Kadzidzi ndi kambalame kakang'ono kofanana ndi kadzidzi. Dzinalo m'Chilatini ndi Athene, likugwirizana kwambiri ndi dzina la mulungu wamkazi wakale wachi Greek wankhondo ndi nzeru, Pallas Athena. Mbalamezi, limodzi ndi njoka yomwe idakhala mnzake wa mwana wamkazi wankhondo wa Zeus, nthawi zambiri amalandidwa ndi ojambula ndi ojambula pazithunzi ndi zifanizo. Koma kudera la Russia, kadzidzi m'mbuyomu sichinakondwere: anthu amawona kuti ndi omwe amachititsa mavuto ndi zovuta ndipo amaganiza kuti kukumana ndi kadzidzi ndi malodza.
Kufotokozera kwa akadzidzi
Kutengera mtunduwo, mitundu iwiri mpaka isanu ndi ya mtundu wa kadzidzi.... Malinga ndi mtunduwo, womwe pano umawonedwa kuti ndi wolondola kwambiri, mitundu itatu yokha ndi yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi akadzidzi enieni: Brahmin, bulauni ndi kalulu. Ndipo kadzidzi wa m'nkhalango, yemwe anali wawo, tsopano wagawanika kukhala mtundu wina - Heteroglaux.
Maonekedwe
Kadzidzi sangadzitamande pakukula kwakukulu: kutalika kwa thupi la mbalamezi sikuposa masentimita makumi atatu, ndipo sikulemera magalamu 200 kulemera kwake. Mapiko awo amatha kufika pafupifupi masentimita 60. Kunja, amafanana ndi anapiye a kadzidzi, pomwe mbalame zazikulu, ngakhale zimaoneka ngati akadzidzi, ndi zazikulu kwambiri kuposa izo. Ngati mutu wa kadzidzi uli ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, ndiye kuti mutu wa kadzidzi ndiwofewa kwambiri, kukumbukira chimphona chowongoka chomwe chili pambali pake, pomwe nkhope yawo sinatchulidwe bwino. Kusiyana kwina pakati pa akadzidzi ndi akadzidzi ndikuti alibe nthenga pamutu pawo zomwe zimafanana ndi makutu.
Mchira ndi waufupi; ikapindidwa, mapikowo amawonekeranso mwachidule. Ziwombankhanga zili ndi nthenga zakuda kwambiri zofiirira kapena zamchenga, zosungunuka ndimadontho oyera, zomwe zimapanga nsidze zoyera pamutu, ndipo zimwazikana pathupi lanyama modabwitsa. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, pamithunzi pamimba pamakhala pamimba, pomwe mawanga akulu, akuda kwambiri amadziwika bwino.
Misomali ndi yofiirira, yakutali komanso yakuthwa. Mlomo wa kadzidzi ukhoza kukhala wachikasu, nthawi zambiri pophatikiza zobiriwira zobiriwira komanso imvi, ndipo nthawi zina milomo imakhala yakuda kuposa mandible. Maso a mbalamezi ndi owala, ndi mwana wakuda wodziwika bwino, yemwe amawonekera kumbuyo kwa nthenga zofiirira. Mtundu wa diso, kutengera mtundu, umatha kukhala wachikaso chowala mpaka golide wonyezimira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mafotokozedwe a "nkhope" ya kadzidzi ndiwopsya, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi obaya komanso olasa. Kwa anthu ambiri, mawonekedwe onse akadzidzi amawoneka onyansa komanso osasangalatsa makamaka chifukwa cha "physiognomy" yake yodabwitsika komanso chidwi chofuna kudziwa zomwe zimachitika mu mbalamezi mwachilengedwe.
Icho chinali mbali yakunja ya kadzidzi yomwe inakhala chifukwa cha malingaliro olakwika a anthu kwa iwo ku Russia. Mpaka pano, munthu wokhumudwa komanso wokhumudwa nthawi zambiri amauzidwa kuti: "Chifukwa chiyani ukupindika nkhope yako ngati kadzidzi?"
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Kadzidzi ndi mbalame zomwe zimakhala pansi usiku.... Zowona, zina mwa mbalamezi zimatha kusamuka nthawi ndi nthawi mtunda waufupi, koma nthawi zambiri kadzidzi amakhala malo ena osakhalitsa ndipo sasintha. Mofanana ndi akadzidzi ena onse, ali ndi maso ndi makutu abwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyenda kwake m'nkhalango usiku ndikupangitsa kusaka kukhala kosavuta. Ziwombankhanga zimatha kuuluka mwakachetechete komanso mosamala kotero kuti nyama zomwe zingathe kuzisaka nthawi zina sizimatha kuzindikira kuyandikira kwa chilombo mpaka sekondi yotsiriza, ndiyeno kwachedwa kale kuti zithawe kuthawa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chifukwa chakuti mbalamezi sizimazungulira maso awo, kuti ziwone zomwe zikuchitika kuchokera mbali, zimayenera kutembenuza mitu yawo. Ndipo ili mu kadzidzi, chifukwa chakuti ili ndi khosi losinthasintha, imatha kutembenuka ngakhale madigiri 270.
Mbalamezi zimagwira ntchito makamaka usiku ndi m'mawa kwambiri, ngakhale kuti pali zina mwa zikopa zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngakhale masana. Amakhala osamala kwambiri ndipo salola kuti munthu awafikire. Ngati izi zidachitika, ndiye kuti kadzidzi adadzidzimuka amayesa kuwopseza mdani yemwe angakhalepo mwanjira yosangalatsa kwambiri: imayamba kupendekeka uku ndi uku ndikugwada moseketsa. Kunja, mawonekedwe akuvina akuwoneka oseketsa, ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe adaziwonapo.
Ngati kadzidzi, ngakhale adachita khama kwambiri, sanathe kuopseza mdani ndi kuvina ndipo sanaganize zobwerera, ndiye kuti akuchoka pamalo ake ndikukwera pamwamba pamtunda. Mbalamezi zimakhala masiku awo zikupuma m'maenje a mitengo kapena m'malo ang'onoang'ono pakati pa miyala. Ziwombankhanga zimamanga zisa zawo zokha kapena zimakhala zisa zomwe mbalame zina zimasiyidwa, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodula mitengo. Monga lamulo, samazisintha m'moyo wawo wonse, zachidziwikire, ngati palibe chomwe chingachitike, chifukwa chake mbalameyo imayenera kuchoka pamalo ake kuti ikakhale chisa chatsopano.
Ndi akadzidzi angati omwe amakhala
Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi moyo wokwanira: moyo wawo ndi zaka pafupifupi 15.
Zoyipa zakugonana
M'makutu, sinafotokozeredwe bwino: osatengera mtundu wa malamulo, kapena mtundu wa nthenga, samatha kusiyanitsidwa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Ngakhale kukula kwa mbalame za amuna ndi akazi osiyanasiyana ndizofanana, ngakhale kuti wamkazi akhoza kukhala wokulirapo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zina zimakhala zotheka kumvetsetsa kuti ndi ndani mwa iwo amene, nthawi zina amangokhala ndimakhalidwe a akadzidzi pa nthawi ya chibwenzi ndi kukwatira.
Mitundu ya kadzidzi
Pakadali pano, mtundu wa kadzidzi wowona umaphatikizapo mitundu itatu:
- Brahmin kadzidzi.
- Kadzidzi wamng'ono.
- Kalulu Kadzidzi.
Komabe, kunalibenso mbalame zambiri zamtunduwu. Koma ambiri a iwo adatha mu Pleistocene. Ndipo zamoyo monga, mwachitsanzo, akadzidzi obowola ku Cretan ndi Antiguan adatha pambuyo poti anthu azikhazikika m'malo amtunduwu omwe mbalamezi zimakhalapo kale.
Brahmin kadzidzi
Zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana: kutalika sikupitilira 20-21 masentimita, ndipo kulemera kwake - 120 g. Mtundu waukulu wa nthenga ndi imvi-bulauni, wopukutidwa ndi zoyera zoyera, pamimba, m'malo mwake, ndi yoyera ndimabala ang'onoang'ono amtundu waukulu. Pakhosi ndi pansi pamutu pali mawonekedwe ofanana ndi "kolala" yoyera. Mawu a kadzidzi wa Brahmin amafanana ndi kukuwa kwamphamvu. Mbalameyi imakhala m'dera lalikulu lomwe limapezeka kum'mwera chakum'mawa ndi South Asia, komanso Iran.
Kadzidzi wamng'ono
Kukula pang'ono kuposa mitundu yam'mbuyomu: kukula kwake kumatha kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 25, ndipo kulemera kwake - mpaka magalamu 170. Mtundu wa nthenga zazikulu ndizofiirira pang'ono kapena mchenga wokhala ndi nthenga zoyera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mtundu uwu wa akadzidzi umadziwika ndi dzina chifukwa nthumwi zake nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika m'nyumba zapadenga kapena m'khola. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti akadzidzi amnyumba amaweta bwino, nthawi zambiri amasungidwa ngati mbalame zokongoletsera.
Amakhala m'dera lalikulu, lomwe limaphatikizapo South ndi Central Europe, kumpoto kwa kontrakitala wa Africa, ndi Asia ambiri (kupatula kumpoto).
Kalulu kadzidzi
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya mtundu wa Athene, akadzidziwa samangokhala usiku, komanso masana, ngakhale masana kutentha amakonda kubisala padzuwa m'malo obisalamo. Nthenga zawo zimakhala zofiirira, zofiirira kwambiri komanso zoyera zazikulu.... Chifuwa ndi kumtunda kwa mimba ndi kofiirako ndi zipsera zachikaso, ndipo m'munsi mwake ndi utoto umodzi, wachikasu loyera. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 23. Mbalamezi zimakhala kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa America, makamaka pamalo otseguka. Makola a akalulu kapena makoswe ena nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa ngati malo obisalira.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Kadzidzi ali ndi malo okhala ambiri. Mbalamezi zimakhala ku Ulaya, Asia, kumpoto kwa Africa, komanso ku New World. Nthawi yomweyo, amakhala omasuka m'malo onse otseguka komanso m'nkhalango komanso ngakhale kumapiri, madera opanda zipululu komanso zipululu.
Brahmin akadzidzi
Okhala ku South Asia, amakonda kukhala m'mapiri otseguka ndi malo otseguka, odzaza ndi tchire. Nthawi zambiri imakhazikika pafupi ndi pomwe anthu amakhala: imapezekanso m'mabwalo a Delhi kapena Calcutta. Nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika m'mabowo a mitengo, koma nthawi yomweyo imatha kukhazikika mkati mwa nyumba kapena muzenje zopangidwa pamakoma, mwachitsanzo, m'mabwinja akachisi akale ndi nyumba zachifumu zakale. Komanso, mbalamezi sizimangokhalira kukakhazikika pachisa cha wina, zomwe zatayidwa kale ndi eni ake, motero nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'matumba a Indian starlings-myne.
Kadzidzi wanyumba
Pogawidwa kudera lalikulu lomwe limakhudza Central ndi Southern Europe, pafupifupi Asia ndi kumpoto kwa Africa konse, nyumba ndi nyumba zina zimasankhidwanso kukhala malo awo okhala. Mwambiri, kuthengo, amakonda kukhazikika m'malo abata, kuphatikiza zipululu komanso zipululu. Zisa m'mabowo, ziphuphu zopanda pake, miyala yambiri ndi malo ena achilengedwe ofanana.
Akadzidzi akalulu.
Amatchedwanso akadzidzi a kalulu kapena phanga, amakhala ku America, kumpoto ndi kumwera. Amakonda kukhazikika m'malo otseguka okhala ndi masamba ochepa. Zisa zimamangidwa mu mphasa za akalulu ndi mbewa zina zazikulu, zimapumulanso ndikudikirira kutentha masana.
Zakudya za kadzidzi
Akadzidzi, monga mbalame zina zodya nyama, ayenera kusaka kuti apeze chakudya..
Amakonda kuchita izi awiriawiri, komanso, amachita zinthu modabwitsa, zomwe zimawathandiza kupha ngakhale mbewa zazikulu, zomwe mbalame imodzi yomwe idaganiza zitha kuwopsa. Nokha, akadzidzi amasaka masewera osavulaza kwambiri: nenani, mbewa zoyipa zomwe zimakhala mobisa m'mabowo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mbalamezi, zomwe zakhala zikusaka nyama mobisa kwanthawi yayitali, ndizosavuta kuzizindikira poyang'ana kaye: nthenga pamutu pawo komanso kumbuyo kwawo nthawi zambiri zimachotsedwa, kotero kuti mwa oimira ena amtunduwu, m'malo mwawo, amangokhala mafupa omwe amawoneka ngati singano.
Mwambiri, kutengera mitundu, mitundu ya akadzidzi imasiyanasiyana: zina mwa mbalamezi zimakonda kusaka mbewa, zina zimakopa kachilomboka muzisa zawo ndikuzidya ndi njala, ndipo enanso amasaka ma arachnids monga phalanx ... Samakana abuluzi, achule, achule, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, mbozi ndi zina zing'onozing'ono kuposa iwo, mbalame.
Posadalira kwambiri mwayi wosaka, kadzidzi nthawi zambiri amasungira chakudya tsiku lamvula. Akadzidzi a kalulu apita patali kwambiri: amabweretsa manyowa a zinyama zina m'mabowo awo, potero amakopa nyongolotsi pamenepo, zomwe amakonda kuzidya.
Kubereka ndi ana
Ziwombankhanga zimayamba kuganizira zakuberekanso nthawi yozizira, mozungulira mwezi wa February: ndi nthawi yomweyi zimayamba kufunafuna wokwatirana naye. Amuna amayesa kukopa chidwi cha akazi mwa kukuwa, ndipo akapambana, mwambowu umayambira, womwe umaphatikizapo kuchitira wokondedwa wake ndi nyama, komanso kumenyerana ndi kutsinana pang'ono pakamwa.
Zikatha izi, mbalame zimamanga chisa ndipo yaikazi imaikira mazira oyera awiri kapena asanu. Amayamba kuwaswa nthawi yomweyo, akangosiya koyamba - monga mbalame zonse zodya nyama zimachitira. Chifukwa chake, sizosadabwitsa kuti patatha mwezi umodzi, ikafika nthawi yoti anaswa ana, onse amakula mosiyanasiyana ndikukula. Pachifukwa ichi, mpaka nthawi yomwe pansi pamalowa nthenga zazikulu, kuchokera pagulu lonselo, anapiye 1-2 amakhala ndi akadzidzi, ngakhale makolo amawasamalira mwakhama.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pomwe chachikazi chimasamira mazira, osakhala nawo kwakanthawi kochepa kamodzi patsiku, champhongo chimamusamalira ndi ana amtsogolo: amamudyetsa ndi nyama yake, kumusandutsa ngati nkhuku yankhuku nthawi yomwe kulibe, ndikuteteza bwenzi lake komanso kuyikira mazira poyeserera kuchokera kuzilombo zina.
Mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala kale zimakhala mchisa cha makolo pafupifupi milungu itatu, ndikuphunzira panthawiyi zovuta za kusaka ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Ziwombankhanga zimakula msinkhu wa chaka chimodzi, kuyambira nthawi imeneyi zimatha kuyamba kufunafuna okha ndi kumanga chisa cha ana amtsogolo.
Adani achilengedwe
Kwa akadzidzi omwe amakhala pafupi ndi malo omwe anthu amakhala, amphaka owopsa akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo, ndipo kumadera otentha, anyani, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi mizinda, amatha kukhala owopsa. Mbalame zomwe zimadya nthawi zonse komanso mbalame zam'mimba, makamaka akhwangwala, omwe amatha kuwukira kadzidzi omwe amakhala panthambi za mitengo ndikuwamenya mpaka milomo yawo, atha kukhala owopsa kwa iwo. Mitengo ya kadzidzi yomwe imakhala m'mabowo ili pangozi ndi mitundu yambiri ya njoka, yomwe imatha kukwawa mosavuta mkati mwa chisa.
Komabe, sizinyama zolusa zomwe zimawopseza moyo wa mbalamezi, koma majeremusi, akunja ndi akunja. Ndi kufalikira kwawo komwe kumalingaliridwa chifukwa chachikulu chomwe kadzidzi ambiri amawonongeka popanda ngakhale nthawi yoti akwaniritse.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Pakadali pano, akadzidzi - mitundu yonse itatu ya mtundu wa Athene - ali m'gulu lazinthu zomwe sizikudetsa nkhawa. Ziweto zawo ndizochulukirapo, ndipo magawowa ndi ochulukirapo kuti azindikire kuti akadzidzi ndi mbalame zomwe sizikuwopsezedwa kuti zitha posachedwa. Kadzidzi pakangoyang'ana koyamba kumaoneka ngati kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi. M'malo mwake, ndi ocheperako kuposa iwo. Chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wa mchenga wobiriwira, mbalamezi ndizodzibisa zenizeni, kotero kuti anthu ambiri amva kadzidzi akulira, koma ndi ochepa omwe angadzitamande kuti adaziwona.
Ngakhale madera ambiri, mwachitsanzo, ku Central Russia ndi India, amawerengedwa kuti ndi olengeza za tsoka ndi tsoka, m'malo ena, ku Siberia, akadzidzi, m'malo mwake, amawerengedwa kuti ndi abwino othandizira apaulendo omwe sawalola kuti asochere nkhalango panjira zanyama zopindika ndipo ndi kulira kwawo ziwonetsa munthu njira yoyenera. Mulimonsemo, mbalameyi, yomwe imakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, imayenera kulemekezedwa ndi kuyang'aniridwa kwambiri. Ndipo sizachabe kuti mu 1992 anali kadzidzi wamng'ono yemwe adasindikizidwa ngati watermark pa 100 guilder banknot.
