Osati katswiri aliyense wamatsenga waku Russia, yemwe amva mawu oti "hovawart", amamvetsetsa kuti ili si dzina la galu, koma dzina la mtunduwo. Pakadali pano, ku Europe, agalu awa ali mu TOP-7 yamtundu wothandizira ndipo amakonda kwambiri kwawo, ku Germany.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa ma hovawarts ("hova" - yard / "wart" - mlonda) kudayamba ku Middle Ages, pomwe alonda osaposa awa adateteza minda ya anthu wamba komanso madera akuba kwa akuba. Panthawiyo, panali lamulo lomwe limapereka chindapusa cha 10 guilders kwa aliyense amene wapha kapena wakuba Hovawart.... Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, mafakitale ku Germany adakwera, zomwe zidakhudza mitundu yambiri ya agalu, kuphatikiza Hovawart. Mtunduwo udayenera kubwezeretsedwanso pang'onopang'ono - mpaka 1914, kuyambira 1915 mpaka 1945 ndikuyamba kuyambira 1949.
Abambo oyambitsa amtunduwu amadziwika kuti ndi Kurt Koenig, yemwe adapanga kennel woyamba wa Hovawart mu 1922. Mbiri yawo yamakono idayamba pa Epulo 3, pomwe ana agalu anayi (Helma, Hunolf, Herma, Hummel) adabadwa kuchokera kwa mwamuna wamwamuna wokwatiwa dzina lake Baron ndi wamkazi Ortrud Hudson. Mu Januwale 1924, Hovawart Breeding Union idakhazikitsidwa, yomwe mamembala ake amafuna kuti akhale olimba mtima, atcheru, okonzeka kumenya nkhondo, koma osati galu wankhanza, wosinthidwa kuti agwire njirayo. Kulimbikitsidwa (mpaka 1932) kudapangidwa osati kwenikweni kunja koma ndi magwiridwe antchito amtunduwu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Woyambitsa wamkulu wa ma Hovawarts amakono amatchedwa wopanga odziwika dzina lake Castor Meyer, yemwe amakhala ku nazale ya K. Koenig nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse isanachitike.
Anazi omwe adayamba kulamulira adalengeza kuti a Hovawart ndi "galu wothandizira achifumu", ndikusankha Kurt Koenig ngati Nduna ya Reich pakuweta, kukonza ndi kuphunzitsa mitundu ya ntchito. M'malo mwake, kusankha kwa Hovawart kunachepetsedwa, ndipo pofika 1945 oimira mtunduwo sanathe kuwerengedwa ndi dzanja limodzi. Hovawart adapulumuka chifukwa cha omwe adayamba kuchita nawo mgwirizano.
Mu 1959, mtunduwo udadziwika ku Germany, ndipo patatha zaka zisanu ndikuyika FCI - kale padziko lonse lapansi. International Hovawart Federation (IHF) idawonekera pambuyo pake, mu 1983 kokha. Tsopano IHF ikuphatikiza mayiko 13 - Germany, Denmark, Austria, Finland, Sweden, Norway, England, Holland, France, Belgium, Slovakia, Czech Republic ndi USA.
International Federation imapanga zolinga zake motere:
- kuteteza thanzi la Hovawart;
- maphunziro a kukhazikika kwamaganizidwe;
- mkulu wa socialization;
- mapangidwe machitidwe abwino kwambiri, obadwa nawo;
- kusintha kwa mtundu wakunja.
Hovawart (malinga ndi lingaliro la IHF) adasiya kukhala mlonda yekha, koma adakulitsa ntchito zake, kukhala bwenzi, wokhoza kuthandizira zovuta (kuteteza ku ziwopsezo kapena kupulumutsa pamadzi / m'mapiri). Pakukwaniritsa zolingazi, IHF sikuti imangokhazikitsa mfundo zoyamwitsa ndi kuweta agalu, komanso ku Germany oyang'anira mozama ntchito zoweta ku Europe / USA konse.
Mafotokozedwe apaulendo
Ndi galu wamphamvu koma wosalemera, wopangidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito konsekonse ndipo amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwakanthawi, kwakuthupi ndi kwamaganizidwe. Kukula kwa amuna kumachokera ku 0.63 mpaka 0.7 m ndikulemera kwa 40-45 kg, kukula kwa bitches ndi 0.58-0.65 m wokhala ndi pafupifupi 35-40 kg.
Miyezo ya ziweto
Mutu wofotokozera, pomwe mphuno ndi yofanana kutalika ndi chigaza, imayikidwa pakhosi louma, lolimba (lopanda mame). Mlatho wowongoka wamphongo ndi makona atatu (okwera kapena apakatikati) okhala ndi makutu, okutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi / lalitali, amawonekera. Maso ake ndi owunda, nthawi zambiri amakhala amdima. Maonekedwe ake ndi odekha. Kulumwa kowongoka kumaloledwa kwa mano, koma kuluma ndi lumo ndi kotheka. Thupi, lalitali pang'ono kuposa kutalika kwa kufota, ndilolimbitsa.
Chifuwacho ndi chakuya, croup ndi yaifupi ndipo kumbuyo kuli kowongoka. Miyendo yakutsogolo imasiyanitsidwa ndi minofu yowuma bwino, miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yosinthasintha koma yolimba. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yovundikira, yakumbuyo imalowanso chowulungika kapena kalulu. Anatola mu mpira.
Zofunika! Mchira wothimbirira kwambiri umapachikidwa pansi pa hock (sukhudza nthaka) galuyo akaimirira, ndipo amakwezedwa pamwamba (wopindika pang'ono) akamathamanga. Kusunthaku kumagwirizana bwino, koma nthawi yomweyo kusesa komanso kwaulere. Pali kupepuka komwe sikusintha kukhala kosasunthika.
Chovalacho ndi chachitali, tsitsi lalifupi limangophimba mutu ndi miyendo yakutsogolo (pang'ono). Muyesowo udalola mitundu itatu - yakuda (10%), yakuda ndi khungu (agalu 60%) ndi fawn (30%).
Khalidwe la galu
Maonekedwe ofewa a Hovawart ndi achinyengo kwambiri. Galu amafanana ndi wobwezeretsa ndalama, ndichifukwa chake sazindikira kuti ndiwopseza. Koma pachabe. Zowopsa zakunja zimalimbikitsa a Hovawart, ndipo ndiwokonzeka kuyankha kwa onse omwe akufuna. Nthawi zina ndi galu wanzeru wodekha, woyenda kwambiri komanso wotsimikiza. Chikondi chachibadwidwe cha mwini wake chimakwaniritsidwa ndi chifuniro champhamvu komanso chidziwitso chodzitchinjiriza (popanda zisonyezo zosagwirizana).
Hovawart ndi wokhulupirika kwa abale ake, osakhulupirira alendo ndipo amayesa kulamulira agalu ena onse. Chimodzi mwazikhalidwe zachilengedwe za mtunduwu ndikuchepetsa nkhawa. Minyewa yamphamvu, yochulukitsidwa ndi kudzichepetsa, imalola kuti Hovawart igwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zingapo. Agalu amayang'anira malo ozungulira, amakhala atsogoleri akhungu, amapulumutsa omwe akusowa m'mapiri komanso pamavuto am'madzi. Agalu (chifukwa cha kununkhiza kwawo kwamphamvu) nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kukafunafuna mankhwala osokoneza bongo / zophulika ndikugwira ntchito panjira. Asanadziwe mtundu wa ntchito kwa galu wina, amakonzedwa kukayezetsa akatswiri.
Utali wamoyo
Chifukwa chokhazikika pa IHF, ndikukana mwamphamvu opanga opanga, Hovawarts amakhala zaka zazitali, pafupifupi zaka 14-16.
Kusamalira Hovawart kunyumba
Ngati mwatopetsa chiweto chanu mukamayenda (chimafunikira pafupifupi maola 1.5-2 patsiku), kupezeka kwake mnyumba yamzindawu sikudzawoneka. Zowetedwa bwino (ndikuyenda!) Agalu samatafuna nsapato, mapepala ndi mipando. Hovawart yemwe amawona wothamanga, skier, kapena woyendetsa njinga ndiye chidwi kwambiri pokhala tcheru.... Amasamalira agalu achilendo osalowerera ndale, osawalola kuti azilamulira komanso kuwamenya omenyera nkhondo. Mbali yabwino kwambiri ya Hovawart ndi kukonda banja lake, komwe amalandira chikondi ndi chisangalalo chonse.
Kusamalira ndi ukhondo
Ngakhale adavala chovala chachitali, kusamalira galu ndikosavuta: tsitsilo silimangika ndipo Hovawarta amapikika kamodzi pamlungu. Hovawart amatulutsa ngati agalu onse, koma vuto lakugwa tsitsi limathetsedwa ndi kupesa kofanana.
Zofunika! M'nyengo yozizira, kuti chiweto sichikakamira pachipale chofewa poyenda, tsitsi limadulidwa pakati pa zikhomo zake. Kumeta tsitsi nthawi zambiri sikofunikira.
Kapangidwe kakeka kamathandiza kuti galu asanyowe kwambiri. Pambuyo pa masewera olimbitsa thupi mvula ndi matalala, Hovawart iyenera kugwedezeka. Koma amafunikabe kupukuta kapena kutsuka m'manja. Mwa njira, nthumwi za mtunduwo zimakonda madzi ndi chilichonse chomwe chimalumikizidwa nawo: njira zosambira (zosowa), kupita kumtsinje / kunyanja ndi masewera oyipa omwe amawaza.
Zakudya za a Howawart
Ndikofunika kudyetsa chiweto chanu malinga ndi dongosolo la BARF. Obereketsa odalirika amasanja mindandanda yawo pamatumba osadetsedwa, ndipo nthawi zina amawonjezera nyama ndi ziwalo zina.
Pokhapokha ngati nyama yosaphika isavomerezane ndi pomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kusamutsa Hovawart kuti azidya zakudya zopangidwa mokwanira. Orijen ndi Acana (2 ma brand ochokera ku kampani ina yaku Canada) amakhala pamipando yayikulu pamiyeso ya chakudya cha agalu. Zosankha zosasankhidwa ndi zosazizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa, tirigu sagwiritsidwa ntchito pamizere yonse, koma kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni azinyama ndiokwera (mpaka 70%).
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Kodi agalu angaume chakudya
- Chakudya cha agalu a Pedigri
- Msonkhano wa chakudya cha galu
Ngati Hovawart wanu ali ndi chimbudzi choyenera, idyetsani zakudya zachilengedwe monga:
- ziweto, makamaka zosafotokozedwera komanso chiwindi (chosowa);
- nyama yowonda (ng'ombe);
- fillet nsomba zam'madzi (nthawi zina);
- dzira, kanyumba tchizi ndi kefir;
- masamba obiriwira komanso osaphika (ngati mbale yam'mbali);
- phala (musatengeke!);
- tchizi (monga masewera olimbitsa thupi)
Monga agalu ambiri olemera, Hovawart imakonda kugwera m'mimba volvulus, yomwe imatha kupewedwa m'njira ziwiri. Choyamba, galu samadyetsedwa asanafike / atalimbikira kwambiri, ndipo chachiwiri, amayika mbaleyo poyimilira pachifuwa. Chipangizochi chimapangitsa kuti chakudya chikhale chosavuta komanso chimalepheretsa kuphulika.
Matenda ndi zofooka za mtundu
Hovawart akuyenera kuthokoza obereketsa okhwima aku Germany chifukwa chathanzi lawo, amangogwira ntchito ndi agalu ovomerezeka.... Kuswana kumapatula nyama zomwe makolo awo ali ndi zovuta zobadwa nazo, kuphatikiza zamaganizidwe.
Zilonda zamphongo ndi zamphongo zimaloledwa kukwatirana pambuyo pofufuza bwinobwino za ziweto, zomwe zimaphatikizapo:
- Kufufuzidwa ndi katswiri wazachipatala (ndi kupereka lingaliro);
- Chongani dongosolo mtima ndi cardiologist;
- kukaonana ndi endocrinologist kukawona chithokomiro;
- kusanthula magazi kwathunthu;
- chithunzi cha dysplasia ya malo amchiuno.
Zofunika! Kuyesedwa koyenera kwamalumikizidwe amitundu yonse ya agalu kunayambitsidwa pakuweta ndendende pothandizidwa ndi obereketsa Hovawart. Ku West Germany izi zidayamba mu 1965, ku East - mu 1968.
Tsopano Hovawarts amaloledwa kuswana ndi digiri ya kubereketsa osachepera kotala. Nyama zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizoswana zimatha kukhala ndi zochepa zokha: pang'ono - mpaka sikisi (osapitilira awiri), amuna - asanu. Izi sizikukula, koma zimateteza ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa a Hovawart. Tithokoze chifukwa chodzitamandira ku Germany, kuchuluka kwa matenda obadwa nawo mwanjira imeneyi ndi otsika kwambiri.
Maphunziro ndi maphunziro
Munthu wodziwa zambiri amatha kulumikizana ndi Hovawart, yemwe nthawi zonse amayesetsa kukondweretsa mwiniwake. Makalasi amamangidwa mosasintha komanso pamaluso, ndikuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono pakuvuta kwawo. Musayembekezere kuti malamulo agalu achokera ndipo kumbukirani kuti Hovawart salola kukakamizidwa komanso mwamwano, makamaka omwe amasandulika kukakamizidwa.
Ophunzitsa omwe amaphunzitsa mitundu yolemetsa (mwachitsanzo, Rottweiler) kuti atetezedwe, zindikirani mawonekedwe opindulitsa a Hovawart: ndiyabwino, imachira mwachangu pambuyo poyeserera, ndiyotheka kuyendetsa komanso mwachangu. Hovawart imaposa mtundu uliwonse waukulu pakakhala kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri kukhothi.
Hovawarts akuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino osati muutumiki wokha, komanso pakuphunzitsa masewera, akhale othamanga kapena schutzhund. Kuchokera pakuweta kwa aku Germany, kukula kwa Hovawart kwakuthupi ndi kwamaganizidwe kumakula zaka zitatu. Izi zikuyenera kuganiziridwa poyambitsa maphunziro ndi maphunziro ake. Hovawart wowona alibe manjenje komanso wamisala, amatembenukira kumutu kukhothi, nthawi zonse amawunika momwe zinthu ziliri ndipo amakhala wokonzeka nthawi iliyonse kuti abwezeretse mwadzidzidzi.
Gulani galu wa Hovawart
IHF ikupitilizabe kunena kuti Hovawart si gulu lazamalonda lomwe limalengezedwa ndikulimbikitsa phindu. Ana agalu saloledwa kugulitsidwa kwa nzika zamayiko omwe sanaphatikizidwe mu IHF.
Ndizosangalatsa! Woyimira woyamba mtunduwo wotchedwa Ashley Palazove Pieknoszi adapezeka ku Russia kokha mu 2004. Ndipo patadutsa zaka ziwiri, kuyambira kukwatira mwana wamwamuna Ashley ndi hule loitanitsidwa kunja PP Zilki (Hungary), Hovawarts woyamba kubadwa anabadwira ku nyumba ya Hof Harz.
Kwa zaka 11 ku "Hof Harz" pafupifupi 30 litters (mibadwo 4 ya agalu) adaona kuwalako - okwana 155 a Hovawarts amitundu itatu yodziwika. Kennel idatsekedwa mu Januware 2017, koma tsopano a Hovawarts enieni amaperekedwa ndi nyumba zingapo ku Moscow, Omsk, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg ndi Zaporozhye (Ukraine).
Zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana
Ndibwino kuti muphunzire mulingo wamagulu musanagule. Mwachitsanzo, ku Germany, iwo omwe akufuna kukhala ndi Hovawart amafunsira ku kalabu ya mtunduwu ndikudikirira (nthawi zina mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi!) Kuti apange chisankho cha oyang'anira kilabu. Umu ndi momwe ana agalu amafikira kwa anthu omwe amatha kupereka chisamaliro choyenera ndi maphunziro.
Mu nazale, muyenera kupereka madigiri ndi madiploma ogwira ntchito a opanga... Musakhulupirire otetezera omwe akulonjezani kuti abweretsa katundu kuchokera kudziko lina, koma pitani mukamutenge mwanayo. Kupanda kutero, mutha kugula nyama yokhala ndi zolakwika (kunja ndi thanzi). Agalu samatengedwa pasanathe milungu isanu ndi itatu. Pamsinkhu uwu, galu amalemera osachepera 7 kg, hule - 6 kg (izi zimayang'aniridwa ndi woweta).
Mtengo wagalu wa Hovawart
Agaluwa siotsika mtengo chifukwa chazokha komanso magwiridwe antchito. Mtengo wa ana agalu umayamba kuchokera ku ruble 30,000 (ku nazale za Russian Federation). Aliyense amene atenga Hovawart akuyenera kuyimira kuchuluka kwa ndalama zake - kutenga nawo mbali pazowonetsa, kupita kukawona veterinarian, chakudya chathunthu / kukonza ndi kulipira kwa aphunzitsi. Ngati ndalama zanu ndizochepa, ndibwino kukana kugula.
Ndemanga za eni
Omwe ali ndi mwayi wokwanira kukhala a Hovawart avomereza kuti palibe wofanana naye... Osangokhala za mawonekedwe ake okongola, koma za mawonekedwe ake okongola. Galu ndi wokoma mtima kwa alendo komanso agalu, sadzadumphira koyamba, koma nthawi zonse amayankha mwamwano.
Zofunika!Hovawart achita ndewu ndi aliyense amene angayese kukhumudwitsa mbuye wake: apereke chilango choyenera kwa Rottweiler kapena kumuteteza kwa wozunza.
Iyi ndi galu wamkulu, koma osati wamkulu wokhala ndi chovala chofewa modabwitsa, chomwe sichimakola komanso pafupifupi sichipereka galu. Ma Hovawarts amakhala pabwalo (kunja kwa mzindawo) komanso m'nyumba yanyumba, yofunikira maola 1.5 tsiku lililonse kuyenda ndi masewera kumapeto kwa sabata (maola 4-5). Amadziwa kukhala osawoneka kunyumba, koma amasandulika, kuphatikiza zochitika zilizonse - mpikisano, maphunziro autumiki kapena masewera akunja.
