Garden bunting ndi mbalame yaying'ono yoimba yochokera ku passerines, yomwe imasiyana ndi mpheta wamba yonyezimira. Koma ngakhale kuti kukula ndi mawonekedwe ake onse, kubetcherana kuli kofanana ndi mpheta, mwadongosolo mbalamezi zili pafupi ndi dongosolo lina, kutanthauza mbalame.
Kufotokozera zakunyumba kwamaluwa
Mbalameyi, yomwe ili ndi dongosolo la anthu odutsa, imapezeka ku Eurasia... Imafanana kwambiri ndi oatmeal wamba, koma imakhala ndi mtundu wowala pang'ono. Ku Europe, imadziwikanso ndi dzina loti Orthalan, lomwe limachokera ku dzina lachi Latin - Emberiza hortulana.
Maonekedwe
Makulidwe am'munda wokhala ndi zing'onozing'ono: kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 16, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi kwa magalamu 20 mpaka 25. Ngakhale kufanana kofananako ndi mpheta, ndizosatheka kusokoneza mbalame ziwirizi: mtundu wa nkhwangwa wam'munda umakhala wowala kwambiri, komanso kapangidwe ka thupi ndiosiyana pang'ono, koma kosiyana: thupi lake ndi lalitali kwambiri, miyendo yake ndi mchira wake ndi wautali, ndipo mlomo wake ndi wokulirapo.
Mwa mitundu iyi, utoto umasintha malinga ndi kugonana komanso mbalame. M'minda yambiri yam'munda, mutu umapangidwa ndi mthunzi waimvi, womwe umayenderera mpaka nthenga zofiirira pakhosi, kenako nkukhala bulauni yofiirira kumbuyo kwa mbalameyi, yomwe imasinthidwa ndi utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi utoto wobiriwira kumbuyo ndi kumtunda chakumtunda. Nthenga zomwe zili pamapiko ndizofiirira-zakuda, ndimadontho oyera oyera.
Mphete yopepuka kuzungulira maso, komanso chibwano, pakhosi ndi zotupa zitha kukhala za mthunzi uliwonse kuchokera ku chikasu choyera choyera mpaka choyera chachikaso, chomwe chimasanduka maolivi obiriwira pachifuwa cha oatmeal. Mimba ndi zoyimbira ndi zofiirira zofiirira zokhala ndi utoto wachikaso mbali. Milomo ndi miyendo ya mbalamezi ndi yofiira mopepuka, ndipo maso ake ndi a bulauni.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'nyengo yozizira, nthenga za m'munda zokhala ndi zovuta zimasiyana mosiyana ndi chilimwe: mtundu wake umakhala wosalala, ndipo malire owoneka bwino amawonekera m'mphepete mwa nthenga.
Mu mbalame zazing'ono, utoto umakhala wochepa; Kuphatikiza apo, anapiye okulirapo amakhala ndi mizere yakuda yakuthupi pathupi lonse komanso pamutu. Milomo yawo ndi miyendo ndi yofiirira, osati yofiira, monga abale awo achikulire.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Garden bunting ndiimodzi mwa mbalame zomwe zimauluka nthawi yozizira m'malo otentha kugwa. Komanso, masiku omwe amayamba kusamuka, monga lamulo, amagwera pakatikati pa nthawi yophukira. Masika, mbalame zimachoka m'malo awo achisanu ku Africa ndi South Asia ndikubwerera kumalo awo kuti zikapatse moyo m'badwo watsopano wazolumikiza m'munda.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kukwapula kwamaluwa kumakonda kusamukira kumwera m'magulu akulu, koma kubwerera kozungulira, monga lamulo, m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Mbalamezi zimasintha nthawi zina, ndipo nthawi yotentha zimagwira ntchito m'mawa ndi madzulo, kutentha kumachepa pang'ono kapena kulibe nthawi yoyambira. Monga odutsa onse, kukwatirana kumunda amakonda kusambira m'madontho, mitsinje yosaya ndi mitsinje yosaya m'mbali mwa nyanja, ndipo atasambira amakhala pamphepete mwa nyanja ndikuyamba kutsuka nthenga zawo. Liwu la mbalamezi limatikumbutsa za kulira kopitilira muyeso, koma lilinso ndi ma trill, omwe akatswiri azakuthambo amawatcha "bunting". Monga mwalamulo, kubangula kumunda kumayimba, kukhala pamitengo yapamtunda kapena zitsamba, komwe angawone momwe zikuwonekera komanso komwe amatha kuwonekera bwino.
Mosiyana ndi mpheta, kubera sikungatchulidwe kuti mbalame zosazindikira, koma nthawi yomweyo sawopa anthu: amatha kupitiliza kuchita bizinesi yawo pamaso pa munthu. Ndipo, pakadali pano, zingakhale bwino kuwopa anthu chifukwa cha oatmeal wamaluwa, makamaka iwo omwe amakhala ku France: izi zitha kuthandiza ambiri kuti apewe kugwidwa ndipo, pamapeto pake, atha kukhala m'khola pakona, ndipo choyipa kwambiri, ngakhale khalani mbale yokongola mu malo odyera okwera mtengo.
Komabe, potengedwa, mbalamezi zimazika mizu modabwitsa, ndichifukwa chake okonda nyama zakutchire amazisunga kunyumba.... Kulima m'munda wokhala mchikwere kapena mnyumba mololeza amalola eni ake kuti awatenge m'manja, ndipo ngati mbalamezi zitatulutsidwa mu khola, siziyesa kuwuluka, koma, nthawi zambiri, zitapanga timagulu tating'ono tazungulira mchipindacho, iwowo amabwerera ku khola. ...
Kodi kulowetsa m'munda kumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Oatmeal siimodzi mwa mbalame zomwe zakhala zaka zambiri: ngakhale pansi pazikhalidwe zabwino kwambiri, zimakhala, pafupifupi, zaka 3-4. Kutalika kwanthawi yayitali yokongoletsa malo ake achilengedwe ndi zaka 5.8.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Makulidwe amphongo achimuna ndi achikazi obisalirana m'minda siosiyana kwambiri, komanso kapangidwe ka thupi lawo ndi kofanana, kupatula kuti wamkazi akhoza kukhala wowoneka bwino pang'ono. Komabe, mawonekedwe azakugonana mbalamezi amawonekera bwino chifukwa chakusiyana kwa mtundu wa nthenga: mwa amuna imakhala yowala komanso yosiyana kwambiri ndi akazi. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti mutu wamwamuna ndi wotuwa, kumbuyo ndi mchira zili zofiirira, pakhosi, chotupa, pachifuwa ndi m'mimba chikasu, nthawi zambiri ndi utoto wa lalanje, mithunzi.
Mkazi amatengeka ndimayendedwe a azitona wobiriwira, ndipo bere lake ndi mimba yake zili zoyera ndi maluwa obiriwira obiriwira. Kuphatikiza apo, nthenga zachikazi sizikhala ndi kuwala kofanana ndi kwamphongo. Koma chachikazi chimakhala ndi chidutswa chosiyanitsa pachifuwa, chomwe chimakhala chosaoneka mwa abambo.
Zofunika! Amuna am'minda yamaluwa amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, pomwe akazi ndiosavuta kuzindikira ndi kamvekedwe kawo kautondo wobiriwira ndi maolivi.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Kulumikiza kwamaluwa kuli ponseponse ku Europe ndi Western Asia. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zambiri zanyimbo zomwe zimakonda kutentha pang'ono, zimapezeka ku Arctic. Kum'mwera, magulu awo ku Europe amapitilira ku Mediterranean, ngakhale akuchokera kuzilumba zomwe amakhala ku Kupro kokha. Mbalamezi zimakhazikikanso ku Asia - kuyambira ku Syria ndi Palestina mpaka kumadzulo kwa Mongolia. Kwa nyengo yozizira, kubetcherana kumunda kumawuluka kupita ku South Asia ndi Africa, komwe amapezeka kuchokera ku Persian Gulf kupita ku North Africa komwe.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kutengera magawo awo, kubetcherana m'minda kumatha kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndipo, nthawi zambiri, m'malo omwe simungawapeze m'malo ena.
Chifukwa chake, ku France, mbalamezi zimakhazikika pafupi ndi minda yamphesa, koma kwina kulikonse kumayiko ena sizikupezeka kumeneko.... Kwenikweni, kubetcherana kumakhala m'nkhalango komanso m'malo otseguka. M'nkhalango zowirira, zimatha kuwoneka m'malo ophulika, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango kapena malo okuta omwe ali ndi tchire. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'minda - yachikhalidwe kapena yomwe yasiyidwa kale, komanso m'mbali mwa mitsinje. Mbalamezi zimapezekanso m'mapiri otsika, m'malo otsetsereka, komabe, samakwera kumapiri ataliatali.
Zakudya zam'munda wa oatmeal
Oatmeal wamkulu amadyetsa makamaka zakudya zamasamba, koma nthawi yakulera, amathanso kudya nyama zopanda mafupa zazing'ono monga zotumphukira, akangaude, tizilombo ndi nsabwe zamitengo. Pakadali pano, mbozi za tizirombo tosiyanasiyana, monga njenjete za m'nkhalango, zimakhala chakudya chawo chomwe amakonda. Monga momwe zimamvekera ndi dzina la mbalame, chakudya chomwe amakonda ndi oat, koma oatmeal wamaluwa sadzakana balere, komanso mbewu zina za herbaceous: bluegrass, nettle, bird knotweed, clover, dandelion, plantain, musaiwale ine, sorelo, fescue, chickweed , mankhusu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Garden bunting imakonda kudyetsa anapiye ndi zidole zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chomera ndi chinyama. Nthawi yomweyo, makolo amawadyetsa ndi chakudya chopukutidwa, chomwe amabweretsa ku chotupacho, kenako ndi tizilombo tonse.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nthawi yoberekera ya mbalamezi imayamba atangobwerera komwe adabwerera, pomwe zazikazi zimafika patadutsa masiku angapo kuposa amuna, omwe, akazi akafika, amayamba kuimba nyimbo, kukopa chidwi cha mbalame za amuna kapena akazi anzawo.
Atapanga awiriawiri, ma buntings amayamba kupanga chisa, komanso, kuti apange maziko ake, amasankha kukhumudwa pafupi ndi nthaka, yomwe ili ndi zimayambira zowuma za mbewu zambewu, mizu yopyapyala kapena masamba owuma. Mbalame zimaphimba mkatikati mwa chisa ndi kavalo kapena tsitsi lina la nyama zokhotakhota, zomwe zimatha kuzipeza, nthawi zina, komabe, kulumikizana kwamaluwa kumagwiritsa ntchito nthenga kapena kutsikira izi.
Chisa ndi chowulungika kapena chozungulira mozungulira ndipo chimakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri: kunja ndi mkati... Makulidwe onse atha kukhala mpaka masentimita 12, ndipo m'mimba mwake mpaka masentimita 6.5 Pachifukwa ichi, chisa chimakulitsidwa ndi masentimita 3-4, kotero kuti m'mphepete mwake mugwirizane ndi m'mphepete mwa fossa momwe imakonzedweratu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngati nyengo ili yotentha komanso yotentha, ndiye kuti nthawi yomanga chisa ndi masiku awiri. Mkaziyo amayamba kuikira mazira patatha masiku 1-2 ikumaliza.
Monga lamulo, pa clutch pali mazira 4-5 oyera oyera okhala ndi utoto wozizira wabuluu, wamawangamawanga okhala ndi mawanga akulu akuda ngati mawonekedwe a zikwapu ndi ma curls. Komanso pa zipolopolo za mazira, mutha kuwona mawanga ofiira-ofiirira omwe ali pansi pake. Pomwe chachikazi chimakhala pachisa, kusakaniza ana amtsogolo, champhongo chimamubweretsera chakudya ndipo m'njira iliyonse yotheka chimamuteteza ku ngozi zomwe zingachitike.
Anapiye amaswa patadutsa masiku 10-14 atayamba kuswa. Zimakutidwa ndi zofiirira kwambiri zofiirira pansi ndipo, monga mbalame zazing'ono zambiri zoyimba, mkatikati mwa kamwa mwawo mumakhala utoto wowala wonyezimira kapena wofiira kuchokera mkati. Anapiye ndi osusuka, koma amakula msanga, kuti pakatha masiku khumi ndi awiri atha kuchoka pachisa paokha, ndipo pakatha masiku atatu kapena atatu amayamba kuphunzira kuuluka. Pakadali pano, anapiye omwe akula kale ayamba kale kudya nthanga zosapsa zamitundumitundu kapena zitsamba zosakhwima ndipo posakhalitsa amasiya chakudya cha nyama ndikudzala chakudya.
Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe, ma buntling achichepere, limodzi ndi makolo awo, amasonkhana m'magulu ndikukonzekera kuwuluka kumwera, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, mbalame zazikulu zimasungunuka, nthengazo zitasinthidwa ndi zina zatsopano. Kutentha kwachiwiri kwa chaka ndi pang'ono, ndipo, malinga ndi ofufuza ena, kumachitika mu Januware kapena February. Ndicho, kusinthanitsa pang'ono kwa nthenga zazing'ono kumachitika. Kukwapula m'munda kumafika pakukwanira pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, ndipo pamsinkhu womwewo amayamba kufunafuna wokwatirana naye ndikumanga chisa.
Adani achilengedwe
Chifukwa choti kumangirira kumunda kumapanga zisa pansi, nthawi zambiri mazira oyikidwa ndi wamkazi wa mbalameyi, anapiye ang'onoang'ono, ndipo nthawi zina akuluakulu, amakhala nyama zolusa. Mwa mbalame zogwiritsa ntchito kumunda, mphamba ndi kadzidzi ndizowopsa: akale amasaka iwo masana, ndipo omaliza - usiku. Mwa zolengedwa zoyamwitsa, adani achilengedwe a mbalamezi ndi nyama zolusa monga nkhandwe, ma weasel ndi mbira.
Zofunika! Kupalasa m'minda komwe kumakhala pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu, mwachitsanzo, m'malo akumatawuni kapena pafupi ndi dachas, nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi amphaka ndi agalu oweta. Komanso, akhwangwala otsekedwa, magpies ndi jays, omwe amakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu, atha kukhala pachiwopsezo kwa iwo m'malo olimidwa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Padziko lonse lapansi, kuchuluka kwa mitengo yolima m'minda kumafikira osachepera 22 miliyoni, ndipo akatswiri ena odziwa za mbalame amakhulupirira kuti mbalamezi ndi osachepera 95 miliyoni. Ndizosatheka kuwerengera kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa mbalame zazing'ono zotere zokhala ndi malo oterewa. Komabe, ndizotheka kunena kuti monga zamoyo, kutha kwa zokongoletsa m'minda sikukuwopsezedwa, monga zikuwonekera ndi momwe amasungira padziko lonse lapansi: Zomwe zimayambitsa nkhawa zochepa.
Zofunika! Ngakhale kuti kusamba m'minda ndi mitundu yambiri komanso yotukuka, m'maiko ena aku Europe komanso, ku France, mbalamezi zimawoneka kuti ndizosowa, ngati siziri pangozi.
Izi ndichifukwa choti mbalamezi zimangodyedwa m'maiko omwe phalaphala yam'munda, komanso abale awo oyandikira, asowa. Kuphatikiza apo, osati nyama zolusa, koma anthu omwe adaganiza kuti oatmeal ikhoza kukhala chakudya chokoma, pakukonzekera komwe ukadaulo wapadera wonenepa ndikukonzekeretsa mitembo ya mbalame kukazinga kapena kuphika idapangidwa ku Roma Wakale.
Mtengo wa mbale yotere ndiwokwera, koma izi sizimayimitsa ma gourmets, ndichifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa oatmeal wamaluwa ku France, kutsika ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu pazaka khumi zokha. Ndipo izi zikuchitika ngakhale kuti kusaka zotchedwa "Ortolans", monga momwe mbalamezi zimatchulidwira ku Europe, kudaletsedwa mwalamulo ku 1999. Sizikudziwika kuti ndi angati omwe adaphedwa mwangozi ndi anthu opha nyama, koma asayansi akuganiza kuti anthu osachepera 50,000 amafa motere chaka chilichonse.
Ndipo ngati nkhaniyi ikukhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi ku France, ingakhale theka lavutoli, koma kubetcherana kumunda, kumanga mayiko ena, makamaka ku Baltic States ndi Finland, ndikusamukira kugwa kudutsa France kumwera, nawonso amawonongeka. Mu 2007, mabungwe oteteza ziweto adatsimikiza kuti European Union ikutsatira lamulo lapadera lakuteteza oatmeal ku kuwonongedwa kosalamulirika ndi anthu.
Malinga ndi malangizowa, m'maiko a EU ndizoletsedwa:
- Iphani kapena mugwire oatmeal wam'munda ndi cholinga chonenepa ndi kupha.
- Dala kapena kuwononga dala kapena mazira awo mwadala.
- Sonkhanitsani mazira a mbalamezi kuti musonkhanitse.
- Kusokoneza mwadala dala, makamaka akakhala kuti akutanganidwa ndi mazira kapena kulera anapiye, chifukwa izi zitha kuchititsa kuti achikulire asiye chisa.
- Gulani, gulitsani, kapena sungani mbalame zamoyo kapena zakufa, nyama zolumikizidwa kapena ziwalo za thupi zomwe zimadziwika mosavuta.
Kuphatikiza apo, anthu m'maiko awa ayenera kufotokozera zakusokonekera kwa mfundozi zomwe akuwona kumabungwe oyenera. Oatmeal wamaluwa sangatchulidwe kuti ndi osowa, komabe kuwasaka kwambiri m'maiko aku Europe kumakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi. Mwachitsanzo, m'zigawo zina zaku France, zatsala pang'ono kutha, mwa zina chiwerengero chake chatsika kwambiri. Mwamwayi, osachepera ku Russia, kubetcherana m'munda kumatha kumva, ngati sikokwanira, ndiye kuti ndi chitetezo chotsimikizika: pambuyo pake, kupatula nyama zolusa, palibe chomwe chimaopseza mbalamezi pano.
