Kangaude (lat. Atelidae) ndizinyama zochokera kubanja la anyani amphongo yayikulu (Platyrrhini) komanso dongosolo la anyani. Banja ili limaphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi makumi atatu amakono, omwe amaperekedwa kokha kudera la New World.
Kufotokozera za nyani kangaude
Anyani a kangaude ali ndi dzina losazolowereka osati kokha ndi miyendo yayitali komanso yamphamvu yokwanira, komanso mchira, womwe umagwira ngati gawo lachisanu lolimba kwambiri. Chigoba cha nyani ndichaching'ono, chifukwa chake, nyama yoyamwa yomwe ikulendewera panthambiyo ndikugwiritsanso mchira wake, komanso ziwalo zonse, imafanana kwambiri ndi kangaude m'maonekedwe ake onse.
Maonekedwe, kukula kwake
Anyani a kangaude, kuphatikizapo anyani ang'onoang'ono ndi ma koats, pano akuwerengedwa kuti ndi anyani akulu kwambiri ku America. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa munthu wamkulu kumakhala pafupifupi 4-10 kg, ndikutalika kwa thupi kuyambira masentimita 34-65. Kutalika kwa mchira wa nyani wa arachnid kumasiyana pakati pa masentimita 55 mpaka 90. Zazikazi zamtunduwu ndizolemera kwambiri ndipo zimawoneka zazikulu kuposa amuna okhwima ogonana.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mukubowola ubweya, chovala pamapewa ndichotalika pang'ono kuposa chovala pamimba ndi miyendo.
Pamalo opanda kanthu kumapeto kwa nsonga ya mchira, kuli ma scallops, omwe amachititsa kuti nyama ikhale yolimba kwambiri. Kutsogolo kwa kangaude ndi kotalika kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo, koma mwa anthu ena amatha kukhala ofanana kutalika. Chala chachikulu chakumanja sichipezeka kapena chachepetsedwa, ndipo zala zazikulu zakumanja zimapangidwa bwino. Chovala chanyama chimakhala chachitali, chamitundumitundu... Dera lamphuno la nyamayo limakhala ndi mdima wandiweyani, ndipo tsitsi lathupi limakhala lofiirira kapena lofiirira.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Anyani a kangaude amakonda kukhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, pafupifupi anthu khumi, koma nthawi zina zinyama zimatha kusonkhana m'magulu a anthu makumi anayi kapena kupitirirapo. Oimira banja la anyani otakata kwambiri amakhala m'makona a nkhalango, osatsikira padziko lapansi. Chifukwa chake, kuti zitheke kugwira ntchito zofunika kwambiri, mtundu uwu umafunikira kukhalapo koyenera kwa mitengo yayikulu yokwanira mderalo.
Kugona kwa anyani a arachnid kumachitika m'mitengo yokha, pomwe nyama zimapezeka patali pang'ono. Poyenda pakati pa zomera, njira yolumikizira theka imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ikulendewera panthambi zam'mbuyo komanso mchira woyang'ana kwambiri. Ntchito yayikulu ya zinyama imachitika masana.
Khalidwe la anyani a arachnid tsiku lililonse limayimilidwa ndi nthawi yopuma, kudyetsa, kuyenda, kapena kuyenda komanso kulumikizana. Anyani ofooka oterewa amakhala pafupifupi 50% ya nthawi yawo yopuma, 20% ya nthawiyo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya, 28% - paulendo kapena kuyenda, ndi 2% - polumikizana.
Gulu lirilonse la Atelidae limakonda kukhala pamitengo yosiyana pomwe nyumba zimakhala. Ndikudula mitengo mwachangu, anyani a arachnid amachoka m'malo omwe amakhala ndipo amatha kubwerera kumalo awo atangobwerera kumene mitengo yoyenera kukhalamo zinyama yakula msinkhu wokwanira.
Kodi kangaude amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Oimira banja la anyani a arachnid amasiyana mosiyana ndi kukula ndi mtundu wawo, komanso amasiyana pazaka zamoyo. Amuna mwachilengedwe amakhala, monga lamulo, osaposa zaka khumi, ndipo akazi - mpaka zaka khumi ndi ziwiri mpaka khumi ndi zisanu... Popeza mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri, nthawi yayitali yamoyo wa nyama zamtunduwu imatha kufikira zaka makumi awiri, ngakhale kotala la zaka zana limodzi kapena kupitilira apo. Mu ukapolo, nyama zimakhala zaka pafupifupi makumi anayi.
Mitundu ya kangaude kangaude
Banja la anyani a arachnid limayimilidwa ndi mabanja awiri, mibadwo isanu ndi mitundu pafupifupi makumi atatu. Banja laling'ono la Alouattinae limaphatikizapo mtundu wa Howler (Alouatta), kuphatikiza:
- Alouatta arctoidea;
- ofuwula ndi manja ofiira (Аlоuаttа bеlzebul);
- wakuda wakuda (Alouatta saraya);
- Coiba howler (Alouatta coibensis);
- Kutulutsa kwa Alouatta;
- bulawuni wofiirira (Аlоuatta guаribа);
- Alouatta juara;
- Guyana howler (Alouatta massonnelli);
- Wofuwula waku Amazonia (Alouatta nigerrima);
- Wakuwuza ku Colombia (Alouatta palliata);
- Wakuwomba ku Central America (Alouatta pigra);
- Alouatta puruensis;
- Bolivian Howler (Alouatta sara);
- wofiira wofiira (Alouatta seniculus);
- Alouatta ululata.
Banja laling'ono Atelinae limaphatikizapo:
- genus Coata (Аteles), kuphatikiza malaya amaso oyera (Аteles belzebuth), malaya aku Peru (Аteles сhamek), malaya aku Colombian (Аteles hybridus), malaya a masaya a balere (Аteleffes mаrginatelatelus), wakuda koatu (Ateles raniscus);
- anyani a Spider (Brachyteles), kuphatikiza nyani wa arachnid (Brachyteles arachnoids) ndi nyani wofiira (Brachyteles hyrohanthus);
- anyani amtundu wa Woolly (Lаgоthriх), kuphatikiza nyani wofiirira (Lаgоthriх lаgоtriсha), anyani aubweya waubweya (Lаgоthriх sana), anyani aubweya wa ku Colombian (Lаgоthrih nyani wopota.)
Nyani wachikasu (Oreonah flavicauda) ndi m'gulu laling'ono kwambiri la Oreonax.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Wofuwula wamanja ofiira amakhala m'nkhalango ya Atlantic ndi Amazonia. Nyani wakuda komanso wakuda wakubowoleza ndi amodzi mwa omwe akuyimira kumwera kwambiri kwamtunduwu, ndipo a Coiba howler amapezeka ku Panama. Oimira mitundu ya Guyana howler amapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse ku Guiana Highlands, kumpoto kwa Amazon ndi kum'mawa kwa Rio Negro.
A Howler aku Amazon amakhala mkatikati mwa Brazil. Central American Howler amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri ku Belize, Mexico ndi Guatemala, pomwe anyani aku Bolivia ndi a Howler amapezeka kumpoto ndi pakati pa Bolivia mpaka kumalire ndi Peru ndi Brazil.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mtundu wosowa kwambiri ndi nyani waubweya wachikaso. Amapezeka ku Peru, omwe amapezeka ku Andes ku Peru okhaokha ku San Marín, Amazonas, Loreto ndi Huanuco, komanso ku La Libertad.
Oyimira onse amtundu wa Koata amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha za ku South ndi Central America: kuyambira kumwera kwa Mexico mpaka kumalire a Brazil. Agalu a Lagotrix kapena a Woolly amakhala kumtunda kwa nkhalango zamvula, chinyezi komanso nkhalango zamvula m'chigawo chakumpoto kwa South America, kuphatikiza Bolivia ndi Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador ndi Peru.
Zakudya Zamatsenga
Chakudya chachikulu cha amonke omwe amafuula amaimiridwa ndi masamba ndi zipatso, ndipo mbewu ndi maluwa a zomera zimakhala zowonjezera... Zovala zimadyanso makamaka zipatso zamkati ndi maluwa, koma nthawi zina zimadya tizirombo ndi matabwa owola.
Masamba amabzala pafupifupi 20% yazakudya zonse, ndipo mbewu zimaphatikizidwira muzakudya makamaka munthawi yamvula, pomwe sipangakhale zipatso zokwanira. Zipatso zimapanga 36% yazakudya zonse, masamba okhwima - pafupifupi 30%, masamba achichepere ndi masamba - osaposa 25%, ndi maluwa - pafupifupi 5%.
Kubereka ndi ana
Anyani achikazi a arachnid nthawi zambiri amabala mwana mmodzi. Palibe zisonyezo zakunyengo pakubereketsa nyama zoterezi, chifukwa chake oimira banjali amatha kukwatirana chaka chonse. Anyani oterewa amakhudzidwa ndi alendo aliwonse mwachangu komanso mwachiwawa munyengo ya ana.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kubwezeretsedwa kwa anthu ndikuchedwa kuchepa, chifukwa chosabereka pafupipafupi anyani a arachnid komanso kubadwa kwa ng'ombe imodzi yokha.
Kwa zaka zingapo zoyambirira, mwanayo amakhala ndi mayi ake nthawi zonse. Kuyambira ali ndi miyezi inayi, anawo amayamba kuyesa zakudya zosiyanasiyana zamasamba.
Zinyama zomwe zili m'banja la anyani a Arachnid sizikwanitsa kufikira zaka zisanu.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani achilengedwe a kangaude amaimiridwa ndi nyamazi, ocelots ndi ziwombankhanga, zeze, koma vuto lalikulu kuzinyama zotere zimayambitsidwa ndi anthu. Zowopseza anthu ambiri ndikusaka nyama kuti zikhale nyama komanso kugwidwa kwa achichepere, komanso kuwononga malo achilengedwe a anyani a arachnid. Mwazina, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kumapangitsa kugawidwa kwa malo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Mitundu ya Red-hand Howler yapatsidwa mwayi wokhala pachiwopsezo ndi International Union for Conservation of Nature. Oyimira mitundu ya anyani aubweya wachikaso wachikaso tsopano atsala pang'ono kutha. Anyani a Auburn ndi anyani osowa kwambiri komanso osatetezeka omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotetezedwa.
Mwa ma subspecies asanu ndi anayi odziwika a nyani wa arachnid, asanu ndi atatu ali pachiwopsezo cha chiwonongeko. Central American Howler amadziwika kuti ali Pangozi, ndipo kusungidwa kwa Red Howler pakadali pano ndi kovuta kwambiri. Ali mu ukapolo, anyani a arachnid amaberekana mokwanira, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale anthu ochulukirapo omwe akukhala m'mapaki angapo azachilengedwe.
