ngakhale, kumbali inayo, ngati awiriwo akulekanitsidwa ndi galasi, m'kupita kwanthawi wamwamuna amasiya kuyesa kuthamangitsa mkaziyo ndikumuloleza kuti alowe m'dera lake.

Atasankha gawo la malo awo, khansa imayamba kuiteteza kuti isawonongedwe ndi oyandikana nawo. Dera ili likhoza kukhala laling'ono, mwachitsanzo, masentimita 100 okha ngati Laetacara curviceps, koma banjali limakhazikitsa malire omwe palibe amene amaloledwa kuwoloka. Chosangalatsa ndichikhalidwe cha khansa ndikuti kupsa mtima kumadziwika kwambiri mwa akazi, omwe nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa ndewu ndikukoka amuna mwa iwo.

Njira zoberekera m'mitundu yonse ya khansa ndizofanana. Kubzala kumayambitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha, komwe kumatsagana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya m'madzi komanso kuchepa kwa nitrate ndi nitrites, phosphates, kuwonjezeka kwa kufewa kwamadzi, komanso kusintha kwa acidity. Mwachilengedwe, njirayi imayamba kuchitika ngati kuchuluka kwamadzi kukuwonjezeka chifukwa chakumayamba kwa nyengo yamvula yambiri. M'madzi, kusintha koteroko kumatheka ndikukulitsa mphamvu ya aeration, kusintha kwamadzi pafupipafupi ndikuwonjezera kwa distillate.

Kufunitsitsa kubereka kumawonetseredwa kunja ndikuwonjezeka kwamphamvu kwamitundu ndikusintha kwamakhalidwe. Akars amasankha ndikuyamba kukonzekera komwe adzaikire mazira. Monga lamulo, awa ndi miyala yosalala. Chiwawa cha khansa chikuwonjezeka - amateteza mwala wawo mwakhama. Pamwamba pamwala pamatsukidwa ndi nsomba. Mu aquarium, mwalawo ukhoza kusinthidwa ndi chidutswa cha ceramic, pulasitiki. Ngati maekala sakupeza chinthu choyenera, ayamba kuchotsa dothi lomwe, mwa lingaliro lawo, ndiloyenera kuyikira mazira.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa awonetsa kuti pakubala, glands yomwe ili pamilomo ya khansa imayamba kutulutsa zinthu za bactericidal. Chifukwa chake, nsombazi sizimangotsuka pamwamba, komanso zimawathira mankhwala. Nthawi yomweyo, ma akars amakumba china pansi pakati pa dzenje ndi mink - awa ndi malo omwe mphutsi zimasamutsidwa zitaswa. Kubala kumachitika motere - mkazi amasambira pamwamba pa mwalawo, atayika mazira, ndipo wamwamuna amamutsatira ndikudzaza mazirawo.

Pambuyo poyikira mazira, kholo limodzi limakhala pamwambapa ndipo limatulutsa mpweya wowola poyendetsa zipsepse zam'mimba. Kholo lachiwiri limateteza malo okhala kuti asalowemo nsomba zina. Mitundu ina ya khansa, ikangobereka, imasonkhanitsa mazira m'kamwa ndikukhazikitsira mazira mmenemo. Chifukwa cha kubwereza kwa taxonomic kochitidwa ndi C Kullander mu 1986, khansa izi zidaperekedwa ku mtundu wina wa Bujurquina. Pambuyo pokonzanso yolk sac mwachangu, makolo amayamba kuwadyetsa - amatafuna chakudyacho ndikumachiperekera mwachangu. Fry itatha kusambira momasuka, makolo sasiya kuwasamalira. Pamene mwachangu amakula, amasiya makolo awo ndikupanga malo atsopano.

Adani achilengedwe a khansa ya turquoise

Chithunzi: Turquoise fish akara

Akars sachita nawo malonda pazachuma. Kusavuta kwa kuweta kwaukapolo kwapangitsa kuti nsomba izi zisawonongeke kuchokera kwa ogulitsa nsomba za m'madzi kuti azigulitsa ku America, Europe ndi Asia, ndipo kuchepa kwa zakudya sizimapangitsa chidwi kuchokera kumakampani omwe akutenga nawo mitundu ya nsomba zapatebulo.

Chifukwa chake, adani a khansa amafotokozedwa ndi zolusa, zomwe nsombazi ndizo chakudya chachilengedwe. Adani oterewa, makamaka, amaphatikizapo ma caiman a achinyamata, omwe amadya nthawi yoyamba ya moyo wawo amatengera nsomba zazing'ono ndi tizilombo tambiri. Nyama ngati kamba woyamwa matamata nayenso amakwanitsa kusaka khansa. Zitsamba zamitundumitundu zomwe zimasaka nsomba m'madzi osaya zimapwetekanso kwambiri khansa. Ziwombankhanga za nsomba zolusa monga arapaim nawonso sizinyoza ma akaras.

Pafupifupi mdani wamkulu wa khansa anali akatswiri osaka monga otter aku Brazil. Komabe, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa anthu omalizirawa chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi anthu mu chilengedwe cha Amazonia, adachotsa adaniwo pamndandanda wa adani akulu a khansa. Pakadali pano, palibe nyama yomwe yadziwika yomwe imasaka makamaka khansa. Chifukwa chake, ndizosatheka kunena za adani ena a nsombazi.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Akara

Akaras amatha kusintha moyo mosiyanasiyana. Amatha kupezeka m'mitsinje yomwe ikuyenda pang'onopang'ono, m'madzi othimbirira komanso m'mitsinje yomwe imatsika mwachangu kuchokera kumapiri. Mafuta amathandizanso kuti madzi asagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi madzi. Makulidwe amadzi owuma, omasuka pamoyo, ndi otakata - 3 - 20 dGH. Zofunikira za acidity - pH kuyambira 6.0 mpaka 7.5. Kutentha kwake kumakhala kokwanira kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wabwino - kuyambira 22 ° С mpaka 30 ° С.

Kusintha kwakukulu kwakusintha kwa zachilengedwe kunapatsa Akars mwayi kuti asachepetse kuchuluka kwa anthu chifukwa cha kusintha komwe kumachitika ku Amazon chifukwa chodula mitengo mwachisawawa. M'malo mwake, kuchepa kwa adani achilengedwe chifukwa cha zochitika zachuma za anthu, kumlingo wina, kudawonjezeranso kuchuluka kwa nsombazi m'malo okhala achilengedwe.

Akara Sakuphatikizidwa mu IUCN Red List ya nyama ndi nsomba, chifukwa chake palibe njira zotetezera zomwe sizitengedwa poyerekeza ndi izo. Kuchuluka kwa nsombazi ku South America ndikokhazikika ndipo sikuwonetsa kuchepa.

Tsiku lofalitsa: 26.01.2019

Tsiku losintha: 18.09.2019 nthawi ya 22:14

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