Helminthiases (lat. Helminthosis) ndi matenda ambiri opatsirana chifukwa cha helminths. Nyongolotsi za parasitic kapena helminths zitha kuyimilidwa ndi tapeworms, kapena cestode, flukes, kapena trematode kuchokera pagulu la flatworm, komanso roundworms, kapena nematode.
Chifukwa chiyani helminthiasis ndi yowopsa
Eni ake agalu ambiri molakwitsa samanena kuti chipatala chilichonse chimabwera chifukwa cha matenda omwe amafunikira chithandizo, omwe ndi malingaliro olakwika, chifukwa matenda ena amakono komanso owopsa amayamba chifukwa cha helminths. Parasitic nyongolotsi amene ali m'matumbo tifulumizane chitukuko cha kukha magazi ndi edema, kuoneka ululu waukulu pamimba ndi kusanza.
Mavuto omwe amakhudzana ndi kukula kwa helminthiasis mu galu ndi awa:
- kulowetsedwa ndi helminths ena mwa michere yomwe imalowa mthupi la munthu kapena nyama ndi chakudya;
- wamba, nthawi zina kuwonongeka kwakukulu komanso kofulumira kwa thupi lanyama;
- kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabakiteriya atsopano m'ziwalo zamkati mwa nyama ndi "kuyambitsa" kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe tili m'thupi ngakhale kuwonetseredwa kwa helminthic;
- kukula kwa matenda ena opatsirana, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kufooka kwa chitetezo cha galu;
- poyizoni wa ziwalo za nyama kapena ziphuphu ndi zinyalala zakupha za helminths;
- chitukuko cha thupi lawo siligwirizana;
- kufooka kwakukulu ndikuletsa chitukuko;
- kukula kwa jaundice mchikakamizo cha helminths zomwe zimakhala mu biliary system ya nyama.
Matenda owopsa kwambiri amawononga kuwonongeka kwa helminths m'ziwalo zina zamkati, kuphatikiza chiwindi ndi mapapo, komanso minofu yaubongo... Zotsatira za helminthiasis zitha kukhala zoyipa kwambiri, zoyimiriridwa ndi kutaya mphamvu ndi kutaya masomphenya, kutsamwa koopsa kapena khunyu, komanso kutsekula m'mimba kapena kufa.
Zofunika! Ana agalu, komanso nyama zomwe zili ndi chitetezo chofooka komanso agalu achikulire omwe ali ndi zovuta zamatenda osiyanasiyana m'thupi lawo, amatenga nawo mbali kwambiri pazizindikiro za helminthiasis.
Ma helminths ambiri, opunduka mthupi la ziweto zamiyendo inayi, amatha kupatsira mwiniwake mosavuta komanso mwachangu.
Zifukwa za helminthiasis
Poyamba, m'pofunika kudziwa msinkhu woyenera wa chiweto. Agalu a mitundu ing'onoing'ono amakhala agalu mpaka atakwanitsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo yayikulu - mpaka chaka. Ndicho gawo lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala lofunika, chifukwa ma helminth aliwonse amakhudza thanzi komanso galu wazaka zisanu komanso mwana wagalu wa miyezi itatu mosiyana.
Kuphatikiza apo, achikulire kwambiri amatha kulekerera chithandizo kapena zomwe zimatchedwa kuti nyongolotsi modekha, ndipo mwa ziweto zazing'ono kwambiri, njirayi nthawi zina imatha momvetsa chisoni, mpaka kufa.
Pachifukwa ichi, munthu ayenera kukumbukira za kuopsa kwa majeremusi amkati, komanso kuzindikira kupezeka kwawo m'thupi la galu moyenera, moyenera momwe angathetsere helminthiasis.
Zofunika! Njira zazikuluzikulu zofalitsira galu zimaimiridwa ndi onyamula amoyo a matendawa mwa njira yolumikizirana ndi nyama zodwala, nkhupakupa kapena utitiri, komanso kuyendera ziweto kumalo komwe kuli chiopsezo chachikulu chokhudzana ndi zinthu zochulukidwa ndi ma helminths kapena mazira awo.
Monga umboni wa kafukufuku wambiri, nthawi ndi nthawi yokhayokha pochotsa nyongolotsi ya ziweto ndi yomwe ingakhale chinsinsi chokhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso kukula kwathunthu kwa galu, ngakhale atakhala ndi mtundu wotani kapena zaka zake.
Mitundu ya mphutsi
M'thupi la galu, mitundu ingapo yayikulu ya ma helminths nthawi zambiri imasiyidwa, yoyimiriridwa ndi nyongolotsi (nematodes), komanso ma flukes (trematode) ndi tapeworms (cestode).
Mphutsi zozungulira
- Tohosara sanis - mbozi zokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi mkati mwa 150 mm, zoyera ndi utoto wolimba. Nyongolotsi zamoyo zomwe zimapezeka m'zimbudzi zimakulungidwa mozungulira kapena kasupe wolimba, wofanana ndi ulusi. Matendawa amatha kupezeka mu utero, ndi mkaka wa m'mawere, kapena pokhudzana ndi malo owonongeka. Mazirawo amakhalabe otanganidwa ndi ntchito yawo chaka chonse;
- Tohassaris dzina loyamba - nyongolotsi zomwe zimakhala m'matumbo, koma mawonekedwe a mphutsi amapezeka m'mimba kokha, pambuyo pake samasunthika, chifukwa cha izi zimatha kupweteketsa chiweto;
- Ancylostoma caninum - ma nematode ang'onoang'ono, achikasu, omwe kutalika kwake sikupitilira 20 mm, ndipo kumapeto kwa mutu kumakhala kozungulira. Zida zam'kamwa za nyongolotsi ndizochulukirapo poyerekeza ndi kukula kwake, komwe kumayimiriridwa ndi mizere ingapo yamano owoneka ngati mbedza;
- Uncinaria stеnoserhalа - tiziromboti ndi ang'onoang'ono, omwe kutalika kwake sikupitirira 20 mm. Mitunduyi ndi yachonde kwambiri komanso yosusuka, komanso imapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse. Zida zam'kamwa zimayimiridwa ndi mbale ziwiri zakuthwa, zowopsa m'matumbo a chiweto chamiyendo inayi;
- Dirofilaria - ma nematode oyera ngati mawonekedwe, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake kumapeto kwenikweni. Mkazi wa nyongolotsi amadziwika ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu, komwe kumafikira kutalika kwa 150 mm. Gawo la mphutsi ndi laling'ono, lokhala ndi malire ozungulira. Nyamayo imatenga kachilomboka kudzera mwa kulumidwa ndi udzudzu.
Lathyathyathya helminths
- Dirilidium caninum - nthumwi lililonse la mateworms, thupi amene akuimira zigawo osiyana. Mkati mwa nyama yayikulu, kutalika kwa nyongolotsi yotere kumatha kukhala masentimita 150. Magawo okhwima omwe akutuluka ndi ndowe amafota msanga, pambuyo pake amaphulika, ndipo mazira amalowa m'mimba mwa galu ndi tizilombo toyamwa magazi;
- Eshinosossus Ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kamawonongeka, ndipo kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu sikungathe kupitirira 5.0 mm. Chomwe chimakhala chodula pakamwa ndi kupezeka kwa ngowe zingapo zakuthwa kwambiri zomwe zimawononga kwambiri matumbo a galu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimapha ana osati ana okha ayi, komanso ana achichepere kwambiri;
- Dirhyllobothrium latum - kachilombo kakang'ono kakang'ono, kameneka kamatha kufika mamita khumi, kamene kali ndi "zigawo" zazikulu mazana angapo. Matenda a galu amapezeka pakudya nsomba yosaphika, yaiwisi;
- Оristhorсhida - tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, omwe amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa ma suckers amtundu wamlomo ndi wa peritoneal. Kutanthauzira kwakukulu kwa nyongolotsi ya parasitic kumadziwika mkati mwa ndulu ndi mitsempha ya ndulu ya galu, komanso minofu ya chiwindi kapena kapamba.
Ziweto zomwe zimadwala matenda ophulika oopsa, omwe samangosokoneza magwiridwe antchito am'kati munthawi yochepa, komanso kuwononga ziwalo zawo zathanzi, zimakhudzidwa makamaka.
Zizindikiro za helminthiasis
Chizindikiro cha helminthiasis chimadalira mtundu wa mphutsi zomwe zimagunda nyama:
- mbozi zozungulira Tohosara sanis galu, amayamba kupuma kwambiri, komwe kumayimiriridwa ndi chifuwa komanso kupuma movutikira. Kuchokera m'mapapu, mphutsi zina, kudzera m'magazi, zimalowa ziwalo zamkati, momwe sizimayendetsedwa. Gawo lina la tizilomboto timatsokomola, kenako timamezedwa ndi nyama ndipo timathera m'matumbo, momwe achikulire amakula ndikuberekana;
- nyongolotsi Ancylostoma canninum kukumba m'makoma am'matumbo, momwe amadyera zidutswa za mamina ndi magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi komanso kupuma, komanso njira zotupa. Nyamayo imatenga kachilombo kudzera pakhungu, ndipo gawo loyambira la nyongolotsi limasunthira kumatumba a bronchi ndi mapapo, pambuyo pake amakosedwa ndikulowa m'matumbo mosavuta. Ndi mphutsi m'mapapu, galu ali ndi mavuto owoneka bwino opuma, kuphatikizapo kupuma movutikira, kupuma, ndi kutsokomola kwakukulu;
- matenda Uncinaria stеnoserhalа Amayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi komanso m'mimba, kuphatikizapo kutsegula m'mimba mosalekeza. Akuluakulu komanso amoyo wamtundu wamtunduwu samakonda kutulutsidwa limodzi ndi ndowe. Nthawi zina majeremusi otere amatha kulowa pakhungu, ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale kumva kuyabwa ndi urticaria, koma ngati izi zimamwalira mwachangu mu kutentha kovuta kwambiri;
- nyongolotsi Dirofilaria Zimayambitsa kukula kwa mitundu yonse yamatenda amtima, zomwe zimatha kuimiridwa ndi tachycardia, kufooka mwachangu kwambiri, kulephera kwa mtima ndi kutsokomola. Gawo la mphutsi, loyenda ndimwazi wamagazi, limatha kusintha pafupifupi ziwalo zilizonse, ndipo kutengera kwawo pamtima nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa imfa;
- kugonjetsedwa Dirilidium caninum Pamodzi ndi zizindikilo zoopsa, zoyimiriridwa ndi kutukusira kwa m'mimba, kuledzera ndi kutsegula m'mimba, komanso kusowa kwa njala komanso kusanza koopsa pafupipafupi. Monga momwe kuwonetseratu ziweto kumawonongera, kuwonongeka kwa matumbo kumayambitsa kutsekeka kwake;
- Dirhyllobothrium latum imavulaza matumbo, pomwe imatulutsa zinthu zomwe zimakhala zowopsa kwambiri kwa nyama, komanso kusowa kwa mankhwala oyenera komanso munthawi yake chimakhala chifukwa chachikulu chowonjezera kufooka ndi kuchepa kwa magazi, matenda osiyanasiyana am'mimba kapena m'mimba.
Poyamba kukayikira kupezeka kwa nyongolotsi zamtundu uliwonse m'galu, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muchite zinthu zingapo zodziwitsa matenda zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wosankha mtundu woyenera wa chithandizo cha chiweto chanu.
Diagnostics ndi chithandizo
Chithandizo cha kuukira kwa helminthic chidzafuna njira yayikulu kwambiri komanso yoyenerera posankha mtundu wa mankhwala. Mapiritsi a nyongolotsi amapatsidwa ndi veterinarian pokhapokha atakhazikitsa matenda ndikutsimikizira kutengera lipoti la labotale kapena kafukufuku wa ndowe za nyama pamaso pa mazira a mphutsi. Ngati pali matenda opatsirana kwambiri kapena nyongolotsi zochulukirapo, nyongolotsi zimatha kutuluka zokha, koma munthu wamba sangathe kutero molondola, pokhapokha ndi zizindikilo zakunja, kuti adziwe mtundu wa helminths.
Mankhwala onse a anthelmintic ali ndi magwiridwe antchito mosiyanasiyana pazowononga, kuphatikiza kutsekeka kwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi kapena kufooka kwamphamvu kwa minyewa yaminyewa yaminyewa:
- mawonekedwe apiritsi "Milbemax"- amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa mano a galu asanatenge katemera wapachaka. Chithandizo chimaperekedwa kwa chiweto m'mawa wopanda kanthu m'mimba. Kuchotsa nyongolotsi mobwerezabwereza kumachitika mosamalitsa mogwirizana ndi malangizo omwe ayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi mankhwalawa, ndipo amachitika masiku asanu ndi awiri mpaka milungu ingapo. Maziko a mankhwalawa amaimiridwa ndi mankhwala omwe amatha kukhudza ma nematode okhwima ogonana, komanso malo amphutsi, chifukwa chomwe wothandizirayo amatha kudziwika ngati wapadziko lonse lapansi;
- kuyimitsidwa kapena mawonekedwe apiritsiWopondereza"- cholinga chothana ndi chiweto chamiyendo inayi kuchokera ku nematode. Maziko a mankhwalawo amaimiridwa ndi pyrantel yachikhalidwe, yomwe imangowononga mawonekedwe akulu okha a mphutsi zam'mimba. Mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa ma helminths ndi kubadwa kwa ana omwe amalimbana kwambiri ndi mankhwalawa.
Pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo chakumwa kwa nyongolotsi zamankhwala ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa nyongolotsi, tikulimbikitsidwa kupereka mankhwala osiyanasiyana kwa galu, komanso kupereka chidwi chokwanira panjira zodzitetezera.
Zofunika! Kumbukirani kuti kukonzekera kwamakono komanso kwanthawi yayitali komwe kumangokhala mtundu wina wa helminth nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa kuchita bwino kwambiri kuposa mankhwala apadziko lonse lapansi opangira njoka ya galu.
Kupewa mphutsi mwa galu
N'zosatheka kupereka chiweto chamiyendo inayi kutetezedwa ku matenda ndi mphutsi... Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mitundu yakunyumba yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma tray apanyumba kukonza zosowa zawo zachilengedwe imatha kutenga kachilombo chifukwa cha nsapato zakunja.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kupewa koyenera komanso kwadongosolo kumakhalabe kofunikira posamalira thanzi la galu:
- masabata angapo asanafike tsiku lokonzekera kukwerana, nyamayo imapatsidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo operekedwa ndi veterinarian;
- woyamba deworm wa mwana wagalu ayenera kuchitika pafupifupi milungu iwiri kapena mwezi umodzi;
- simuyenera kunyalanyaza njira zoyambira, kuphatikiza kuloledwa kudya kwa antiparasitic;
- chitetezo choyenera komanso chithandizo chanthawi zonse chanyama kuchokera ku ectoparasites chimachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka helminths.
Zofunika! Nyongolotsi zakutchire ndizowopsa makamaka kwa ana agalu kapena agalu ochepa omwe ali ndi chitetezo chofooka, chifukwa chake, nyama zotere ziyenera kupatsidwa njira zodzitetezera zomwe zingachepetse chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka helminths.
Ndikofunika kuti galu atalowe m'malo otayira zinyalala komanso malo owonongeka, onetsetsani kuti mukuteteza chiweto chanu kuti chisakhudzane ndi nyama zopanda pokhala, zakutchire kapena zodwala.
Zowopsa kwa anthu
Thupi la munthu limatha kukhala malo okhala mitundu iwiri kapena itatu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyongolotsi zomwe zimapezeka m'matumbo ndi mumtima, bronchi ndi mapapu, komanso m'chiwindi, m'mimba ndi m'mimba.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Katemera wa ana agalu - zomwe muyenera kuyika komanso nthawi yoyenera
- Iron - nkhuku yodutsira galu
- Piroplasmosis (babesiosis) agalu
- Zoyenera kuchita ngati galu walumidwa ndi nkhupakupa
Gawo lina lokha la canine helminths lomwe limatha kupatsira anthu, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwa thupi pakati pa chiweto ndi munthu... Mtundu wambiri wa mphutsi zomwe zimawononga agalu ndipo ndizowopsa kwa anthu ndi echinococci, yomwe imasuntha ndimwazi m'magazi a chiwindi ndi ndulu, ubongo ndi msana, impso, mafupa ndi minofu, ndi zotupa ndi zotupa zoyambitsidwa ndi nyongolotsi iyi m'ziwalo zamkati nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha imfa.
