Nkhandwe yotchire ndi subspecies ya nkhandwe wamba. Wodyetsa nyama ndi wa banja la Canidae komanso mtundu wa Wolves. Malinga ndi mtundu wina womwe ulipo masiku ano, mimbulu yakum'mwera imawonedwa ngati makolo a galu wachibadwidwe wa Samoyed, koma lingaliro ili silinalandirebe umboni wosatsutsika wasayansi.
Kufotokozera kwa nkhandwe ya polar
Kufotokozera koyenera kwa nkhandwe yodya nyama yakutchire sikusiyana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe amomwe imakhalira ndi imvi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa choti wokhala m'chigwacho, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama zamtchire, amawerengedwa kuti ndi subspecies ya nkhandwe wamba.
Maonekedwe, kukula kwake
Nkhandwe ya polar ndi nyama yayikulu, yopangidwa bwino, yolimba komanso yamphamvu. Kutalika kwapakatikati kwamwamuna wamkulu pakufota nthawi zambiri kumafika 95-100 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kukhala 170-180 masentimita ndi kulemera kwapakati pa 85-92 kg. Nthawi zina pamakhala anthu okulirapo komanso okulirapo.
Kukula kwa akazi akuluakulu pafupifupi pafupifupi 13-15% ocheperako kuposa amuna okhwima ogonana. Mimbulu ya kum'mwera kwa Arctic imakhala ndi malaya okhwima, owala kwambiri opanda utoto wofiira kwambiri, komanso imakhala ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono, miyendo yayitali ndi mchira wofewa.
Moyo, machitidwe
Mimbulu yakumtunda imagwirizana m'magulu akulu kwambiri, omwe amakhala ndi anthu pafupifupi 7-25. Nthawi zambiri, munthu amatha kuwona omwe amatchedwa gulu la mabanja, omwe samangophatikizira banja la makolo okha, komanso ana awo ndi anthu okalamba ochokera ku zinyalala zingapo zapitazo. Gulu lopangidwa, monga lamulo, limatsogozedwa ndi mtsogoleri, koma mkazi wake pagulu amakhalanso ndi mwayi wofanana. Phukusi lonselo limamvera mtsogoleriyo ndikupanga olamulira ake.
Pakusaka, pakudyetsa komanso munthawi yolera anawo ndi nyama zazikulu, mwa gulu la nkhosa, thandizo lililonse limaperekedwa kwa wina ndi mnzake. Nthawi zambiri, mimbulu imodzi kapena awiriawiri amasamalira ana onse pomwe amayi awo amapita kukasaka. Potengera utsogoleri wolowezana, maubale omwe ali mgululi amachitika kudzera mchilankhulo chovuta chomwe chimakhala kuyenda, kubangula ndi kuuwa. Mikangano yayikulu komanso yamagazi pakati pa mimbulu ndiyosowa.
Mothandizidwa ndi kulira, nkhandwe ikudziwitsa oimira mapaketi ena akupezeka kwake. Umu ndi momwe gawo limalembedwera ndipo ndizotheka kupewa misonkhano yosafunikira, yomwe imatha kumenyanako. Mimbulu yokhayokha, monga lamulo, ndi nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimasiya zolembera zawo ndikupita kukafunafuna gawo lina. Nyama yotereyi ikapeza malo aulele, imayika malo ena ndi malo okodzako kapena ndowe, potero imafunsira ufulu wake kudera loterolo.
Anthu omwe ali ndi udindo wapamwamba pagululo amafunika kumvera mosakayikira kuchokera kuzinyama zina, ndipo kuwonetsa kudzipereka kwa nyamayo kumatsagana ndi kuchititsa manyazi kuyikankhira pansi kapena kuyiyika "kumbuyo kwake".
Kodi nkhandwe imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Kutalika kwa moyo wa nkhandwe kuthengo kumatha kukhala zaka zisanu mpaka khumi. Komanso, nyama zoterezi zimapirira komanso zimakhala ndi thanzi labwino. Mu ukapolo, oimira subspecies awa amatha kukhala ndi zaka makumi awiri.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Nkhandwe yakumadzulo ili ndi chidziwitso chodziwika bwino chogonana. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo kuposa akazi. Kusiyanasiyana kwa maatomiki kumawonekera kwambiri potengera kuchuluka kwa nyama zolusa komanso kutchulidwa pang'ono pamitundu yawo. Nthawi zambiri, kulemera kwa akazi achikulire ndi 80-85% ya kulemera kwa amuna okhwima ogonana. Nthawi yomweyo, zizindikiritso za kutalika kwa thupi la mkazi wokhwima pogonana siziposa 87-98% ya kutalika kwa thupi lamwamuna.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Malo achilengedwe a nkhandwe yakum'mwera ndi Arctic ndi tundra, kupatula madera ofunikira oundana, komanso ayezi aliyense. Masiku ano, mimbulu yakumtunda imakhala m'malo ambiri akumadera ozizira, omwe kwa miyezi isanu amizidwa kwathunthu mumdima ndipo satha kutentha kwa dzuwa. Kuti apulumuke, nyama zoyamwitsa zimatha kudya pafupifupi chakudya chilichonse.
Mimbulu yakum'mwera imasinthidwa kukhala ndi moyo m'malo ovuta a Arctic, imatha kukhala zaka zambiri kuzizira kozizira kwambiri, kufa ndi njala kwa milungu ingapo osakhala ndi dzuwa kwa miyezi. Pakadali pano, zolusa zoterezi zimakhala m'modzi mwamadera osabereka kwambiri padziko lathuli, komwe, kuyambira Epulo, kutentha sikungakwere kupitirira -30 ° C.
Kuwomba nthawi zonse mphepo yamphamvu komanso kuzizira kwambiri kumapangitsa maulamuliro omwe amawoneka kuti ndi otentha kukhala otsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zomwe zilipo, chifukwa chake nthaka yachisanu imalola kuti zitsamba zokhala ndi mizu yochepa kwambiri zipulumuke. Nyama zochepa chabe, kuphatikizapo zomwe zimasakidwa ndi mimbulu yakumtunda, zimatha kukhala m'malo ovuta chonchi.
Zakudya za nkhandwe
M'malo otseguka a Arctic, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuti nkhandwe ipeze malo abwino, kulola kuti nyama yolusa iwononge nyama mosayembekezereka. Pamene gulu la mimbulu yayikulu ikumana ndi gulu la ng'ombe zamtundu, monga lamulo, zimatha kutenga chitetezo chodalirika chozungulira. Poterepa, zolusa sizingadutse chotchinga chotere, chomwe chikuyimiridwa ndi nyanga zazitali ndi ziboda zamphamvu. Chifukwa chake, paketi ya mimbulu imangodalira nthawi yawo ndikuyesa kuleza mtima kwa ng'ombe zamphongo. Posakhalitsa, mitsempha ya artiodactyls imatha kulimbana ndi kupsinjika kotere, ndipo bwalolo limatseguka.
Nthawi zina, mothamanga kwambiri mozungulira ng'ombe zazikuluzikulu, mimbulu imatha kukakamiza nyama yawo kuti isinthe malo kuti isayang'anenso omwe akuukira. Machenjerero otere samathandiza mimbulu ya polar pafupipafupi, koma ngati olusawo ali ndi mwayi, ma artiodactyl, pamapeto pake, amasiya kupirira ndikubalalika, kukhala nyama yosavuta. Mimbulu imathamangira nyama yawo, kuyesa kumenya nyama zazing'ono kwambiri kapena zofooka kwambiri pagulu lonselo. Atagonjetsa nyama yawo, mimbulu ya kum'mwera imagwira ndikuigwetsera pansi. Komabe, kusaka chakhumi chilichonse kokha kumachita bwino, ndichifukwa chake mimbulu yakummwera nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi njala kwa masiku angapo.
M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, mapaketi a mimbulu yakum'mwera amapita kudera lamalo abwino kwambiri amoyo, pomwe nyama yoyamwa idzapeza chakudya chokwanira. Sukulu za mimbulu zimasamukira kumadera akumwera kutsatira gulu lalikulu la mphalapala. Ndi ng'ombe zamphongo ndi nswala zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri komanso zazikulu kwambiri zomwe mapaketi a mimbulu yakumtunda amatha kusaka. Mwazina, ma polar hares ndi mandimu amaphatikizidwa pazakudya za adani. Pokhala ndi njala kwa masiku angapo, nkhandwe yayikulu imatha kudya mpaka makilogalamu khumi a nyama yatsopano pachakudya chimodzi. Kulephera kudya nthawi zina kumabweretsa chifukwa chakuti chilombo, mwachitsanzo, chimadya kalulu yense ndi ubweya, khungu ndi mafupa nthawi imodzi.
Mafupa a mimbulu yakum'mwera imaphwanyidwa ndi mano awo amphamvu kwambiri, omwe nambala yake ndi 42, ndipo chilombocho sichimatafuna nyama ndipo chimangomezedwa ndi zidutswa zokwanira.
Kubereka ndi ana
Amuna a mmbulu wakumtunda amatha msinkhu ali ndi zaka zitatu, ndipo akazi amakhala okhwima mchaka chachitatu cha moyo. Nthawi yokwanira yakunyamwitsa nyama yolusa imagwera pa Marichi. Mimba mu mimbulu yachikazi ya polar imakhala pafupifupi masiku 61-63, pambuyo pake, monga lamulo, ana anayi kapena asanu amabadwa.
Ndi mtsogoleri wamkazi yekhayo amene ali ndi ufulu wobereka ana m'thumba la nkhandwe, chifukwa chake zitosi zobadwa ndi akazi ena zimawonongeka nthawi yomweyo. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa chakuti ndizovuta kwambiri kudyetsa ana ambiri a nkhandwe m'malo ovuta achilengedwe. Malamulo ofanana amakhazikitsidwanso pakati pa afisi okhala ku Africa.
Nyengo yokhwima ikangotha, nkhandwe yapakati imasiya gululo likusunthira nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yachisanu, zomwe zimalola kuti mkaziyo apeze khola labwino. Nthawi zina nkhandwe imadzikonzekeretsa payokha, koma ngati dothi limaundana mwamphamvu, ndiye kuti mkaziyo amabweretsa ana mumng'oma kapena m'phanga lakale. Mimbulu yolandirana ana imabadwa yakhungu kwathunthu komanso yopanda thandizo, komanso kutseguka khutu kwathunthu. Ana obadwa kumene amayeza pafupifupi magalamu 380-410.
Poyamba, anawo amadalira kwambiri amayi awo, omwe amawadyetsa ndi mkaka, koma atakwanitsa mwezi umodzi, anawo atha kale kudya nyama yokwanira theka yomangidwa ndi yamphongo. Ndi yamphongo yomwe, pambuyo pobereka ana, imabweretsa chakudya kwa chachikazi ndi ana ake. Ndi chakudya chokwanira, mimbulu ing'onoing'ono yomwe ili kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe imakhala ndi ufulu wokhala mkati mwa paketiyo ndipo imatha kusamukira limodzi ndi mimbulu ikuluikulu.
Mimbulu yakum'mwera ndi makolo osamala komanso odalirika omwe amateteza ana awo molimba mtima ndikuphunzitsa ana awo zoyambira kupulumuka m'malo ovuta kuyambira ali aang'ono.
Adani achilengedwe
Ngakhale kuli nyengo yovuta mdera lawo, mimbulu yoyenda kumalo ozizira yasintha kukhala moyo wopanda kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha, imakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira ndipo ndi yolimba modabwitsa. Mwa zina, mimbulu yakumtunda ilibe adani mwachilengedwe. Nthaŵi zina, olusa oterowo amatha kuvulazidwa ndi zimbalangondo kapena kufa ndewu ndi abale awo. Choyambitsa kufa kwa nkhandwe ingakhale njala yayitali kwambiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Mimbulu yakum'mwera ndi mitundu yokhayo ya mimbulu masiku ano, yomwe mapaketi awo tsopano amakhala m madera akale okhala makolo awo. Chiwerengero cha nkhandwe ku polar sichidavutike ndi kusaka kwa anthu, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa chigawenga chodya chotere. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa chakuchepa kwa kulowererapo kwa anthu, kuchuluka kwa nkhandwe ku polar sikunasinthe kwazaka zambiri.
