Tapir ndi nthumwi za zinyama zomwe zili mu dongosolo la ma equids ndi gulu la Zinyama. Ngakhale mawonekedwe akunja amafanana ndi nkhumba, ma tapir amakhala ndi thunthu lalifupi, koma limasinthidwa bwino kuti lizigwire.
Kufotokozera kwa matepi
Makulidwe a tapir amasiyana kutengera mitundu yake... Nthawi zambiri, kutalika kwa tapir wamkulu sikupitilira ma mita angapo, ndipo kutalika kwa mchira kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 7-13. Kutsogolo kwa tapir kuli zala zinayi, ndipo miyendo yakumbuyo ya nyamayo ili ndi zala zitatu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mlomo wapamwamba wa tapir ndi mphuno zazitali zimapanga kachilombo kocheperako koma koyenda kwambiri, kamene kamathera pachimake chomazunguliridwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi lotchedwa vibrissae.
Chifukwa cha ziboda zake zazing'ono, nyama imatha kuyenda bwino panthaka yofewa komanso yowoneka bwino. Maso ndi ochepa kukula kwake, omwe amapezeka m'mbali mwa mutu.
Maonekedwe
Oimira amtundu uliwonse, amtundu wa Tapir ndi mtundu wa Tapir, ali ndi chidziwitso chakunja kwawo:
- Ma tapir osalala kulemera kwake pakati pa 150-270 makilogalamu, ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 210-220 masentimita ndi mchira waufupi kwambiri. Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu pofota ndi masentimita 77-108. Ma tapir otambalala ali ndi mane pang'ono kumbuyo kwa mutu, tsitsi lakuda-bulauni kumbuyo, komanso mimba yakuda, chifuwa ndi miyendo. Makutu amasiyanitsidwa ndi mapangidwe oyera. Malamulo a nyama ndi ophatikizana komanso okwanira minyewa, ndi miyendo yamphamvu;
- Mapiri tapiri ali ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 130-180, ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka masentimita 180 ndi kutalika m'mapewa mulifupi mwa masentimita 75-80. Mtundu wa malaya nthawi zambiri umakhala wakuda mpaka wakuda, koma maupangiri amilomo ndi khutu opepuka amapezeka. Thupi limakula, lili ndi miyendo yopyapyala ndi mchira waung'ono kwambiri, wamfupi;
- Tapir waku Central America, kapena Tapir wa Byrd kutalika kwake kumafota mpaka 120 cm, ndikutalika kwa thupi mkati mwa 200 cm ndikulemera mpaka 300 kg. Ndi nyama yakutchire yayikulu kwambiri kumadera otentha aku America. Mitunduyi imadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mane ndi tsitsi lalifupi, lokhala ndi utoto wakuda wakuda. Khosi ndi masaya ndi imvi;
- Tapir wakuda ali ndi kulemera kwa thupi pakati pa 250-320 makilogalamu, ndi kutalika kwa thupi kwa 1.8-2.4 m ndi kutalika kwake kufota kopitilira mita. Tapir yakumbuyo yakuda imatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndikupezeka kwa banga lalikulu loyera moyera (nsalu yonyamula) kumbuyo ndi mbali. Chovala chotsalazo ndi chakuda kapena chakuda, kupatula malire oyera kumapeto kwa makutu. Chovala cha ma tapir akuda ndi chochepa komanso chachifupi, ndipo manewo kulibiretu. Khungu m'chigawo cha mutu ndi nape ndi 20-25 mm wandiweyani, womwe umateteza khosi la nyama kuchokera ku mano a mitundu yonse yodya nyama.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mwa oimira mitundu yakuda ya tapir nthawi zambiri amapezeka otchedwa melanistic, omwe amadziwika ndi malaya akuda kwathunthu.
Nyama yamphongo yofanana ndi Tapirus kabomani idapezeka ndi gulu la asayansi aku Brazil kumapeto kwa 2013. Imodzi mwa mitundu isanu ya tapir yamoyo ndi yaying'ono kukula. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu sikupitilira masentimita 130, ndikulemera kwa 110 kg. Nyamayo imakhala yakuda kapena yakuda. Mitunduyi imakhala m'madera a Colombia ndi Brazil.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Plain tapir amakhala moyo wokhawokha, ndipo anthu awiriwa amapezeka nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhanza kwa wina ndi mnzake. Zinyama zimawonetsa malo awo ndi mkodzo, ndipo kulumikizana ndi abale kumachitika ndikuboola phokoso, kofanana ndi mluzu. Timapiri totsika tokwera usiku timathera usana m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri, ndipo usikuwo ukangoyamba kumene amapita kukafunafuna chakudya.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mitundu ina yama tapir sikuti ndi osambira abwino okha, komanso okwera miyala, komanso amasangalala kukumba ndikusambira m'matope mosangalala kwambiri.
Ngakhale kukula kwake ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu, ma tapir samangosambira bwino kokha, komanso amathamangira mwakuya mokwanira. Mwambiri, oimira achilendowa a zinyama, omwe ali mgulu la Equid-hoofed ndi Class Mammals, ndi amanyazi komanso osamala. Pachizindikiro choyamba chowopseza, ma tapir amafuna malo ogona kapena kuthawa mwachangu, koma ngati kuli kotheka, amatha kudziteteza ndi kulumidwa.
Kodi matepi amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Kutalika kwa moyo wa tapir m'malo abwino achilengedwe sikupitilira zaka makumi atatu.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Akazi a m'zigwa ndi tapir nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupifupi 15-100 makilogalamu olemera kuposa amuna achikulire amtundu uwu. Palibe kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu.
Mitundu yama tapir
Mitundu yomwe ilipo pano:
- Plain tapir (Tapirus terrestris) kuphatikiza ma subspecies T. t. aenigmaticus, T. colombianus, T. spegazzinii ndi T. terrestris;
- Mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque);
- Tapir waku Central America (Tapirus bairdii);
- Tapir yakuda yakuda (Tapirus indicus);
- Tapirus kabomani.
Ndizosangalatsa! Asayansi akuti nkhalango za ku Asia ndi America ndi achibale a zipembere ndi mahatchi, ndipo, mwina, mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi akavalo akale kwambiri.
Ma tapir osatha: Tapirus johnsoni; Tapirus mesopotamicus; Tapirus merriami; Tapirus polkensis; Tapirus simpsoni; Tapirus sanyuanensis; Tapirus sinensis; Tapirus haysii; Tapirus webbi; Tapirus lundeliusi; Tapirus veroensis; Tapirus greslebini ndi Tapirus augustus.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Ma tapir wamba amapezeka lero kumadera ambiri ku South America, komanso kum'mawa kwa Andes. Mitundu yayikulu yoyimira mitundu iyi pakadali pano imachokera kudera la Venezuela ndi Colombia mpaka kumwera kwa Brazil, kumpoto kwa Argentina ndi Paraguay. Malo achilengedwe a tchire la tapir makamaka amakhala madera otentha okhala m'nkhalango pafupi ndi matupi amadzi.
Oimira mitundu ya tapir tapir ali ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri logawa ndikukhala pakati pa abale onse... Nyama zoterezi tsopano zimapezeka ku Andes ku Colombia, kumpoto kwa Peru ndi ku Ecuador. Nyamayo imakonda nkhalango zamapiri ndi zigwa mpaka kudera lamapiri achisanu, chifukwa chake imatsika kwambiri monyinyirika mpaka kufika mamita 2000 kupitirira nyanja.
Mitundu ya tapir ya Central America imapezeka m'malo omwe akuyambira kumwera kwa Mexico kudzera ku Central America kupita kumadera a m'mbali mwa nyanja ku Western Ecuador ndi Colombia. Malo okhala zachilengedwe za ku Central America tapir ndi madera a nkhalango zamtundu wotentha kwambiri. Monga lamulo, nyama zoweta zotere zimakonda madera omwe ali pafupi ndi matupi akulu amadzi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Anthu aku Asia adatcha tapir "wakudya maloto" ndipo amakhulupirirabe kuti chifanizo cha nyama iyi yosemedwa kuchokera ku mtengo kapena mwala kumathandiza munthu kuthana ndi maloto oyipa kapena kugona tulo.
Ma tapir amtundu wakuda amapezeka kumwera ndi pakati pa Sumatra, madera ena a Malaysia, ku Myanmar ndi Thailand, mpaka ku Malay Peninsula. Asayansi amavomereza kuti nthumwi zamtunduwu zitha kukhala kumadera akumwera kwambiri a Cambodia, madera ena a Vietnam ndi Laos, koma palibe chilichonse chodalirika chokhudza izi pakadali pano. Mwambiri, ma tapir amapezekabe mmalo mwa mbiri yawo yakale, yomwe idagawika mzaka zapitazi.
Zakudya za tapir
Oimira mitundu yonse ya ma tapir amadya zakudya zokhazokha. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zoweta zoterezi zimakonda mbali zofewa kwambiri za zitsamba kapena udzu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zakudya za zinyama zolemera kwambiri ndizolemera komanso zosiyanasiyana, ndipo pakuwunika kunali kotheka kutsimikizira kuti mitundu yoposa zana yazomera zosiyanasiyana imakhala chakudya cha tapir.
Kuphatikiza pa masamba, nyama zoterezi zimadya mwachangu ndere komanso masamba ochepa kwambiri, mitundu yonse ya moss, nthambi za mitengo kapena zitsamba, komanso maluwa ndi zipatso zawo. Kuti apeze chakudya chokwanira, ma tapir nthawi zambiri amaponda njira zonse.
Kubereka ndi ana
Woyambitsa pakupanga ubale wapabanja pakati pa ma tapir ndi wamkazi wokhwima pogonana. Njira yolumikizirana imatha kuchitika chaka chonse. Nthawi zambiri, nyamazi zimakwera m'madzi.
Ma Tapir amasiyanitsidwa ndi masewera osangalatsa osakanikirana, pomwe amuna amakopana ndi akazi ndipo amathamangira pambuyo pake kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo nthawi isanakwane, banjali limapanga mawu omveka kwambiri, okumbutsa kwambiri kung'ung'udza, kulira kapena china chofanana ndi likhweru. Chaka chilichonse ma tapir amasintha anzawo ogonana nawo, motero nyamazi sizingasankhidwe kuti ndizosankha kapena zokhulupirika kwa anzawo.
Mbewuyo imanyamulidwa ndi mkazi kwa nthawi yopitirira chaka chimodzi. Monga lamulo, pambuyo pa miyezi khumi ndi inayi ya mimba, mwana m'modzi yekha amabadwa. Nthawi zina amabadwa ana angapo, koma zoterezi ndizochepa kwambiri m'chilengedwe komanso posunga tapir mu ukapolo. Kulemera kwapakati pa mwana aliyense wakhanda ndi 5-9 makilogalamu okha (amasiyanasiyana kwambiri kutengera mtundu wa nyama). Ana onse ali ofanana ndi mtundu wina, wopangidwa ndi mawanga ndi mikwingwirima. Mkazi amadyetsa ana ake m'malo apamwamba ndi mkaka chaka chonse.
Akangobereka, mayi ndi khanda amakonda kuthawira m'nkhalango zowirira, koma anawo akamakula, nyamayo imayamba kutuluka pang'onopang'ono. Munthawi imeneyi, mkazi amaphunzitsa pang'onopang'ono mwana wake kudya chakudya chomera. Pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ana a tapir amayamba kupanga utoto wamtundu wa mitundu yawo. Nyamayo imatha msinkhu wathunthu, monga lamulo, ili ndi zaka chimodzi ndi theka mpaka zaka zinayi.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani achilengedwe komanso ofala kwambiri a ma tapir m'malo achilengedwe ndi ma cougars, akambuku, nyamazi, zimbalangondo, ankhonda ndi ng'ona, koma mdani wawo wamkulu ngakhale lero ndi munthu. Mwachitsanzo, zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwakukulu kwa ma tapir aku Central America ndikowononga nkhalango zam'malo otentha ku Central America, dera lomwe latsika pafupifupi 70% mzaka zapitazi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mphuno yayitali ndi machubu opumira amalola tapir kukhalabe m'madzi kwa mphindi zingapo, motero kubisala kwa omwe amawatsata.
Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa malo okhala ma tapir, mitundu yosavuta imalowerera malo olimapo, komwe koko kapena minda ya nzimbe imawonongedwa ndi nyama. Eni ake m'minda yotere nthawi zambiri amawombera nyama zomwe zawononga chuma chawo. Kusaka nyama ndi khungu lamtengo wapatali ndikuwopsezanso ma tapir ambiri okhala kutsika.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Ma tapir osaka ndi oletsedwa, chifukwa chochepa cha nyama yotere... Mwachitsanzo, Mountain Tapir tsopano ikuyesedwa ngati yowopsezedwa ndi IUCN, yokhala ndi anthu 2,500 okha. Udindo wa tapir waku Central America umatanthauzanso kuti "uli pangozi". Chiwerengero cha ma tapir otere sichidutsa nyama 5000.
