Mbalameyi imakutidwa ndi nthano zaku Egypt wakale - woyera mtima woyang'anira, mulungu Thoth, adadziwika nayo. Dzina lachilatini la mtundu wake - Threskiornis aethiopicus - limatanthauza "wopatulika". Zili mndondomeko ya dokowe, yomwe ndi ya m'banjamo.
Kufotokozera kwa ibises
Yakuda ndi yoyera kapena yofiira, amuna okongola awa nthawi zonse amakopa diso... Pali mitundu ingapo ya mbalamezi, zosiyana kukula ndi mtundu wa nthenga - pafupifupi mitundu 25.
Maonekedwe
Mwamaonekedwe, zimawonekeratu kuti ibis ndi chibale chapafupi cha dokowe: miyendo yopyapyala ndiwodziwika kwambiri ndipo amadziwika, ofupikirapo pang'ono kuposa anzawo odziwika kwambiri, omwe zala zawo zimakhala ndi zingwe, ndipo mawonekedwe a mbalameyo ndi khosi lalitali losasintha, lokhala ndi mutu wawung'ono.
Makulidwe
Mbululu wamkulu ndi mbalame yapakatikati, imatha kulemera pafupifupi 4 kg, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi theka la mita mwa anthu ocheperako, mpaka masentimita 140 oyimira akulu. Zofiira zazing'ono ndizocheperako kuposa anzawo ena, nthawi zambiri zolemera zosakwana kilogalamu.
Mlomo
Ndiwopadera pakati pa ibise - imafanana ndi lupanga lokhota mozungulira: lalitali, lalitali kuposa khosi, lowonda komanso lopindika kutsika. "Chida" chotere chimakhala chofunafuna malo amatope kapena miyala ikuluikulu posaka chakudya. Mlomo ukhoza kukhala wakuda kapena wofiira, monga miyendo. Kungoyang'ana pang'ono pamlomo ndikokwanira kusiyanitsa mosadukiza nsombazi.
Mapiko
Kutalika kwake, kwakukulu, kokhala ndi nthenga zazikulu 11 zazikulu, zimapatsa mbalame kuuluka kowuluka.
Mitengo
Ibis nthawi zambiri amakhala amodzi: pali mbalame zoyera, imvi ndi zakuda... Nsonga za nthenga zouluka zikuwoneka kuti zakuda ndi makala ndipo zimawoneka mosiyana, makamaka pakuuluka. Mitundu yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi njovu zofiira kwambiri (Eudocimus ruber). Mtundu wa nthenga zake umakhala wonyezimira kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'zithunzi, nsombazi nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka: kuwombera sikumapereka kuwala kwa nthenga zosalala. Wamng'ono mbalame, imawala kwambiri nthenga zake: ndi mult iliyonse, mbalameyo imatha pang'onopang'ono.
Mitundu ina ya anyaniwa imakhala ndi mphako yayitali pamutu pake. Pali anthu amaliseche. Ndikosatheka kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi mu ibise m'maonekedwe, monga adokowe onse.
Moyo
Ibis amakhala m'magulu, kuphatikiza mabanja angapo a mbalame - kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 2-3 anthu mazana. Pakati paulendo wapandege kapena nthawi yachisanu, magulu angapo amitundu amalumikizana m'magulu zikwizikwi a mbalame, ndipo gulu la achibale awo akutali - ma spoonbill, cormorants, heron - atha kulowa nawo ibises. Mbalame zimauluka kukafunafuna zakudya zabwino komanso pakusintha kwa nyengo: njira zawo zosamukira zili pakati pa gombe la nyanja, nkhalango zotentha ndi madambo.
Zofunika! Mitundu yakumpoto ya ibise imasamukira kwina, "akumwera" amakhala pansi, koma amatha kuyenda kudera lalikulu.
Monga lamulo, mbalamezi zimakhala pafupi ndi madzi. Amayenda m'madzi osaya kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kufunafuna chakudya pansi kapena pakati pa miyala. Poona zoopsa, nthawi yomweyo amauluka pamwamba pa mitengo kapena kuthawira m'nkhalango. Umu ndi momwe amathera m'mawa ndi masana, kukhala ndi "mpumulo" pakatentha masana. Madzulo, ibise amapita kuzisa zawo kukagona. Amapanga "nyumba" zawo zozungulira kuchokera ku nthambi zosinthasintha kapena zimayambira bango. Mbalame zimaziika pamitengo, ndipo ngati palibe gombe lalitali pafupi ndi gombe, ndiye kuti mumitengo ya bango, bango, gumbwa.
Ndi ma ibise angati omwe amakhala
Kutalika kwa ma ibise kuthengo pafupifupi zaka 20.
Gulu
Banja laling'ono ili ndi mibadwo 13, yomwe imaphatikizapo mitundu 29, kuphatikiza imodzi yomwe yatha - Threskiornis solitarius, "Reunion dodo".
Mitundu ya Ibis imaphatikizapo mitundu monga:
- khosi lakuda;
- khosi loyera;
- mawanga;
- wamutu wakuda;
- wamaso akuda;
- amaliseche;
- wopatulika;
- Waku Australia;
- nkhalango;
- wadazi;
- mapazi ofiira;
- chobiriwira;
- zoyera;
- ofiira ndi ena.
Ibis imadziwikanso kuti ikuyimira nsombazi. Storks ndi heron nawonso ndi abale awo, koma kutali kwambiri.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Ibis imapezeka pafupifupi kumayiko onse kupatula ku Antarctica... Amakhala m'malo otentha: kotentha, kotentha, komanso kum'mwera kwa nyengo yotentha. A Ibise ambiri amakhala kum'mawa kwa Australia, makamaka m'chigawo cha Queensland.
Ibis amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi madzi: mitsinje yochepetsetsa, madambo, nyanja, ngakhale gombe la nyanja. Mbalame zimasankha magombe pomwe mabango ndi zomera zina zapafupi ndi madzi kapena mitengo yayitali zimakula mochuluka - zimafuna malowa kuti azikwirako. Pali mitundu ingapo ya anyani omwe adadzisankhira okhaokha ndi madambo, ndipo mitundu ina ya mbalame zadazi imakula bwino m'malo amiyala.
Scarlet ibises amapezeka pagombe la South America kokha: mbalamezi zimakhala mdera la Amazon kupita ku Venezuela, komanso zimakhazikika pachilumba cha Trinidad. Mbalame zam'mlengalenga, zomwe kale zimapezeka kwambiri ku Europe, zapulumuka ku Morocco komanso ku Syria.
Zakudya za Ibis
Ibis amagwiritsa ntchito milomo yawo yayitali monga amafunira, kukumba pansi kapena pansi, komanso kuyenda pakati pa miyala. Mitundu yapafupi yamadzi imasaka, ikuyendayenda m'madzi ndi mlomo wotseguka theka, kumeza chilichonse chomwe chilowamo: nsomba zazing'ono, amphibiya, molluscs, crustaceans, ndipo mosangalala azidya chule. Ibis yochokera kumadera ouma, kugwira kafadala, nyongolotsi, akangaude, nkhono, dzombe, nthawi zina mbewa, njoka, buluzi amabwera pamilomo yawo. Mitundu iliyonse ya mbalamezi imadya tizilombo komanso mphutsi zawo. Nthawi zambiri, koma nthawi zina ma ibise samanyoza zonyansa ndi chakudya kuchokera kumalo otayira zinyalala.
Ndizosangalatsa!Scarlet ibises amadya makamaka ma crustaceans, ndichifukwa chake nthenga zawo zidapeza mtundu wachilendo: zipolopolo zanyama zimakhala ndi mtundu wa pigment carotene.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nyengo ya kuswana kwa mbalamezi imachitika kamodzi pachaka. Kwa mitundu yakumpoto, nthawi imeneyi imachitika mchaka, chifukwa cha mitundu yakum'mwera, kubereka kumakhala nyengo yamvula. Ibis, monga adokowe, amadzipeza okha gulu limodzi moyo wawo wonse.
Mbalamezi ndi makolo abwino kwambiri, ndipo yaikazi ndi yaimuna imasamaliranso anawo. Chifukwa chake palinso ntchito ina yothandizira zisa zomwe zimamangidwa palimodzi, pomwe mbalame zimatha "kugona" ndikugona usiku: mazira 2-5 amaikidwamo. Abambo ndi amayi awo amatchinga mosinthana, pomwe theka lina limapeza chakudya. Zisa zimapezeka pafupi ndi nyumba zina za mbalame - kuti zikhale zotetezeka kwambiri.
Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, anapiye amaswa: poyamba samakhala okongola kwambiri, otuwa kapena abulauni. Onse wamkazi ndi wamwamuna amazidyetsa. Ma ibise achichepere amakhala owoneka bwino mchaka chachiwiri chamoyo, pambuyo pa molt woyamba, ndipo patatha chaka, nthawi yakukhwima ibwera, yomwe idzawathandize kukhala ndi okwatirana ndikupereka chowombera choyamba.
Adani achilengedwe
Mwachilengedwe, mbalame zodya nyama zimatha kusaka nyama zamtunduwu: nkhwangwa, ziwombankhanga, mphamba. Ngati mbalame iyenera kuyika chisa pansi, nyama zolusa zimatha kuiwononga: nkhandwe, nkhumba zakutchire, afisi, nkhandwe.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Ambiri m'mbuyomu, masiku ano ibises, mwatsoka, achepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwawo. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha umunthu - anthu amaipitsa ndi kukhetsa malo amadzi, amachepetsa malo okhala mbalame ndi chakudya. Kusaka kunabweretsa mavuto ochepa, nyama ya ibise siyokoma kwenikweni. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu amakonda kusankha kugwira mbalame zanzeru komanso zachangu, samwedwa mosavuta ndipo amatha kukhala mu ukapolo. Mitundu ina ya nsombazi yatsala pang'ono kutha, monga nkhono za m'nkhalango. Anthu ochepa ku Syria ndi Morocco akula kwambiri chifukwa cha chitetezo. Anthu amaweta mbalame m'minda yapadera, kenako amawamasula.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mbalame zomwe zinaleredwa mu ukapolo sizinadziwe kalikonse za njira zachilengedwe zosamukira, ndipo asayansi osamala amawaphunzitsira kuchokera ku ndege zazing'ono.
Mbalame zaku Japan zatsimikizika kuti zatha kawiri... Sakanakhoza kukhala ozolowereka mu ukapolo, ndipo anthu angapo omwe amapezeka sanathe kulera anapiye. Pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amakono amakulitsidwe, anthu angapo mwa mbalamezi adakulira. Reunion dodo - nsombazi, zomwe zimangokhala pachilumba cha Reunion chaphalaphala, zinasowa pakati pa zaka za zana la 17, mwina chifukwa cha zolusa zomwe zidayambitsidwa pachilumbachi, komanso chifukwa cha kusaka anthu.
Ibises ndi munthu
Chikhalidwe cha Aigupto Akale chinapatsa ibises malo ofunikira. God Thoth - woyang'anira woyera wa sayansi, kuwerengera ndi kulemba - adawonetsedwa ndi mutu wa mbalameyi. Chimodzi mwa zilembo zachiiguputo zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito powerengera ankazipanga ngati zibulu. Komanso, ibis imadziwika kuti ndi mthenga wa chifuniro cha Osiris ndi Isis.
Aigupto akale adalumikiza mbalameyi m'mawa, komanso kupirira, kukhumba... Chizindikiro cha ibis chimagwirizana ndi dzuwa, chifukwa zimawononga "zoyipa" - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, makamaka dzombe, komanso mwezi, chifukwa amakhala pafupi ndi madzi, ndipo izi ndizofanana. Nthawi zambiri nsombazi zidapangidwa utoto wokhala ndi kachigawo kakang'ono pamutu pake. Wasayansi wachi Greek a Elius m'buku lake adalemba kuti mbalamezi zikagona ndikubisa mutu pansi papiko, mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi mtima, womwe umayenera kulandira chithandizo chapadera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Sitepe ya ibis idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati muyeso pomanga akachisi aku Egypt, inali "mkono" weniweni, ndiye kuti, 45 cm.
Asayansi akuti chifukwa chopembedzera ibise ndikubwera kwawo pagombe madzi osefukira asanadutse, kutsatsa kubereka komwe kudza, komwe Aigupto adawona ngati chizindikiro chabwino chaumulungu. Mitembo yambirimbiri yodzikongoletsa yapezeka. Lero, ndizosatheka kunena motsimikiza ngati ibis yopatulika ya Threskiornis aethiopicus inali yolemekezedwa. N'kutheka kuti Aiguputo ankatchula nyamayi kuti ndi dazi lotchedwa Geronticus eremita, lomwe linali lofala kwambiri ku Iguputo nthawi imeneyo.
Mbalame zamatchire zimatchulidwa m'Baibulo pachikhalidwe cha chombo cha Nowa. Malinga ndi Lemba, inali mbalame iyi, chigumula chitatha, chomwe chidatsogolera banja la Nowa kuchokera kutsika kwa Phiri la Ararati kupita kuchigwa chapamwamba cha Firate, komwe adakhazikika. Mwambowu umakondwerera pachaka m'chigawochi ndi chikondwerero.
