Musangs, kapena musangs wamba, kapena Malay palm martens, kapena Malay palm civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) ndizinyama zochokera kubanja la Viverrids lomwe limakhala ku Southeast ndi South Asia. Nyamayo imadziwika bwino chifukwa cha "gawo lapadera" pakupanga khofi wa Kopi Luwak.
Kufotokozera kwa musangs
Nyama yaying'ono komanso yolimba yodya nyama ya banja la Viverrids, ili ndi mawonekedwe osiyana kwambiri... Mwa mawonekedwe awo, musangs amafanana ndi mphira ndi mphaka. Kuyambira 2009, nkhani yowonjezerapo zochitika zingapo za gawo la Sri Lanka ku mitundu itatu ya musang yomwe idalipo idalingaliridwa.
Maonekedwe
Kutalika kwa thupi la musang wamkulu kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 48-59, ndi mchira wathunthu wa masentimita 44-54. Kulemera kwa nyama yokhwima yodya zogonana kumasiyana 1.5-2.5 mpaka 3.8-4.0 kg. Musangi ali ndi thupi losinthasintha komanso lokhalitsa patali, koma miyendo yolimba, yomwe imakhala ndi ziboda zobwezeretsa, monga mphaka aliyense. Nyamayo imasiyanitsidwa ndi mutu wakutsogolo wokhala ndi mphuno yopapatiza komanso mphuno yayikulu yonyowa, maso otuluka kwambiri, komanso makutu akutali komanso ozungulira. Mano ake ndi ofupika, ozungulira, ndipo ma molars ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chifukwa chakupezeka kwa zotulutsa zonunkhira zapadera, ma civet achimalaya adalandira dzina lawo lachilendo - hermaphrodites (hermaphroditus).
Zoyipa ndi mphuno, komanso makutu a nyama yakuthengo iyi, ndi yakuda kwambiri kuposa mtundu wa thupi. Mawanga oyera amatha kupezeka m'mphuno. Chovala chanyama chimakhala cholimba komanso cholimba, mumayendedwe akuda. Ubweyawo umaimiridwa ndi chovala chamkati chofewa komanso malaya apamwamba kwambiri.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Musangi ndi nyama zomwe zimayenda usiku.... Masana, nyama zapakatikati zotere zimayesetsa kukhazikika pakhosi la mipesa, pakati pa nthambi zamitengo, kapena mosavuta ndikukwera m'mabowo agologolo, komwe zimakagona. Dzuwa likangolowa kumene amayamba kusaka mwakhama ndikusaka chakudya. Pakadali pano, ma palm martens aku Malay nthawi zambiri amapanga mawu osangalatsa komanso osasangalatsa. Chifukwa chakupezeka kwa zikhadabo komanso mawonekedwe amiyendo, ma musang amatha kuyenda bwino komanso mwachangu pamitengo, pomwe nyama yowonongera amathera nthawi yayitali. Ngati ndi kotheka, nyama imathamanga bwino komanso mwachangu pansi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chifukwa cha oimira mitundu yomwe ilipo pakadali pano, komanso momwe amakhalira usiku, machitidwe a Sri Lanka Musang samamveka bwino.
Nthawi zina ma civet aku Malawi amakhazikika padenga la nyumba kapena nyumba zodyeramo, momwe zimawopseza anthu ndi phokoso lalikulu ndikufuula usiku. Komabe, nyamayi yaying'ono komanso yogwira ntchito modabwitsa imabweretsa zabwino zambiri kwa anthu, kupha makoswe ndi mbewa zochuluka kwambiri, komanso kupewa miliri yomwe imafalikira ndi mbewa izi. Palm martens amakhala ndi moyo wokhazikika, chifukwa chake, nyamayi yolumikizana imalumikizana awiriawiri pokhapokha munthawi yobereka.
Musang amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Nthawi yovomerezeka ya moyo wa musang kuthengo ili mkati mwa zaka 12-15, ndipo nyama yoweta nyama imatha kukhala zaka makumi awiri, koma anthu oweta ziweto amadziwika, omwe zaka zawo zinali pafupifupi kotala la zana.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Amuna ndi akazi a Musang amakhala ndi tiziwalo timene timakhala ngati timatumbo, tomwe timatulutsa chinsinsi chapadera chokhala ndi fungo labwino. Mwakutero, kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi amtundu womwewo kulibe. Akazi ali ndi ma peyala atatu amabele.
Mitundu ya musang
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa oimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya musang ndi kusiyana kwa utoto wa malaya awo:
- Asia musang - Mwini chovala chovala chakuda ndi mikwingwirima yakuda mthupi lonse. Kokha pafupi ndi pamimba, mikwingwirima yoteroyo imanyezimira ndipo pang'onopang'ono imasanduka timadontho;
- Sri lankan musang - mitundu yosawerengeka yokhala ndi malaya kuyambira utoto wakuda mpaka kufiira kofiirira komanso kuchokera ku golide wowala mpaka golide wofiyira. Palinso anthu omwe ali ndi utoto wowoneka bwino wofiirira;
- South Indian musang - imasiyanitsidwa ndi utoto wolimba wofiirira, wokhala ndi mdima wa chovala kuzungulira khosi, mutu, mchira ndi zikhomo. Nthawi zina imvi imakhalapo pa malayawo. Mtundu wa nyama yotere ndiwosiyanasiyana, kuyambira beige yofiirira kapena bulauni wonyezimira mpaka utoto wakuda. Mchira wakuda nthawi zina umakhala wachikasu wowongoka kapena choyera choyera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Musangs amadziwika ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri pakati pa mamembala a Viverrids, kuphatikiza P.h. hermaphroditus, P.h. mgwirizano, P.h. canus, P.h. dongfangensis, P.h. kutuluka, P.h. kangeanus, P.h. lignicolor, P.h. wamng'ono, P.h. Otsutsa, P.h. pallasii, P.h. parvus, P.h. pugnax, P.h. pulcher, P.h. scindiae, P.h. setosus, P.h. simplex ndi P.h. vellerosus.
Oimira a Brown ali ndi mitundu yofananira, yomwe imakhala ndi utoto wofiirira, ndipo mu golide musang, mtundu wagolide wagolide wokhala ndi nsonga zazitsitsi zaposachedwa.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Ma marten kanjedza aku Malayan kapena ma civets aku Malawi akufalikira ku South ndi Southeast Asia. Mtundu wa Musang ukuyimiridwa ndi India, kumwera kwa China, Sri Lanka, Chilumba cha Hainan ndi Philippines chakumwera, komanso Borneo, Sumatra, Java ndi zilumba zina zambiri. Malo achilengedwe a nyama zolusa ndizam'madera otentha.
South Indian musang kapena mchira wachilendo wachilendo amakhala m'malo otentha ndi nkhalango zotentha, zomwe zili pamtunda wa mamita 500-1300 pamwamba pa nyanja. Nyama zotere nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pafupi ndi minda ya tiyi komanso komwe kumakhala anthu. Ma musangs aku Sri Lank amakonda malo okhala chinyezi kwambiri, kuphatikiza mapiri obiriwira nthawi zonse, madera otentha komanso amvula, omwe amakhala makamaka korona wamitengo yayikulu kwambiri.
Zakudya za Musang
Gawo lalikulu, lalikulu pachakudya cha musangs waku Sri Lankan limaimiridwa ndi zipatso zamtundu uliwonse... Nyama zodya nyama zimadya zipatso zambiri za mango, khofi, mananazi, mavwende ndi nthochi mosangalala kwambiri. Nthawi zina, ma palm martens amadyanso nyama zazing'ono zingapo, kuphatikiza mbalame ndi njoka, zosakulirapo kwambiri, komanso abuluzi ndi achule, mileme ndi nyongolotsi. Zakudya za musangs wamkulu zimaphatikizaponso tizilombo tosiyanasiyana komanso kamtengo kanjedza kamtedza kotchedwa toddy, ndichifukwa chake anthu am'deralo nthawi zambiri amatcha nyama izi amphaka amphaka. Nthawi zina nyama zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu zimaba nkhuku zamitundu yonse.
Omwe ali mgulu la omnivores, ma mussang amadya zakudya zamitundu mitundu, koma adadziwika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito njere m'minda ya khofi. Njere zosagayidwa zimathandizira kupeza khofi wa Kopi Luwak wokwera mtengo kwambiri komanso wokoma. Kudya zipatso za khofi, nyama zimawasungitsa pafupifupi osadya, zoyera. Komabe, mothandizidwa ndi michere yachilengedwe, njira zina zimachitika m'matumbo a musang, omwe amasintha kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a nyemba za khofi.
Kubereka ndi ana
Musangs amatha msinkhu ali ndi zaka pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Musanga wamkazi wokhwima pogonana amayandikira yaimuna pokhapokha nthawi yokwatirana. Pakatha miyezi ingapo, si ana ambiri amabadwa mumphako wokonzedweratu ndikukonzekera. Monga lamulo, ana amabadwa kuyambira koyambirira kwa Okutobala mpaka pakati pa Disembala. Akazi a musang a Sri Lankan amatha kukhala ndi ana awiri mchaka.
Nthawi zambiri, mu litter imodzi ya musang, kuyambira ana awiri mpaka asanu akhungu komanso opanda chitetezo chilichonse amabadwa, omwe amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 70-80. Pa tsiku la khumi ndi chimodzi, maso a makanda amatseguka, koma mkaka wachikazi umadyetsedwa mpaka miyezi iwiri.
Mkazi amateteza ndikudyetsa ana ake mpaka atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi, pambuyo pake nyama zomwe zakula ndikulimbikitsidwa zimakhala zodziyimira pawokha.
Adani achilengedwe
Anthu mwachizolowezi amasaka Sri Lankan musang chifukwa cha khungu lokoma komanso nyama yokoma, yopatsa thanzi, komanso yokoma... Komanso, pankhani ya mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse, mafuta amkati amachiritso a musangs aku Asia, ophatikizidwa ndimafuta amafuta osungunuka bwino, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! M'zaka zaposachedwa, kutchuka kwa ma musangs monga ziweto zawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimagwidwa mwachilengedwe ndipo zimawongoleredwa mwachangu, kukhala achikondi komanso abwino, monga amphaka wamba.
Zolemba zoterezi ndizakale kwambiri, ndipo malinga ndi asing'anga ambiri, mankhwala othandiza kwambiri a mphere. Kuphatikiza apo, civet, yotengedwa musangs, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito osati mankhwala okha, komanso msika wamafuta onunkhira. Nyamazo nthawi zambiri zimawonongedwa ngati nyama zomwe zimawononga minda ya khofi ndi chinanazi, komanso mayadi a nkhuku.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Kukula kwa anthu onse ku musang Sri Lanka kukuchepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwa manambala ndikusaka nyama zolusa komanso kudula mitengo mwachisawawa. Chiwerengero cha anthu amtunduwu, omwe amakhala pachilumba cha Ceylon, chikuchepa pang'onopang'ono, kotero zaka zopitilira khumi zapitazo, pulogalamu yapadera yolinganiza kusungitsa ndi kusunga Musangs idayamba kuyambitsidwa m'malo amenewa. Ma musangs aku South Indian ndiomwe amagawa mbewu zodzala kumadera otentha a Western Ghats.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Mphaka wa Pallas
- Panda wofiira kapena wocheperako
- Nungu
- Martens
Nyama yodya zinyama sizimawononga mbewu za zipatso zomwe zidadyedwa, chifukwa chake zimathandizira kufalikira kwawo mopitilira kukula kwa mbeu za makolo, koma anthu onse akuwopsezedwa kwambiri ndi chiwonongeko cha malo achilengedwe m'malo amigodi. Pakadali pano, ma musangs aphatikizidwa mu Zowonjezera III za CITES ku India, ndi P.h. lignicolor yalembedwa pamasamba a International Red Book ngati ma subspecies omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
