Nyama zotchedwa Big kudu, kapena mphalapala zokhala ndi nyanga zotentha, ndi imodzi mwa mphalapala zazitali kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nyama iyi imadziwika ndiulemerero wake pakati pa oimira ena amitunduyo. M'mapewa, kukula kwake kumafika mita imodzi ndi theka, ndipo nyanga zamphongo zamphongo zimatha kukula mpaka masentimita 120-150.
Kufotokozera kwa kudu kudu
Mtundu wamtundu wa kudu waukulu umayambira pabulawuni mpaka bulauni kapena imvi. M'madera akumwera a mitunduyi, anthu akuda kwambiri amapezeka. Mtundu wa amuna wamdima umadetsedwa ndi zaka. Achinyamata amafanana ndi akazi. Ndi owala kwambiri ndipo alibe nyanga. Kumbuyo kwa kudu kuli mikwingwirima yoyera yoyera sikisi mpaka khumi. Mchirawo ndi wakuda pomwe pansi pake paliblitede. Amuna, mosiyana ndi akazi, amakhala ndi ndevu zoyera.
Maonekedwe, kukula kwake
Antelopes a Kudu ndi nyama zazikulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi abale awo. Amphongo amatha kufika mita 1.5 atafota komanso amalemera makilogalamu 250. Ngakhale ndi yayikulu chonchi, ma artiodactyls ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso osangalatsa, chifukwa chake amadziwika kutchuka kwawo kulumpha ndi kuthamanga. Ngakhale mphalapala wolemera kwambiri, ngakhale akuthawa, amatha kulumpha mipanda ya mita imodzi ndi theka ya minda ndi zopinga zina.
Nyanga za ng'ombe yokhwima kwambiri ya ng'ombe nthawi zambiri imakhala yopindika kawiri ndi theka. Ngati mumawongolera ndikuwayesa, kutalika kwake kumatha kufikira masentimita 120. Komabe, anthu okhala ndi ma curls athunthu atatu nthawi zina amapezeka, omwe kutalika kwake kumatha kufika masentimita 187.64.
Nyanga sizimayamba kukula mpaka yaimuna ikafika miyezi 6-12. Kupiringa koyamba kumapindika ali ndi zaka ziwiri, ndipo mpaka zaka sikisi chimodzimodzi awiri ndi theka amapangidwa. Nyanga za mphalapala za kudu zimatumikira kwa nthawi yayitali magulu osiyanasiyana achikhalidwe cha ku Africa ngati zodzikongoletsera komanso chida choimbira. Omwe anali ndi shofar, nyanga yamwambo wachiyuda yomwe idawombedwa ku Rosh Hashanah. Chinyama chimazigwiritsa ntchito ngati chida chodzitchinjiriza kapena chinthu chokongoletsa pokopa anthu omwe angakhale awiriwo.
Kudu ndi mphalapala zokongola kwambiri. Pakamwa pawo patali, pakati pa maso, wakuda ngati makala, pali mzere woyera. Makutuwo ndi akulu, ataliatali, owulungika ndi maupangiri osongoka. Pali malo oyera pansi pa mphuno, mwa amuna amasandutsa ndevu.
Moyo, machitidwe
Amayi amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi anthu 1-3 ndi ana awo. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa anthu m'gulu limodzi kumafika anthu 25-30. Palibe gulu lodziwika bwino m'maguluwa. Nthawi zina magulu azimayi amalumikizana kukhala akulu, koma amakhala akanthawi.
Amuna amakhala mosiyana ndi akazi, ng'ombe. Chiwerengero cha anthu m'maguluwa kuyambira pamitu 2-10. Sizikudziwikabe ngati pagululi pali gulu losiyananso mosiyanasiyana. Amphongo a ziweto zazing'ono samachulukana, koma gulu limodzi lamwamuna limatha kudumphadumpha pakati pa magulu atatu azimayi.
Amuna ndi akazi alibe maubale amoyo wonse ndipo amakhala pafupi nthawi yobereka, yomwe imachitika ku South Africa mu Epulo ndi Meyi.
Nkhunda zazikulu sizinyama zolusa kwambiri; zimawonetsa chidani makamaka mukamangidwa. Kumtchire, amuna okha ndi omwe amatha kupikisana wina ndi mzake posiyanitsa akazi kuti akwatirane.
Ndi angati kudu omwe amakhala
Nswala za Kudu zachilengedwe zimatha kukhala ndi moyo kuyambira zaka 7 mpaka 11. Pazabwino, zabwino, nyama zimakhala zaka makumi awiri.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Large kudu (lat. Tragelaphus strepsiceros) ndi mphalapala wokongola, yamphongo yomwe imasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi yaikazi ndi nyanga zodabwitsa, zopota zopindika, mpaka kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka. Palinso mikwingwirima yopyapyala isanu ndi umodzi kapena khumi yopindika. Mtundu wa thupi umatha kukhala wachikasu-bulauni kapena imvi-bulauni, ubweya wake ndi dongosolo lakukula kwambiri.
Mkazi wamkazi wa kudu wamkulu ndi wocheperapo kuposa wamwamuna ndipo alibe nyanga zokongola. Komanso, dona wokhala ndi ziboda zake amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa malayawo. Akazi nthawi zonse amakhala opepuka, amawoneka ngati achichepere omwe sanapezebe nyanga. Mtundu wa malaya amathandizanso makanda osakhwima ndi akazi kuti azidzibisalira moyang'anizana ndi msipu wobiriwira waku Africa. Mthunziwo umachokera ku imvi yachikasu mpaka yofiirira yofiirira, kumbuyo kwake komwe mikwingwirima yopyapyala mthupi imakopa kwambiri.
Amuna ndi akazi onse amakhala ndi tsitsi lomwe limayenda pakati kumbuyo ndipo limapanga mtundu wa mane. Komanso, mwa amuna ndi akazi, pali mzere woonekera bwino womwe ukuyenda pamaso pakati pa maso. Makutu akulu, ozungulira a kudu kudu amapatsa nyamayo mawonekedwe owoneka oseketsa.
Subpecies Yaikulu ya Kudu
Dzina lodziwika bwino la Kudu limachokera ku chilankhulo chamtundu wina koikoy, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumwera kwa Africa. Dzinalo la sayansi limachokera ku Greek: Tragos, kutanthauza mbuzi ndi elaphus - nswala; Strephis amatanthauza kupotoza ndipo Keras amatanthauza nyanga.
Mitundu yaying'ono yamphongo yotchedwa kudu scorchorn antelope imayimiridwa ndi nthumwi ziwiri - yayikulu ndi yaying'ono kwambiri. Kulemera kwa thupi laimuna yayikulu kwambiri kumafika makilogalamu 300, yaying'ono siyidutsa makilogalamu 90. Yaikulu - yogawidwa kudera lonse kuchokera pakati mpaka kumwera ndi kum'mawa kwa Africa. Ang'onoang'ono amakhala m'chigawo cha East Africa. Zitha kupezekanso ku Arabia Peninsula.
Nkumba yayikulu, imapanga mitundu ina isanu ing'onoing'ono. Ena mwa iwo ndi T. strepsiceros strepsiceros, T. strepsiceros chora, T. strepsiceros bea, T. strepsiceros burlacei ndi T. strepsiceros zambesiensis.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Magawo ofalitsa thambo lalikulu amayambira kumapiri akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Chad mpaka ku Sudan ndi Ethiopia, komanso zigawo zonse zouma za East ndi South Africa. Ku South Africa, antelope yaminyanga yotentha imapezeka makamaka kumpoto ndi kum'mawa, komanso kumadera akutali a Cape Province.
Greater Kudu amakhala m'chipululu, makamaka kumapiri, malo ovuta, komanso nkhalango m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Mitunduyi imapewa nkhalango zotseguka komanso nkhalango.
Amapezeka kwambiri kumwera kwa Africa, koma anthu ang'onoang'ono a subspecies atatu amapezeka ku East Africa, Horn of Africa ndi Southern Sahara. Malo awo okondedwa ndi a Savannah opanda mitengo komanso malo okhala ndi miyala komanso tchire, komwe nthawi zambiri amabisala kuzilombo zomwe zimaphatikizapo mkango, kambuku, fisi, ndi galu wamtchire.
Zakudya zam'madzi
Nkumba zazikulu ndi zodya nyama. Nthawi yakudyetsa ndi kuthirira nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ndi nthawi yamdima - yamadzulo kapena m'mawa. Chakudya chawo chimakhala ndi masamba osiyanasiyana, zitsamba, zipatso, mipesa, maluwa, ndi zomera zina zakupha zomwe nyama zina sizidya. Kapangidwe kazakudya amasintha kutengera nyengo ndi dera lomwe akukhalamo. Amatha kuthana ndi nyengo yadzuwa, koma sangathe kukhala kudera lopanda madzi.
Miyendo yayitali ndi khosi la kudu zimalola kuti ifikire chakudya chomwe chili pamalo okwera kwambiri. Malinga ndi chisonyezero ichi, ndiye kuti ndi kamphira yekha amene amamugwera.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nthawi yoswana, makosi a amuna okhwima amatupa. Izi ndikuwonetsa minofu yotupa. Mwamuna, akutsata mwambo wapadera, amayandikira azimayi ammbali, ndikuyang'ana moyang'anizana ndi mayi yemwe angakhalepo. Ngati chibwenzi champhongo sichikugwirizana ndi kukoma kwake, chachikazi chimamumenya pambali. Ngati atero, amathawa mwamantha, ndikupangitsa kuti athamangitsidwe.
Munthawi imeneyi, milandu yaukali pakati pa amuna imafala.
Amuna olimbirana akamakumana kudera lomwelo, wina amatenga gawo lomwe limakulitsa kukula kwake kuposa wotsutsana naye. Amayimirira chammbali, akutenga msana wake ndikukweza mutu wake pansi. Wina akuyamba kuyenda mozungulira. Woyamba kutenga nawo mbali pamtengowu atembenuka, kutengera mayendedwe a mdani, kuti alowe m'malo mwake. Zodzikongoletsa izi nthawi zina zimakhala nkhondo zowopsa, koma osati nthawi zonse. Ndizosangalatsa kuti pakamenyedwa molunjika, onse amatembenuka, ndikusinthanitsa nyanga kuti ziphulike.
Nkhondoyo imachitika kudzera pakuwombedwa ndi nyanga. Pakumenyana, omenyana nthawi zambiri amakhala okhazikika, nthawi zina amalumikizana kwambiri mpaka kugwera mumsampha. Atalephera kutuluka munyumba yachifumu yolimba, amuna onse nthawi zambiri amafa.
Nkhunda zazikulu zimakonda kuswana nyengo kumwera kwa Africa. Ku equator, zimadya msipu m'nyengo yamvula, yomwe imayamba kuyambira mwezi wa February mpaka Juni, ndipo imakwerana kumapeto kapena kumapeto kwa mvula. Ngati mkazi ali ndi chakudya chokwanira chokwanira, amatha kubala ana zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Komabe, akazi ambiri samakula mpaka azaka zitatu. Amuna okhwima m'zaka zisanu.
Nthawi yoberekera ya kudu yayikulu imachokera miyezi 7 mpaka 8.7, ndipo ana amabadwa udzu uli wokwera kwambiri. Amphongo amakhala obisika kuti asayang'ane kwa milungu iwiri ina, pambuyo pake, atha kubwera m'gulu la ziweto, atakhala olimba mokwanira. Kuyamwitsa ana kuchokera kwa amayi awo ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Amphongo amphongo amakhala mgulu la amayi kuyambira 1 mpaka 2 zaka, ndipo akazi - otalikirapo, mpaka moyo wawo wonse.
Ziwerengero za kudu ndizochepa, nthawi zambiri ng'ombe imodzi imabadwa m'ngalande.
Adani achilengedwe
Nkhunda zazikuluzikulu zimadya nyama zingapo ku Africa, kuphatikizapo mikango, akambuku, agalu amtchire, ndi afisi akuthambo. Artiodactyl, ikakumana ndi zoopsa, nthawi zambiri imathawa. Zisanachitike izi, kudu imayenda mozungulira ndi mchira wake. Komanso, pakakhala zoopsa, agwape okhala ndi nyanga amaundana kwakanthawi osayenda ndipo amayendetsa mbali zosiyanasiyana ndi makutu, pambuyo pake amatulutsa mkokomo mokweza kuti achenjeze za kuwopsa kwa abale awo ndikuthawa. Ngakhale ndi yayikulu kukula, ndi yolumpha modabwitsa komanso waluso kwambiri. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, nyanga za nthambi sizimasokoneza amuna ngakhale pang'ono. Ndikudumphira m'nkhalango zaminga, nyama imakweza chibwano chake kuti nyanga zizipanikizika kwambiri kuthupi. Mu malo opindulitsa thupi, samatha kugwiritsitsa nthambi.
Komanso, monga nthawi zambiri, chiwopsezo ku chiweto ndi munthu yemwe. Komanso, malingaliro okonda kulimbana ndi kuduwo amalimbikitsidwa ndikuti nyama zokhala ndi ziboda zogawanikana sizidana ndikudya nawo zokolola zochokera kuminda yazaulimi yakomweko. Kuyambira kale, kudu wovulazidwa amawerengedwa ngati chikho chachikulu pakasaka mlenje aliyense. Chopatsidwacho chinali nyama ya nyama, khungu ndi nyanga zamtengo wapatali - nkhani yosaka okhometsa. Anthu am'deralo amazigwiritsa ntchito pamiyambo, posungira uchi, komanso popanga zida zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zoyimba. Kuwonongeka kwa malo ndi vuto lina kwa anthu Kudu. Kudziwitsa ndi kuyenda moyenera ndi njira zofunika kwambiri kuti mitundu iyi isungidwe.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Greater Kudu amadziwika kuti ndi Wosasamala Kwambiri pa IUCN Red List. Kutchuka kwake kudakalipo kwambiri kumadera ena akumwera ndi South-Central Africa. Koma kukumana ndi nyamayi ku East Africa kumawerengedwa kuti ndi chinthu chachilendo kwambiri. Mitunduyi imawerengedwa kuti ili pangozi ku Somalia ndi Uganda ndipo ili pachiwopsezo ku Chad ndi Kenya.
Kuphatikiza pa kuwonongedwa ndi adani achilengedwe komanso alenje, kuwukira anthu ndikuwononga malo achilengedwe ndizowopseza agwape.
Chiwerengero cha Big Kudu chimayambanso kufalikira kwa matenda monga anthrax ndi chiwewe. Mwamwayi, kuchira matenda ndikoposa kufa. Greater kudu imayimilidwa m'malo osungira nyama ndi nkhokwe monga Selous Wildlife Refuge ku Tanzania, Kruger National Park ndi Bavianskloof Protected Area ku South Africa. Dera lomalizirali ndi gawo lofunika la World Heritage Site, Cape Flower Kingdom.
