Mbewa yovuta

Zoseketsa nyama zanzeru ndipo nthawi yomweyo "ziluma" za chilichonse ndi aliyense. Komabe, anthu okhala m'minda yaulere amabweretsa nkhawa komanso kuvulaza ulimi ndi mabanja. Nyama zokondedwa ndi amphaka ndipo sizimakondedwa ndi akazi komanso alimi ndi gawo lachilengedwe.

Dziko lapansi ndi lokwanira mitundu yonse, muyenera kungokhala limodzi mwanzeru. Tiyeni tiwone zambiri za mbewa yakumunda, zizolowezi zake, ngozi zomwe zingachitike ndi njira zolimbana.

Kufotokozera kwa mbewa yam'munda

Mbewa yakumunda imakhala ndi mitundu yambiri. Pakati pa abale ake apamtima amadziwika:

• wamba - mtundu wofala kwambiri;
• ofiira - amakhala m'mapiri otentha kwambiri ku Asia;
• nkhalango, posankha zigawo za nkhalango zamayiko aku Eurasia ndi North America;
• mobisa - wokhala m'matawuni oyankhulana ndi madera oyandikana nawo.

Ngakhale pali kusiyanasiyana, onse ndiamtundu wa ma voles, am'banja la hamsters, dongosolo la makoswe ndi gulu lazinyama.

Kuwonekera kwa mbewa yam'munda

Mitundu yonse ya ma voles ili ndi mbali zazitali, zowongoka, maso akuda (wakuda kapena wakuda wakuda), makutu owongoka ndi mchira wautali, ndikusiya kutalika kwa ¾. Imeneyi ndi mbewa yaying'ono mpaka 13 cm, nthawi zambiri mpaka 10 cm, osawerengera mchira. Kulemera kwapafupifupi 15 g... Pamasaya apamwamba, mbewa zimakhala ndi ma pterygoid mbale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwoneke ngati zili ndi zotupa pamasaya awo. Zala zake ndi zazing'ono, ndi mapazi pafupifupi 1.5 - 2. Misomali ndi yaifupi, yosasunthika chifukwa chokumba nthawi zonse.

Ubweya wa nyama kumbuyo ndi wachikuda. Sili yofewa, koma yolimba, yayifupi; mwa anthu akale imasandulika "singano zofewa", monga ma hedgehogs. Mbali yapadera ya ma voles ndi mzere wakuda pamsana. Pamimba, chovalacho ndi choyera.

Ndizosangalatsa! Kukula kwa utoto kumakhudzana ndi msinkhu wa mbewa. Anthu olemekezeka kwambiri amapepuka kuposa anzawo achichepere, ngakhale tsitsi laimvi limapezeka pakati paubweya.

Volo wamwamuna samasiyana kwakunja ndi wamkazi. Pofuna kusokoneza mbewa yakumunda ndi wachibale wake wa brownie, samalani pazosiyana zawo.

Mbewa zakutchire zimatha kukhala m'nyumba ndi m'munda, ndipo zoweta - kuthengo.

Moyo wachisoni

Mwa moyo, mbewa zakutchire zimafanana ndi timphona tating'ono: amakumba mabowo pafupi ndi dziko lapansi ndikusunthira limodzi. Pokumba, mbewa zimaponyera nthaka kumbali yawo, kotero kuti chitundacho chimakhala chophwatalala mbali imodzi, ndipo "cholowera" mkati mwake sichimachokera kumwamba, ngati mole, koma kuchokera mbali. M'nyengo yozizira, amayenda pansi pachikuto cha chisanu.

Zofunika! Voles alibe nyengo yozizira yoimitsidwa makanema ojambula; ngakhale nyengo yozizira, amafunika kusunthira ndikusaka chakudya. Poterepa, mbewa zimagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zidakololedwa mchilimwe m'matumba.

Amakhala m'misasa kapena pogona pabwino: pansi pa nthambi, mulu waudzu, m'misasa, ndi zina zambiri. Ngati mbewa imadzimangira yokha, imakulitsa ndikukula. Pakuya masentimita 5 mpaka 35, pali labyrinth kuyambira 4 mpaka 25 m kutalika ndi zipinda zingapo zosungira ndi chipinda chogona, komanso kutuluka mwadzidzidzi, komwe kumabweretsa gwero la madzi akumwa.

Masana, mbewa zakutchire zimakonda kubisala pansi ndi kugona, ndipo masana zimakhala zotakataka.... Amakwawa pamwamba ndikufunafuna chakudya, kutafuna pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe chachitika: kubzala mizu, mababu a maluwa, ma tubers, khungwa pansi pamtengo. Pofunafuna chakudya choyenera, amatha kusamuka kwenikweni.

Mbewa zimathamanga kwambiri, zikuyenda ndi "kulumpha". Amadziwa kusambira, koma amakonda kupewa. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'midzi, nthawi zambiri amakhala ambiri: 1 kapena achibale angapo achikazi ndi mibadwo ingapo ya ana awo.

Kodi vole amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji

Nthawi yayitali ya mbewa yakutchire kutchire ndi zaka 1-2, popeza ali ndi adani achilengedwe ambiri komanso zoopsa. Ngati zonse zikuyenda bwino kwambiri pamoyo wa mbewa, zitha kukhala zaka 7-12.

Malo okhala, malo okhala

Rentent iyi imapezeka pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula ngodya zotentha kwambiri:

• ku kontinenti yaku Europe, kuphatikiza Finland ndi Denmark;
• ku Siberia ndi ku Urals;
• m'dera la nkhalango za North America (mpaka ku Guatemala);
• amapezeka ku Asia - China, Mongolia, Taiwan;
• kuchokera kumwera, malire awo amakhala ochepa ku Libya (North Africa) ndi kumpoto kwa India;

Ngakhale dzinali, ma voles samakhazikika m'minda. Kwa iwo, udzu wambiri ndiwofunika, chifukwa chake amasankha madambo, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, malo otsetsereka, komanso malo omwe amakhala pafupi ndi anthu: zipinda zosungira, malo obiriwira, malo okhalamo, malo ogona abwino m'munda wamaluwa ndi masamba. Voles amatha kukwera mnyumba ndikukhala pansi padenga, atakulungidwa kukhoma, polowa mpweya, mosanjikiza.

Ndizosangalatsa! Ngati malowa ndi achinyezi komanso onyowa, mbewa yochenjera siyimanga dzenje, koma ipanga udzu, womwe udzakhale pamtunda waukulu wa nkhalango.

Pakati pa kusefukira kwamadzi, munthawi yamvula yamkuntho, nyengo yachisanu, ma mink a nyama amasefukira ndi madzi, ndipo mbewa zambiri zimafa.

Zakudya zama mbewa zam'munda

Vole ndi mbewa yodyera. Popeza iye ali wa banja hamsters, mano ake kukula mu moyo wake, kotero chibadwa chimafuna akupera zonse. Izi zikufotokozera kuti pafupifupi mbewa nthawi zonse zimangotafuna kena kake. Masana, munthu wamkulu ayenera kudya chakudya chofanana ndi kulemera kwake.

Mbewa imadya pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe ingapeze kuchokera ku zomera:

• zitsamba ndi mbewu zawo;
• zipatso;
• mtedza, kuphatikizapo ma cones;
• tirigu;
• tubers, mizu, mababu, mizu mbewu;
• masamba ndi maluwa a tchire zosiyanasiyana;
• makungwa ofewa a mitengo yaying'ono.

Zima zachisanu m'matumba a mbewa zam'munda zimatha kufika 3 kg.

Kubereka ndi ana

Poyamba kutentha kwa kasupe mpaka nthawi yozizira yophukira, mbewa zoyipa zimaberekana... Mimba mu mbewa imakhala masiku 21-23. Pakati pa nyengo, mkazi amatha kupereka malita 8, nthawi zambiri 3-4, mwa iliyonse yomwe imabweretsa ana 5-6. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati poyambira ma voles 5 akhazikika pamalowo, kumapeto kwa nyengo yofunda, mbewa zimatha kufikira 8-9 zikwi.

Mbewa zimabadwa zopanda thandizo, maso awo ndi akhungu. Koma chitukuko chawo ndichachangu kwambiri:

• masomphenya amapezeka masiku 12-14;
• Pambuyo masiku 20 atha kukhala opanda mayi;
• Pambuyo pa miyezi itatu komanso ngakhale kale, amatha kubereka okha.

Ndizosangalatsa! Milandu imadziwika nthawi yomwe akazi achikazi amakhala ndi pakati pa tsiku la 13 la moyo wawo ndikubweretsa ana atakwanitsa masiku 33 azaka.

Adani achilengedwe

Kubala kotereku kumachitika chifukwa cha chilengedwe mbewa zimakhala ndi adani ambiri omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwawo. Alenje ofunikira kwambiri ndi mbalame zodya nyama: kadzidzi, nkhwangwa, njenjete, ndi zina zotero Kadzidzi mmodzi amatha kudya mbewa zoposa 1000 pachaka. Kwa nyama zina - nkhandwe, ma weasel, martens, trore - mbewa ndizofunikira kwambiri, pafupifupi chakudya chokhacho. Ferret adzagwira ndikudya mbewa 10-12 patsiku.

Weasel amakhalanso owopsa kwa makoswe chifukwa amakhala ndi thupi losinthasintha komanso lopapatiza, lomwe limakhala losavuta kulowamo zisa ndikudya ana omwe amakhala pamenepo. Mpanda, njoka ndipo, ndithudi, mphaka adzasangalala ndi chisangalalo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Mbewa Vole ndi osiyana kwambiri. Asayansi apeza kuti pali mitundu yoposa 60 ndi mitundu ina. Kunja, ndizovuta kuzisiyanitsa; njira yokhayo yosanthula majini ndiyoyenera kuzindikira.

Ndizosangalatsa! Makoswewo amasiyanitsa bwino abale awo ndi anthu ena ndipo sagonana nawo. Momwe amavumbulutsira kusamvana kosadziwika sikudziwikabe.

Ma genome a mbewa yodziwika ndi chinsinsi cha sayansi: ma genetic amapezeka popanda malingaliro, ndipo zambiri zimangokhala m'makromosomes ogonana. Chiwerengero cha ma chromosomes ndichokera 17 mpaka 64, ndipo mwa amuna ndi akazi amatha kufanana kapena kusiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti, palibe kudalira kogonana. Mu zinyalala imodzi, mbewa zonse ndizoyenderana ndi majini.

Katundu wina wapadera wa mbewa zakutchire ndi "kudzipangira" kwamatenda amtunduwo kulowa mkati mwa ma cell ena (mitochondria). Asayansi akuvutikabe pachabe pachabe pakuika majini mwa anthu, pomwe mu voles yakhala ikugwira ntchito zoposa zaka chikwi chimodzi. Malongosoledwe okha asayansi ndikutumphuka kwakatundu pakati pa mbewa zakumunda pazaka miliyoni zapitazo.

Popeza mbewa ndi nyama yochulukirapo, kuchuluka kwake kumadalira kwambiri chaka ndi nyengo.... Tidazindikira kuti kukula ndikukula kwa "kuchuluka kwa anthu" muma voles kumasintha pakadutsa zaka 3-5. Ziwerengero zabwino kwambiri zolembedwa m'derali zinali mbewa pafupifupi 2000 pa hekitala iliyonse, ndipo ochepera - anthu 100 pa hekitala. Kuphatikiza pa mbewa, banja la makoswe limaphatikizapo mandimu ndi ma muskrats.

Vole mbewa ndi munthu

Anthu akhala akuganiza kuti kanyama kameneka ndi mdani wawo. Posankha malo okhala pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu, malo osungira ndi malo olimapo, mbewa zoyipa zimawononga masheya ndi kubzala, komanso, ndizonyamula matenda ambiri opatsirana.

Mkuntho wa minda, minda ndi minda yamasamba

M'zaka zomwe kubereka kumakhala kotheka, kuvulaza komwe kumayambitsa mbeu kumamveka kwambiri:

• amazilumikiza mbali zobisika, zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa mbewu pazu;
• imawononga mbewu ndi mizu;
• amanola nkhokwe ndi mbewu;
• amadula makungwa a zitsamba zazing'ono ndi mitengo.

Voles amadya masamba a masamba osangokhala pansi, komanso m'malo osungira, zikepe, m'matumba komanso mosungira.

Zofunika! Sikovuta kumvetsetsa kuti banja la ma voles lakhazikika mdera lanu: njuchi zipatsidwa zomwe zimatchedwa "mayendedwe" - zomwe zatsala kumtunda kuchokera kukumba pansi pa nthaka.

Mphuno zowopsa

Mbewa yamtunduwu imatha kukhala yonyamula matenda oopsa kwambiri, ambiri mwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amatha kupha anthu. Zinyama zokongola komanso zoseketsa, makamaka mu misa, zimatha kuyambitsa:

• typhus;
• leptospirosis;
• tularemia;
• erysipelas;
• toxoplasmosis;
• salmonellosis, ndi zina.

Iwo adadziwika chifukwa choti ndi okhawo amene anyamula mliri m'dera la Transcaucasian.

Momwe mungachitire ndi vole

Chifukwa chowopsa paulimi, komanso thanzi la munthu ndi moyo, wina ayenera kuyesetsa kuchepetsa mbewa zoyipa. Pachifukwa ichi, mbali ziwiri zolimbana zikugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• zongopeka-kuwononga mbewa kuchokera komwe anthu amakhala ndi zinthu zaulimi;
• yogwira - njira zomwe zimawononga makoswe.

Timawopseza mbewa zakumunda

Monga gawo lowopseza, ndizothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu pobzala ndi kuyala, kununkhira kwake komwe mbewa sizimakonda. Zina mwa izo ndi adyo, mizu yakuda, calendula, timbewu tonunkhira, chowawa, tansy ndi zitsamba zina zonunkhira kwambiri ndi zipatso. Simungagwiritse ntchito zomera zokha, koma mafuta ofunikira, kuyala zidutswa za ubweya wa thonje wothira mkati mwa malo omwe mumakhala mbewa. Nthawi zina parafini ndi ammonia zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chimodzimodzi. Mbewa kupewa phulusa anamwazikana.

Njira ina yachisoni yowopsezera ndi zida za akupanga kapena kugwedeza zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewa zizikhala moyandikana. Zitha kugulidwa m'masitolo. Mtundu wa "kunyumba" wothamangitsayo ndi botolo lopendekeka lomwe limakumbidwa pansi, lomwe lidzagwedeze ndikunjenjemera nyengo yamvula. Zitini pamitengo yozungulira malo ozungulira tsambalo ndipo ngakhale "mphepo yolira" (kumenyetsa timitengo kapena mabelu) yopachikidwa pamitengo idzachitanso chimodzimodzi. Gulu la mbewa ndizokayikitsa kuti likhazikike pamalopo komanso mnyumbayo, yomwe "imayang'aniridwa" ndi mdani wachilengedwe - mphaka.

Kuwonongeka kwa ma voles

"Pankhondo" zonse ndizachilungamo. Mbewu ndi kubzala zikawopsezedwa kuti zisakonzeke, njira zowopsa zitha kukhala zofunikira. Nkhokwe ya njira zowerengera ndi mafakitale imapereka njira zotsatirazi zothana ndi ma voles amoyo ndi imfa:

• "Plaster thrombus" - Sakanizani ufa wa tirigu wamchere ndi laimu kapena gypsum. Ndodo yomwe idadya nyambo imeneyi imafa ndi magazi m'mimba.
• Nyambo yapoizoni - m'masitolo apadera mutha kugula ziphe zopangira makoswe ngati mapiritsi a sera kapena granules. Mukamayala, musawatenge ndi manja, apo ayi mbewa zanzeru sizidzawakhudza. Mitundu ina ya ziphe zimachedwa, ndipo makoswe okhala ndi poizoni amatha kupatsira anzawo.

Zofunika! Simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi ngati mphaka kapena galu atha kudya mbewa zakufa - izi zitha kupha moyo wa chiweto.

• Zowononga zathupi - mitundu yonse yamagalimoto. Sizothandiza ngati mbewa ndi zazikulu.
• Misampha -alimi amapeza zosankha zingapo, kuyambira mumtsuko woyikidwa pandalama yomwe mbewa imagwa pansi mpaka botolo lokumba pansi ndi mafuta ochepa a mpendadzuwa. Misampha yokonzekera ikugulitsidwanso. Njira ina ndi bolodi lokhala ndi guluu wapadera womata, pomwe mbewa imamangirira bwino.

Malinga ndi malipoti aposachedwa, si tchizi wachikhalidwe womwe umakhala wokongola ngati nyambo za ma voles, koma mtedza, chokoleti, chidutswa cha nyama, mkate wokhala ndi mafuta a mpendadzuwa. Nthawi ina yosasangalatsa yokhudzana ndi njira zonse zoperekera chilango ndikuti muyenera kuyeretsa ndikuchotsa mbewa zakufa nthawi zonse.

Chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kuwononga kwathunthu ma voles

Monga zamoyo zilizonse padziko lapansi, ma voles amatenga malo awo mwachilengedwe. Mwa kudya mbewu zaudzu, amaletsa kukula kwa udzu, womwe umalepheretsa mitengo ing'onoing'ono kuti iwoneke mpaka kuwalako, potero amateteza nkhalango... Kuphatikiza apo, gawo lawo pagulu lazakudya ndilofunika kwambiri kwa mbalame zodya nyama ndi nyama zambiri zobala ubweya. M'zaka zomwe mbewa zochepa zimabadwa, nkhandwe, kadzidzi ndi nyama zina zomwe zimadya ma voles zimachepa. Mitundu ina ya ma voles imapezeka kawirikawiri komanso ili pachiwopsezo ndipo imasungidwa:

• Evron;
• muy;
• balukhistan;
• Chaku Mexico;
• Chijapani chofiira;
• Taiwanese;
• chapakati Kashmir.

Njira zodzitetezera

Kuti muchepetse mwayi wokhala ndi ma voles mdera lanu, mutha:

• kupeza mphaka kapena galu;
• osathamangitsa adani achilengedwe a mbewa, makamaka akadzidzi;
• popewa kuwononga malo ndi mitengo, nkhuni, mipando yolakwika, ndi zina zambiri;
• amasula nthaka nthawi zonse, kuwononga "ma grooves" a mbewa zakutchire;
• chotsani panthawi yake nthambi zodulidwa, masamba, namsongole ndi zinyalala zina zam'munda.

Pothana ndi ma voles, njira yophatikizira iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikiza kupewa, kupanga malo osavutikira makoswe, ndikuwononga kwakuthupi.

Kanema wonena za mbewa zakumunda

Onerani kanemayo: Nick Okello hosting Pst. Nerehea Mbewa on women clergy, their roles and family responsibilities. (November 2024).